SpringAMQP的基础使用

消息发送

1.在父工程中引入依赖

<!--AMQP依赖，包含RabbitMQ-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.在application.yml中配置MQ服务器地址,连接MQ

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.150.101 # 主机名
    port: 5672 # 端口
    virtual-host: / # 虚拟主机
    username: itcast # 用户名
    password: 123321 # 密码

3.自动注入RabbitTemplate

        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend()来发送消息

        convertAndSend(队列名,信息)

        convertAndSend(交换机名,key,信息)

消息接收

1.配置MQ地址,在接收类的application.yml中

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.150.101 # 主机名
    port: 5672 # 端口
    virtual-host: / # 虚拟主机
    username: itcast # 用户名
    password: 123321 # 密码

2.创建接收类,并使用@Compant注解

//简单队列模型
@RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
public void listenSimpleQueueMessage(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
     System.out.println("spring 消费者接收到消息：【" + msg + "】");
}
//任务模型,让多个消费者共同消费队列中的消息,Work queues
@RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
public void listenWorkQueue1(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
    System.out.println("消费者1接收到消息：【" + msg + "】" + LocalTime.now());
    Thread.sleep(20);
}
......
//Fanout,广播
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
       value = @Queue(name = "fanout.queue1"),
       exchange = @Exchange(name = "fanoutEX",type = ExchangeTypes.FANOUT)))
public void listenFanoutQueue1(String msg){
    System.out.println("fanout.queue1接收到的信息为:"+msg);
}
......
//Direct,可以指定要发给哪一个
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
    value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue1"),
    exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
    key = {"red", "blue"}
))
public void listenDirectQueue1(String msg){
    System.out.println("消费者接收到direct.queue1的消息：【" + msg + "】");
}
......
//Topic,在Direct的基础上key加了通配符的功能
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
    value = @Queue(name = "topic.queue1"),
    exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
    key = "china.#"
))
public void listenTopicQueue1(String msg){
    System.out.println("消费者接收到topic.queue1的消息：【" + msg + "】");
}
......

3.任务模型需要在配置文件中配置

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    listener:
      simple:
        prefetch: 1 # 每次只能获取一条消息，处理完成才能获取下一个消息

4.Topic的key的通配符功能,key由一个或多个单词构成,用","隔开,#匹配一个或多个词,*只匹配一个词,注意:是词

默认情况下Spring采用的序列化方式是JDK序列化。众所周知，JDK序列化存在下列问题：

• 数据体积过大

• 有安全漏洞

• 可读性差

因此在接收端和发送端最好使用定义的统一的格式来,先引入依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
    <version>2.9.10</version>
</dependency>

在启动类中添加一个Bean

@Bean
public MessageConverter jsonMessageConverter(){
    return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
}