Java并发编程与高并发解决方案之并发容器(J.U.C)

最新推荐文章于 2021-02-13 16:13:08 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2021-02-13 16:13:08 发布

· 291 阅读

0 ·

版权

一,并发容器 J.U.C

1,CopyOnWriteArrayList

源码通过加锁来实现安全性.

2,CopyOnWriteArraySet

3,ConcurrentSkipListSet

4,ConcurrentHashMap

5,ConcurrentSkipListMap

二,AQS同步组件

1,CountDownLatch

@Slf4j
public class CountDownLatchExample1 {

    private final static int threadCount = 200;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(threadCount);

        for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
            final int threadNum = i;
            exec.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    test(threadNum);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.error("exception", e);
                } finally {
                    countDownLatch.countDown();
                }
            });
        }
        //countDownLatch.await();
        countDownLatch.await(10, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);//等待多久就不再等待了
        log.info("finish");
        exec.shutdown();//此方法不会立即终止线程运行,而是要等已开启的线程全部执行完关闭
    }

    private static void test(int threadNum) throws Exception {
        Thread.sleep(100);
        log.info("{}", threadNum);
        Thread.sleep(100);
    }
}

2,Semaphore,(信号量)控制并发的数量

@Slf4j
public class SemaphoreExample1 {

    private final static int threadCount = 20;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

        final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(3);

        for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
            final int threadNum = i;
            exec.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    semaphore.acquire(); // 获取一个许可
                    // semaphore.acquire(3); // 获取多个许可
                    test(threadNum);
                    // semaphore.acquire(3); // 获取多个许可
                    semaphore.release(); // 释放一个许可
                    // if (semaphore.tryAcquire()) { // 尝试获取一个许可
                    //    test(threadNum);
                    //    semaphore.release(); // 释放一个许可
                    // }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.error("exception", e);
                }
            });
        }
        exec.shutdown();
    }

    private static void test(int threadNum) throws Exception {
        log.info("{}", threadNum);
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    }
}

源码:

3,CyclicBarrier

@Slf4j
public class CyclicBarrierExample2 {

    private static CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(5);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            final int threadNum = i;
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            executor.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    race(threadNum);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.error("exception", e);
                }
            });
        }
        executor.shutdown();
    }

    private static void race(int threadNum) throws Exception {
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        log.info("{} is ready", threadNum);
        try {
           // barrier.await(2000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
           barrier.await();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.warn("BarrierException", e);
        }
        log.info("{} continue", threadNum);
    }
}

 private static CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(5, () -> {
        log.info("callback is running");
    });

优先执行这个callback;

4,ReentrantLock

@Slf4j
@ThreadSafe
public class LockExample2 {

    // 请求总数
    public static int clientTotal = 5000;

    // 同时并发执行的线程数
    public static int threadTotal = 200;

    public static int count = 0;

    private final static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(threadTotal);
        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(clientTotal);
        for (int i = 0; i < clientTotal ; i++) {
            executorService.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    semaphore.acquire();
                    add();
                    semaphore.release();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.error("exception", e);
                }
                countDownLatch.countDown();
            });
        }
        countDownLatch.await();
        executorService.shutdown();
        log.info("count:{}", count);
    }

    private static void add() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            count++;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

5,ReentrantReadWriteLock

@Slf4j
public class LockExample3 {

    private final Map<String, Data> map = new TreeMap<>();

    private final ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

    private final Lock readLock = lock.readLock();

    private final Lock writeLock = lock.writeLock();

    public Data get(String key) {
        readLock.lock();
        try {
            return map.get(key);
        } finally {
            readLock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public Set<String> getAllKeys() {
        readLock.lock();
        try {
            return map.keySet();
        } finally {
            readLock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public Data put(String key, Data value) {
        writeLock.lock();
        try {
            return map.put(key, value);
        } finally {
            readLock.unlock();
        }
    }

    class Data {

    }
}

6,StampedLock

public class LockExample4 {

    class Point {
        private double x, y;
        private final StampedLock sl = new StampedLock();

        void move(double deltaX, double deltaY) { // an exclusively locked method
            long stamp = sl.writeLock();
            try {
                x += deltaX;
                y += deltaY;
            } finally {
                sl.unlockWrite(stamp);
            }
        }

        //下面看看乐观读锁案例
        double distanceFromOrigin() { // A read-only method
            long stamp = sl.tryOptimisticRead(); //获得一个乐观读锁
            double currentX = x, currentY = y;  //将两个字段读入本地局部变量
            if (!sl.validate(stamp)) { //检查发出乐观读锁后同时是否有其他写锁发生？
                stamp = sl.readLock();  //如果没有，我们再次获得一个读悲观锁
                try {
                    currentX = x; // 将两个字段读入本地局部变量
                    currentY = y; // 将两个字段读入本地局部变量
                } finally {
                    sl.unlockRead(stamp);
                }
            }
            return Math.sqrt(currentX * currentX + currentY * currentY);
        }

