TCP的核心系列 — 重传队列的更新和时延的采样（一）

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重传队列实际上就是发送队列(sk->sk_write_queue)，保存着发送且未确认的数据段。

当有新的数据段被确认时，需要把这些段从重传队列中删除，同时更新一些变量，包括

packets_out、sacked_out、lost_out、retrans_out等。

对于非重复的ACK，会进行RTT采样，用于更新srtt和rto等时延信息。

本文主要内容：tcp_clean_rtx_queue()的实现。

内核版本：3.2.12

Author：zhangskd @ csdn

函数实现

Q：什么是重传队列？

A：重传队列实际上就是发送队列(sk->sk_write_queue)，保存着发送且未确认的数据段。

The retransmit queue is implemented using a linked list to hold all the packets currently in

flight to the receiver.

Q：tcp_clean_rtx_queue()是干什么的？

A：tcp_clean_rtx_queue() is called to remove and free the acknowledged packets from the

retransmit queue, and packets_out is decremented by the number of freed packets.

/* Remove acknowledged frames from the retransmission queue.
 * If our packet is before the ack sequence we can discard it as it's confirmed to
 * have arrived at the other end.
 */

static int tcp_clean_rtx_queue(struct sock *sk, int prior_fackets, u32 prior_snd_una)
{
    struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
    const struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
    struct sk_buff *skb;
    u32 now = tcp_time_stamp; /* 当前时间，用于计算RTT */
    int fully_acked = 1; /* 表示数据段是否完全被确认 */
    int flag = 0;
    u32 pkts_acked = 0;
    u32 reord = tp->packets_out;
    u32 prior_sacked = tp->sacked_out;
    s32 seq_rtt = -1;
    s32 ca_seq_rtt = -1;
    ktime_t last_ackt = net_invalid_timestamp(); /* 把last_ackt置为0*/

    /* 遍历发送队列sk_write_queue
      * 注意：遍历到snd_una即停止，也就是说如果snd_una没更新，那么这个循环马上就退出！
      */
    while ((skb = tcp_write_queue_head(sk)) && skb != tcp_send_head(sk)) {
        struct tcp_skb_cb *scb = TCP_SKB_CB(skb);
        u32 acked_pcount;
        u32 sacked = scb->sacked; /* 记分板scoreboard */

        /* Determine how many packets and what bytes were acked, tso and else.
         * tp->snd_una已经是更新过的了，所以从发送队列头到snd_una就是此ACK确认的数据量。
         */
        if (after(scb->end_seq, tp->snd_una)) {
            /* 如果没有使用TSO，或seq >= snd_una，那么就退出遍历*/
            if (tcp_skb_pcount(skb) == 1 || ! after(tp->snd_una, scb->seq))
                break;

            /* 如果只确认了TSO段中的一部分，则截掉确认的部分，并统计确认了多少段*/
            acked_pcount = tcp_tso_acked(sk, skb);

            if (! acked_pcount) /* 处理出错 */
                break;

            fully_acked = 0; /* 表示没有确认完TSO段*/
        } else {
            acked_pcount = tcp_skb_pcount(skb); /* 统计确认段的个数*/
        }
 
        /* 如果此段被重传过*/
        if (sacked & TCPCB_RETRANS) {

            if (sacked & TCPCB_SACKED_RETRANS) /* 之前重传了还没有恢复*/
                tp->retrans_out -= acked_pcount; /* 更新网络中重传且未确认段的数量*/

            flag |= FLAG_RETRANS_DATA_ACKED;
            ca_seq_rtt = -1;
            seq_rtt = -1;

            if ((flag & FLAG_DATA_ACKED) || (acked_pcount > 1))
                flag |= FLAG_NONHEAD_RETRANS_ACKED;

        } else { /* 如果此段没有被重传过*/
            ca_seq_rtt = now - scb->when; /* 通过此ACK计算skb的RTT采样值*/
            last_ackt = skb->tstamp; /* 获取此skb的发送时间，可以精确到纳秒！*/
            if (seq_rtt < 0) {
                seq_rtt = ca_seq_rtt;
            }

            /* 如果SACK块中有空洞，那么保存其中序号最小号的 */ 
            if (! (sacked & TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED))
                reord = min(pkts_acked, reord);
        }

        /* 如果skb之前是带有SACK标志 */
        if (sacked & TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED)
            tp->sacked_out -= acked_pcount; /* 更新sacked_out */

        /* 如果skb之前是带有LOST标志 */
        if (sacked & TCPCB_LOST)
            tp->lost_out -= acked_pcount; /* 更新lost_out */

        tp->packets_out -= acked_pcount; /* 更新packets_out */
        pkts_acked += acked_pcount; /* 累加此ACK确认的数据量*/

        /* Initial outgoing SYN's get put onto the write_queue just like anything else
         * we transmit. It is not true data, and if we misinform our callers that this ACK
         * acks real data, we will erroneously exit connection startup slow start one packet
         * too quickly. This is severely frowned upon behavior.
         */
        if (! (scb->flags & TCPHDR_SYN)) {
            flag |= FLAG_DATA_ACKED; /* 确认了新的数据 */

        } else {
            flag |= FLAG_SYN_ACKED; /* 确认了SYN段 */
            tp->retrans_stamp = 0; /* Clear the stamp of the first SYN */
        }
 
        if (! fully_acked) /* 如果TSO段没被完全确认，则到此为止*/
            break; 

        tcp_unlink_write_queue(skb, sk); /* 从发送队列上移除skb */
        sk_wmem_free_skb(sk, skb); /* 删除skb的内存对象*/
        tp->scoreboard_skb_hint = NULL;
        if (skb == tp->retransmit_skb_hint)
            tp->retransmit_skb_hint = NULL;
         if (skb  == tp->lost_skb_hint)
             tp->lost_skb_hint = NULL;
    } /* 退出循环了这里*/

    if (likely(between(tp->snd_up, prior_snd_una, tp->snd_una)))
        tp->snd_up = tp->snd_una; /* 更新Urgent pointer */

    if (skb && (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->sacked & TCPCB_SACKED_ACKED))
        flag |= FLAG_SACK_RENEGING; /* 虚假的SACK */

    /* 如果此ACK确认了新数据，使snd_una前进了*/
    if (flag & FLAG_ACKED) {
        const struct tcp_congestion_ops *ca_ops = inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ca_ops;
        
        /* 如果路径MTU的探测段被确认了*/
        if (unlikely(icsk->icsk_mtup.probe_size &&
             ! after(tp->mtu_probe.probe_seq_end, tp->snd_una))) {
            tcp_mtup_probe_success(sk);
        }

        /* 更新srtt、RTO等RTT相关变量*/
        tcp_ack_update_rtt(sk, flag, seq_rtt);
        tcp_rearm_rto(sk); /* 重置超时重传定时器*/

        if (tcp_is_reno(tp)) {
            /* Reno模拟SACK处理，更新tp->sacked_out。
             * 如果检测到乱序，更新tp->reordering。
             */
            tcp_remove_reno_sacks(sk, pkts_acked);

        } else {
            int delta;
            /* Non-retransmitted hole got filled? That's reordering。
             * 如果之前没有SACK，prior_fackets为0，不会更新。
             */
            if (reord < prior_fackets)
                tcp_update_reordering(sk, tp->fackets_out - reord, 0); /* 更新乱序队列大小*/

            delta = tcp_is_fack(tp) ? pkts_acked : prior_sacked - tp->sacked_out;
            tp->lost_cnt_hint = -= min(tp->lost_cnt_hint, delta);
        }

