Docker学习,Docker常见命令

Docker常见命令:

启动docker

service docker start

镜像命令:

docker version     ----查看docker版本
docker info       ----查看docker版本信息包括镜像信息
docker 命令 --help    ----查看帮助, 查询更多命令
docker images     ----查看所有本地的主机上镜像

[root@linux ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   2 months ago   13.3kB

#解释
REPOSITORY    	镜像的仓库源
TAG  					镜像的标签
IMAGE ID  			镜像的id
CREATED      		镜像的创建时间
SIZE     				镜像的大小

#可选项
  -a, --all               列出所有的镜像
  -q, --quiet           只显示镜像的id

docker search   镜像搜索

[root@linux ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10917     [OK]       
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4123      [OK]       
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   810                  [OK]

# 可选项 ,通过收藏数来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000    #搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的

[root@linux ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10917     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4123      [OK]  

docker pull    下载镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@linux ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest       #如果不写tag,默认就是latest 最新版
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
69692152171a: Pull complete    #分层下载,docker image的核心  联合文件系统
1651b0be3df3: Pull complete 
951da7386bc8: Pull complete 
0f86c95aa242: Pull complete 
37ba2d8bd4fe: Pull complete 
6d278bb05e94: Pull complete 
497efbd93a3e: Pull complete 
f7fddf10c2c2: Pull complete 
16415d159dfb: Pull complete 
0e530ffc6b73: Pull complete 
b0a4a1a77178: Pull complete 
cd90f92aa9ef: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:d50098d7fcb25b1fcb24e2d3247cae3fc55815d64fec640dc395840f8fa80969
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest  #真实地址

#等价于它:
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest 

#指定版本下载:
[root@linux ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
69692152171a: Already exists 
1651b0be3df3: Already exists 
951da7386bc8: Already exists 
0f86c95aa242: Already exists 
37ba2d8bd4fe: Already exists 
6d278bb05e94: Already exists 
497efbd93a3e: Already exists 
a023ae82eef5: Pull complete 
e76c35f20ee7: Pull complete 
e887524d2ef9: Pull complete 
ccb65627e1c3: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:a682e3c78fc5bd941e9db080b4796c75f69a28a8cad65677c23f7a9f18ba21fa
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi    删除镜像

[root@linux ~]# docker rmi -f 容器id   #删除指定容器
[root@linux ~]# docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id 容器id    #删除多个容器
[root@linux ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)    #删除全部的容器

容器命令

说明:我们有了镜像才可以创建容器,linux,下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

docker pull centos    下载centos

新建容器并启动

# docker run [可选参数] image
#参数说明
--name="Name"  容器名字  tomcat01 tomcat02 ,用来区分容器
-d          后台方式运行
-it         使用交互方式运行 ,进入容器查看内容
-p         指定容器的端口  -p 8080:8080
      -p  ip:主机端口:容器对口
      -p  主机端口:容器对口(常用)
      -p 容器多扣
      容器端口
-p         随机指定端口

#测试  启动并进入容器
[root@linux ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash    #启动并进入容器
[root@e004fab4582e /]# ls     #查看容器内的centos,基础版本,很多命令是不完善的
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@e004fab4582e /]# exit   #从容器中退回主机
exit

#exit  #直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl+P+Q  #快捷键  容器不停止退出

列出所有的运行的容器

#docker ps 命令
        # 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a      #列出当前正在运行的容器 + 带出历史运行过的容器
-n=?    #显示最近创建的容器
-q      #只显示容器的编号
[root@linux ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@linux ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
e004fab4582e   centos         "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Exited (0) 2 minutes ago             unruffled_bose
0fc738f7d899   d1165f221234   "/hello"      23 hours ago    Exited (0) 23 hours ago              distracted_tharp
[root@linux ~]# 

删除容器

docker rm  容器id			      #删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)     #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm   #删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id     	#启动容器
docker restart 容器id 	#重启容器
docker kill 容器id		#停止当前正在运行的容器
docker stop 容器id 		#强制停止当前容器

常用的其他命令

后台启动容器

#命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@linux ~]# docker run -d centos

#问题docker ps ,发现centos 停止了

#常见的坑: docker容器使用后台运行,就必须要有要一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止
#nginx ,容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止,就是没有程序了

