如果将全局变量的名字声明在一个函数体内的时候,全局变量的名字能被局部变量给覆盖掉。
code1:
bar = 100
def foo():
print "\ncalling foo()..."
bar = 200
print "in foo(), bar is", bar
print "in __main__, bar is", bar
foo()
print "\nin __main__, bar is (still)", bar
输出:
in __main__, bar is 100
calling foo()...
in foo(), bar is 200
in __main__, bar is (still) 100
在foo()函数中局部的bar将全局的bar”覆盖掉了”。
code2:
bar = 100
def foo():
print "\ncalling foo()..."
#bar = 200
print "in foo(), bar is", bar
if __name__ == '__main__' :
print "in __main__, bar is", bar
foo()
print "\nin __main__, bar is (still)", bar
输出:
in __main__, bar is 100
calling foo()...
in foo(), bar is 100
in __main__, bar is (still) 100
这里将foo()函数内对bar赋值语句注释掉,发现函数内部可以访问全局的bar。
code 3:
bar = 100
def foo():
print "\ncalling foo()..."
bar += 1
print "in foo(), bar is", bar
if __name__ == '__main__' :
print "in __main__, bar is", bar
foo()
print "\nin __main__, bar is (still)", bar
输出:
in __main__, bar is 100
calling foo()...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/zhangjun/workspace/try/src/try.py", line 10, in <module>
foo()
File "/home/zhangjun/workspace/try/src/try.py", line 5, in foo
bar += 1
UnboundLocalError: local variable 'bar' referenced before assignment
这里在foo()函数内部,对bar变量值进行修改,发现修改的其实被视为一个局部变量。
code 4:
bar = 100
def foo():
print "\ncalling foo()..."
global bar
bar += 1
print "in foo(), bar is", bar
if __name__ == '__main__' :
print "in __main__, bar is", bar
foo()
print "\nin __main__, bar is (still)", bar
输出:
in __main__, bar is 100
calling foo()...
in foo(), bar is 101
in __main__, bar is (still) 101
此时,在foo()函数内,我们首先对变量bar进行global声明,这样就可以顺利修改这个全局变量了。
本文探讨了Python中全局变量与局部变量的关系。当全局变量在函数内部使用时,若未通过`global`声明,会被局部变量覆盖。通过示例代码展示了如何在函数内部访问和修改全局变量,强调了`global`关键字在引用和修改全局变量时的重要性。
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