        tp->fackets_out -= min(pkts_acked, tp->fackets_out); /* 更新fackets_out */
        
        /* 如果定义了pkts_acked()钩子*/
        if (ca_ops->pkts_acked) { 
            s32 rtt_us = -1;
            /* Is the ACK triggering packet unambiguous?，确认了非重传的数据段 */
            if (! (flag & FLAG_RETRANS_DATA_ACKED)) {
                /* High resolution needed and available?
                 * 高精确度的RTT测量，可以精确到微秒！
                 */
                 if (ca_ops->flags & TCP_CONG_RTT_STAMP &&
                      ! ktime_equal(last_ackt, net_invalid_timestamp()))
                     rtt_us = ktime_us_delta(ktime_get_real(), last_ackt);

                 else if (ca_seq_rtt >=0) /* 普通测量，精确到毫秒，再转为微秒*/
                     rtt_us = jiffies_to_usecs(ca_seq_rtt);
            }

            ca_ops->pkts_acked(sk, pkts_acked, rtt_us); /* 我们可以自定义的 */
        }
    } 

#if FASTRETRANS_DEBUG > 0
    WARN_ON((int) tp->sacked_out < 0);
    WARN_ON((int) tp->lost_out < 0);
    WARN_ON((int) tp->retrans_out < 0);

    if (! tp->packets_out && tcp_is_sack(tp)) {
        icsk = inet_csk(sk);
        if (tp->lost_out) {
            printk(KERN_DEBUG "Leak l=%u %d\n", tp->lost_out, icsk->icsk_ca_state);
            tp->lost_out = 0;
        }

        if (tp->sacked_out) {
            printk(KERN_DEBUG "Leak s=%u %d\n", tp->sacked_out, icsk->icsk_ca_state);
            tp->sacked_out = 0;
        }

        if (tp->retrans_out) {
            printk(KERN_DEBUG "Leak r=%u %d\n", tp->retrans_out, icsk->icsk_ca_state);
            tp->retrans_out = 0;
        }
    }

#endif
    return flag;
}

ktime_t

/*
 * ktime_t
 * On 64-bit CPUs a single 64-bit variable is used to store the hrtimes internal
 * representation of time values in scalar nanoseconds. The design plays out
 * best on 64-bit CPUs, where most conversions are NOPs and most arithmetic
 * ktime_t operations are plain arithmetic operations.
 *
 * On 32-bit CPUs an optimized representation of the timespec structure is used to
 * avoid expensive conversions from and to timespecs. The endian-aware order of
 * the tv struct members is chosen to allow mathematical operations on the tv64
 * member of the union too, which for certain operations produces better code.
 *
 * For architectures with efficient support for 64/32-bit conversions the plain scalar
 * nanosecond based representation can be selected by the config switch 
 * CONFIG_KTIME_SCALAR.
 */

union ktime {
    s64 tv64;

#if BITS_PER_LONG != 64 && !defined(CONFIG_KTIME_SCALAR)
    struct {
#ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN
    s32 sec, nsec;
#else
    s32 nsec, sec;
#endif
    } tv;
#endif
};

typedef union ktime ktime_t;

/* 返回值为0的ktime_t*/
static inline ktime_t net_invalid_timestamp(void)
{
    return ktime_set(0, 0);
}

TSO

当TSO段不是整个被确认，而是被确认一部分时，那么就分割TSO段，返回确认的段数。

/* If we get here, the whole TSO packet has not been acked. */
static u32 tcp_tso_acked(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
    struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
    u32 packets_acked;

    BUG_ON(! after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq, tp->snd_una));
 
    packets_acked = tcp_skb_pcount(skb); /* tso段总共包括多少个段*/

    if (tcp_trim_head(sk, skb, tp->snd_una - TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq))
        return 0;

    packets_acked -= tcp_skb_pcount(skb); /* 减去未确认的段*/
 
    if (packets_acked) {
        BUG_ON(tcp_skb_pcount(skb) == 0);
        BUG_ON(! before(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq));
    }

    return packets_acked; /* 返回确认的段数 */
}