查看日志命令:docker logs -f -t --tail 条数 容器id

#自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@linux ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo zhangshengqiang;sleep 1;done"

[root@linux ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE    
ea3547266a92   centos  

#显示日志
-tf            #显示日志
--tail 条数     #显示日志条数
[root@linux ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 ea3547266a92

查看容器中进程信息命令: docker top 容器id

[root@linux ~]# docker top ea3547266a92
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                
root                4636                4616                0                   10:55               ?                   00:00:00            
root                4967                4636                0                   11:00               ?                   00:00:00  
# ppid 为进程id          

查看镜像元数据

#命令 docker inspect 容器id

[root@linux ~]# docker inspect ea3547266a92
[
    {
        "Id": "ea3547266a92ef67ca1a6be44d9e34876f9ed7c313c49e7f6abf379cc39a6022",
        "Created": "2021-05-26T02:55:51.00865094Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo zhangshengqiang;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 4636,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-05-26T02:55:51.289545138Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ea3547266a92ef67ca1a6be44d9e34876f9ed7c313c49e7f6abf379cc39a6022/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ea3547266a92ef67ca1a6be44d9e34876f9ed7c313c49e7f6abf379cc39a6022/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ea3547266a92ef67ca1a6be44d9e34876f9ed7c313c49e7f6abf379cc39a6022/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/ea3547266a92ef67ca1a6be44d9e34876f9ed7c313c49e7f6abf379cc39a6022/ea3547266a92ef67ca1a6be44d9e34876f9ed7c313c49e7f6abf379cc39a6022-json.log",
        "Name": "/pensive_bhabha",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e71eae315c57ca436e5cb94bf685337cc427a3f35840a95ce4016fe425e0c013-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ebf98ccb6e5b26af40f081ecf52b344c5de50abaa69f998e549e7654e4396ef2/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e71eae315c57ca436e5cb94bf685337cc427a3f35840a95ce4016fe425e0c013/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e71eae315c57ca436e5cb94bf685337cc427a3f35840a95ce4016fe425e0c013/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e71eae315c57ca436e5cb94bf685337cc427a3f35840a95ce4016fe425e0c013/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "ea3547266a92",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo zhangshengqiang;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "a134e76b02c02309b8908534d63242133ae06e4e6675db68a20a19adafefddf0",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/a134e76b02c0",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "27b6829c4fc6705ff86c4da7b21c3289e7f88caa8270444e020376118626aa0b",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "7049217776ba2fee12a209c9c6aa85c193da3fd6a509e974ccf28d13ecef4831",
                    "EndpointID": "27b6829c4fc6705ff86c4da7b21c3289e7f88caa8270444e020376118626aa0b",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

#我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置

#命令 
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell

[root@linux ~]# docker exec -it ea3547266a92 /bin/bash
[root@ea3547266a92 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@ea3547266a92 /]# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 02:55 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo zhangshengqiang;sleep 1;done
root        871      0  0 03:10 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        894      1  0 03:10 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root        895    871  0 03:10 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@ea3547266a92 /]# 

#方式二
docker attach 容器id
#正在执行当前的代码...

#docker exec    #进入容器后开启一个行的终端,可以在里面操作(常用).
#docker attach  #进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程!

从容器内拷贝文件到主机

#查看主机home目录
[root@linux home]# ls
redis  zhang  zhang.java

#进入docker容器内部
[root@linux home]# docker attach 57de97676d5e
[root@57de97676d5e /]# cd  /home/
[root@57de97676d5e home]# ls

#在容器内新建一个文件
[root@57de97676d5e home]# touch sheng.java
[root@57de97676d5e home]# ls
sheng.java
[root@57de97676d5e home]# exit
exit
[root@linux home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@linux home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                       PORTS     NAMES
57de97676d5e   centos         "/bin/bash"              3 minutes ago    Exited (0) 15 seconds ago              hungry_ishizaka

#将这文件拷贝出来到主机上
[root@linux home]# docker cp 57de97676d5e:/home/sheng.java /home
[root@linux home]# ls
redis  sheng.java  zhang  zhang.java
[root@linux home]# 

#拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术,可以实现容器和主机目录同步