        //下面是悲观读锁案例
        void moveIfAtOrigin(double newX, double newY) { // upgrade
            // Could instead start with optimistic, not read mode
            long stamp = sl.readLock();
            try {
                while (x == 0.0 && y == 0.0) { //循环，检查当前状态是否符合
                    long ws = sl.tryConvertToWriteLock(stamp); //将读锁转为写锁
                    if (ws != 0L) { //这是确认转为写锁是否成功
                        stamp = ws; //如果成功 替换票据
                        x = newX; //进行状态改变
                        y = newY;  //进行状态改变
                        break;
                    } else { //如果不能成功转换为写锁
                        sl.unlockRead(stamp);  //我们显式释放读锁
                        stamp = sl.writeLock();  //显式直接进行写锁 然后再通过循环再试
                    }
                }
            } finally {
                sl.unlock(stamp); //释放读锁或写锁
            }
        }
    }
}

案例2:

@Slf4j
@ThreadSafe
public class LockExample5 {

    // 请求总数
    public static int clientTotal = 5000;

    // 同时并发执行的线程数
    public static int threadTotal = 200;

    public static int count = 0;

    private final static StampedLock lock = new StampedLock();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(threadTotal);
        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(clientTotal);
        for (int i = 0; i < clientTotal ; i++) {
            executorService.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    semaphore.acquire();
                    add();
                    semaphore.release();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.error("exception", e);
                }
                countDownLatch.countDown();
            });
        }
        countDownLatch.await();
        executorService.shutdown();
        log.info("count:{}", count);
    }

    private static void add() {
        long stamp = lock.writeLock();
        try {
            count++;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock(stamp);
        }
    }
}

7,Condition

@Slf4j
public class LockExample6 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ReentrantLock reentrantLock = new ReentrantLock();
        Condition condition = reentrantLock.newCondition();

        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                reentrantLock.lock();
                log.info("wait signal"); // 1
                condition.await();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            log.info("get signal"); // 4
            reentrantLock.unlock();
        }).start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            reentrantLock.lock();
            log.info("get lock"); // 2
            try {
                Thread.sleep(3000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            condition.signalAll();
            log.info("send signal ~ "); // 3
            reentrantLock.unlock();
        }).start();
    }
}

8,JUC里面的,但是不是AQS的子类.Future 和 FutureTask 有返回值的

@Slf4j
public class FutureExample {

    static class MyCallable implements Callable<String> {

        @Override
        public String call() throws Exception {
            log.info("do something in callable");
            Thread.sleep(5000);
            return "Done";
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        Future<String> future = executorService.submit(new MyCallable());
        log.info("do something in main");
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        String result = future.get();
        log.info("result：{}", result);
    }
}

@Slf4j
public class FutureTaskExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        FutureTask<String> futureTask = new FutureTask<String>(new Callable<String>() {
            @Override
            public String call() throws Exception {
                log.info("do something in callable");
                Thread.sleep(5000);
                return "Done";
            }
        });

        new Thread(futureTask).start();
        log.info("do something in main");
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        String result = futureTask.get();
        log.info("result：{}", result);
    }
}

源码:

9,Fork/Join框架.(jdk1.7)

@Slf4j
public class ForkJoinTaskExample extends RecursiveTask<Integer> {

    public static final int threshold = 2;
    private int start;
    private int end;

    public ForkJoinTaskExample(int start, int end) {
        this.start = start;
        this.end = end;
    }

    @Override
    protected Integer compute() {
        int sum = 0;

        //如果任务足够小就计算任务
        boolean canCompute = (end - start) <= threshold;
        if (canCompute) {
            for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
                sum += i;
            }
        } else {
            // 如果任务大于阈值，就分裂成两个子任务计算
            int middle = (start + end) / 2;
            ForkJoinTaskExample leftTask = new ForkJoinTaskExample(start, middle);
            ForkJoinTaskExample rightTask = new ForkJoinTaskExample(middle + 1, end);

            // 执行子任务
            leftTask.fork();
            rightTask.fork();

            // 等待任务执行结束合并其结果
            int leftResult = leftTask.join();
            int rightResult = rightTask.join();

            // 合并子任务
            sum = leftResult + rightResult;
        }
        return sum;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ForkJoinPool forkjoinPool = new ForkJoinPool();

        //生成一个计算任务，计算1+2+3+4
        ForkJoinTaskExample task = new ForkJoinTaskExample(1, 100);

        //执行一个任务
        Future<Integer> result = forkjoinPool.submit(task);

        try {
            log.info("result:{}", result.get());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("exception", e);
        }
    }
}

10,BlockingQuene

实现类: