断点续传的原理剖析与实例讲解
本文所要讲的是Android断点续传的内容,以实例的形式进行了详细介绍。
一、断点续传的原理
其实断点续传的原理很简单,就是在http的请求上和一般的下载有所不同而已。
打个比方,浏览器请求服务器上的一个文时,所发出的请求如下:
假设服务器域名为www.jizhuomi.com/android,文件名为down.zip。
-
get /down.zip http/1.1
-
accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-
-
excel, application/msword, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, */*
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accept-language: zh-cn
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accept-encoding: gzip, deflate
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user-agent: mozilla/4.0 (compatible; msie 5.01; windows nt 5.0)
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connection: keep-alive
服务器收到请求后,按要求寻找请求的文件,提取文件的信息,然后返回给浏览器,返回信息如下:
-
200
-
content-length=106786028
-
accept-ranges=bytes
-
date=mon, 30 apr 2001 12:56:11 gmt
-
etag=w/"02ca57e173c11:95b"
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content-type=application/octet-stream
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server=microsoft-iis/5.0
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last-modified=mon, 30 apr 2001 12:56:11 gmt
所谓断点续传,也就是要从文件已经下载的地方开始继续下载。所以在客户端浏览器传给web服务器的时候要多加一条信息--从哪里开始。
下面是用自己编的一个“浏览器”来传递请求信息给web服务器,要求从2000070字节开始。
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get /down.zip http/1.0
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user-agent: netfox
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range: bytes=2000070-
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accept: text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, *; q=.2, */*; q=.2
仔细看一下就会发现多了一行 range: bytes=2000070-
这一行的意思就是告诉服务器down.zip这个文件从2000070字节开始传,前面的字节不用传了。
服务器收到这个请求以后,返回的信息如下:
-
206
-
content-length=106786028
-
content-range=bytes 2000070-106786027/106786028
-
date=mon, 30 apr 2001 12:55:20 gmt
-
etag=w/"02ca57e173c11:95b"
-
content-type=application/octet-stream
-
server=microsoft-iis/5.0
-
last-modified=mon, 30 apr 2001 12:55:20 gmt
和前面服务器返回的信息比较一下,就会发现增加了一行:
content-range=bytes 2000070-106786027/106786028
返回的代码也改为206了,而不再是200了。
知道了以上原理,就可以进行断点续传的编程了。
二、java实现断点续传的关键几点
用什么方法实现提交range: bytes=2000070-?
当然用最原始的socket是肯定能完成的,不过那样太费事了,其实java的net包中提供了这种功能。代码如下:
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Java代码
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url url = new url("http://www.jizhuomi.com/android/down.zip");
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httpurlconnection httpconnection = (httpurlconnection)url.openconnection();
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//设置user-agent
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httpconnection.setrequestproperty("user-agent","netfox");
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//设置断点续传的开始位置
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httpconnection.setrequestproperty("range","bytes=2000070");
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//获得输入流
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inputstream input = httpconnection.getinputstream();
从输入流中取出的字节流就是down.zip文件从2000070开始的字节流。
大家看,其实断点续传用java实现起来还是很简单的吧。
接下来要做的事就是怎么保存获得的流到文件中去了。
保存文件采用的方法:我采用的是io包中的randaccessfile类。
操作相当简单,假设从2000070处开始保存文件,代码如下:
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Java代码
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randomaccess osavedfile = new randomaccessfile("down.zip","rw");
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long npos = 2000070;
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//定位文件指针到npos位置
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osavedfile.seek(npos);
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byte[] b = new byte[1024];
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int nread;
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//从输入流中读入字节流,然后写到文件中
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while((nread=input.read(b,0,1024)) > 0)
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{
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osavedfile.write(b,0,nread);
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}
怎么样,也很简单吧。
接下来要做的就是整合成一个完整的程序了。包括一系列的线程控制等等。
三、断点续传内核的实现
主要用了6个类,包括一个测试类。
sitefilefetch.java负责整个文件的抓取,控制内部线程(filesplitterfetch类)。
filesplitterfetch.java负责部分文件的抓取。
fileaccess.java负责文件的存储。
siteinfobean.java要抓取的文件的信息,如文件保存的目录,名字,抓取文件的url等。
utility.java工具类,放一些简单的方法。
testmethod.java测试类。
四、实例源码
下面是源程序:
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Java代码
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/*
-
**sitefilefetch.java
-
*/
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package netfox;
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import java.io.*;
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import java.net.*;
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public class sitefilefetch extends thread {
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siteinfobean siteinfobean = null; //文件信息bean
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long[] nstartpos; //开始位置
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long[] nendpos; //结束位置
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filesplitterfetch[] filesplitterfetch; //子线程对象
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long nfilelength; //文件长度
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boolean bfirst = true; //是否第一次取文件
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boolean bstop = false; //停止标志
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file tmpfile; //文件下载的临时信息
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dataoutputstream output; //输出到文件的输出流
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public sitefilefetch(siteinfobean bean) throws ioexception
-
{
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siteinfobean = bean;
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//tmpfile = file.createtempfile ("zhong","1111",new file(bean.getsfilepath()));
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tmpfile = new file(bean.getsfilepath()+file.separator + bean.getsfilename()+".info");
-
if(tmpfile.exists ())
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{
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bfirst = false;
-
read_npos();
-
}
-
else
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{
-
nstartpos = new long[bean.getnsplitter()];
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nendpos = new long[bean.getnsplitter()];
-
}
-
}
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public void run()
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{
-
//获得文件长度
-
//分割文件
-
//实例filesplitterfetch
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//启动filesplitterfetch线程
-
//等待子线程返回
-
try{
-
if(bfirst)
-
{
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nfilelength = getfilesize();
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if(nfilelength == -1)
-
{
-
system.err.println("file length is not known!");
-
}
-
else if(nfilelength == -2)
-
{
-
system.err.println("file is not access!");
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
for(int i=0;i<nstartpos.length;i++)
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{
-
nstartpos = (long)(i*(nfilelength/nstartpos.length));
-
}
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for(int i=0;i<nendpos.length-1;i++)
-
{
-
nendpos = nstartpos[i+1];
-
}
-
nendpos[nendpos.length-1] = nfilelength;
-
}
-
}
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//启动子线程
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filesplitterfetch = new filesplitterfetch[nstartpos.length];
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for(int i=0;i<nstartpos.length;i++)
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{
-
filesplitterfetch = new filesplitterfetch(siteinfobean.getssiteurl(),
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siteinfobean.getsfilepath() + file.separator + siteinfobean.getsfilename(),
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nstartpos,nendpos,i);
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utility.log("thread " + i + " , nstartpos = " + nstartpos + ", nendpos = " + nendpos);
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filesplitterfetch.start();
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}
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// filesplitterfetch[npos.length-1] = new filesplitterfetch(siteinfobean.getssiteurl(),
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siteinfobean.getsfilepath() + file.separator + siteinfobean.getsfilename(),npos[npos.length-1],nfilelength,npos.length-1);
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// utility.log("thread " + (npos.length-1) + " , nstartpos = " + npos[npos.length-1] + ",
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nendpos = " + nfilelength);
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// filesplitterfetch[npos.length-1].start();
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//等待子线程结束
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//int count = 0;
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//是否结束while循环
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boolean breakwhile = false;
-
while(!bstop)
-
{
-
write_npos();
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utility.sleep(500);
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breakwhile = true;
-
for(int i=0;i<nstartpos.length;i++)
-
{
-
if(!filesplitterfetch.bdownover)
-
{
-
breakwhile = false;
-
break;
-
}
-
}
-
if(breakwhile)
-
break;
-
//count++;
-
//if(count>4)
-
// sitestop();
-
}
-
system.err.println("文件下载结束!");
-
}
-
catch(exception e){e.printstacktrace ();}
-
}
-
//获得文件长度
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public long getfilesize()
-
{
-
int nfilelength = -1;
-
try{
-
url url = new url(siteinfobean.getssiteurl());
-
httpurlconnection httpconnection = (httpurlconnection)url.openconnection ();
-
httpconnection.setrequestproperty("user-agent","netfox");
-
int responsecode=httpconnection.getresponsecode();
-
if(responsecode>=400)
-
{
-
processerrorcode(responsecode);
-
return -2; //-2 represent access is error
-
}
-
string sheader;
-
for(int i=1;;i++)
-
{
-
//datainputstream in = new datainputstream(httpconnection.getinputstream ());
-
//utility.log(in.readline());
-
sheader=httpconnection.getheaderfieldkey(i);
-
if(sheader!=null)
-
{
-
if(sheader.equals("content-length"))
-
{
-
nfilelength = integer.parseint(httpconnection.getheaderfield(sheader));
-
break;
-
}
-
}
-
else
-
break;
-
}
-
}
-
catch(ioexception e){e.printstacktrace ();}
-
catch(exception e){e.printstacktrace ();}
-
utility.log(nfilelength);
-
return nfilelength;
-
}
-
//保存下载信息(文件指针位置)
-
private void write_npos()
-
{
-
try{
-
output = new dataoutputstream(new fileoutputstream(tmpfile));
-
output.writeint(nstartpos.length);
-
for(int i=0;i<nstartpos.length;i++)
-
{
-
// output.writelong(npos);
-
output.writelong(filesplitterfetch.nstartpos);
-
output.writelong(filesplitterfetch.nendpos);
-
}
-
output.close();
-
}
-
catch(ioexception e){e.printstacktrace ();}
-
catch(exception e){e.printstacktrace ();}
-
}
-
//读取保存的下载信息(文件指针位置)
-
private void read_npos()
-
{
-
try{
-
datainputstream input = new datainputstream(new fileinputstream(tmpfile));
-
int ncount = input.readint();
-
nstartpos = new long[ncount];
-
nendpos = new long[ncount];
-
for(int i=0;i<nstartpos.length;i++)
-
{
-
nstartpos = input.readlong();
-
nendpos = input.readlong();
-
}
-
input.close();
-
}
-
catch(ioexception e){e.printstacktrace ();}
-
catch(exception e){e.printstacktrace ();}
-
}
-
private void processerrorcode(int nerrorcode)
-
{
-
system.err.println("error code : " + nerrorcode);
-
}
-
//停止文件下载
-
public void sitestop()
-
{
-
bstop = true;
-
for(int i=0;i<nstartpos.length;i++)
-
filesplitterfetch.splitterstop();
-
}
-
}
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/*
-
**filesplitterfetch.java
-
*/
-
package netfox;
-
import java.io.*;
-
import java.net.*;
-
public class filesplitterfetch extends thread {
-
string surl; //file url
-
long nstartpos; //file snippet start position
-
long nendpos; //file snippet end position
-
int nthreadid; //threads id
-
boolean bdownover = false; //downing is over
-
boolean bstop = false; //stop identical
-
fileaccessi fileaccessi = null; //file access interface
-
public filesplitterfetch(string surl,string sname,long nstart,long nend,int id) throws ioexception
-
{
-
this.surl = surl;
-
this.nstartpos = nstart;
-
this.nendpos = nend;
-
nthreadid = id;
-
fileaccessi = new fileaccessi(sname,nstartpos);
-
}
-
public void run()
-
{
-
while(nstartpos < nendpos && !bstop)
-
{
-
try{
-
url url = new url(surl);
-
httpurlconnection httpconnection = (httpurlconnection)url.openconnection ();
-
httpconnection.setrequestproperty("user-agent","netfox");
-
string sproperty = "bytes="+nstartpos+"-";
-
httpconnection.setrequestproperty("range",sproperty);
-
utility.log(sproperty);
-
inputstream input = httpconnection.getinputstream();
-
//logresponsehead(httpconnection);
-
byte[] b = new byte[1024];
-
int nread;
-
while((nread=input.read(b,0,1024)) > 0 && nstartpos < nendpos && !bstop)
-
{
-
nstartpos += fileaccessi.write(b,0,nread);
-
//if(nthreadid == 1)
-
// utility.log("nstartpos = " + nstartpos + ", nendpos = " + nendpos);
-
}
-
utility.log("thread " + nthreadid + " is over!");
-
bdownover = true;
-
//npos = fileaccessi.write (b,0,nread);
-
}
-
catch(exception e){e.printstacktrace ();}
-
}
-
}
-
//打印回应的头信息
-
public void logresponsehead(httpurlconnection con)
-
{
-
for(int i=1;;i++)
-
{
-
string header=con.getheaderfieldkey(i);
-
if(header!=null)
-
//responseheaders.put(header,httpconnection.getheaderfield(header));
-
utility.log(header+" : "+con.getheaderfield(header));
-
else
-
break;
-
}
-
}
-
public void splitterstop()
-
{
-
bstop = true;
-
}
-
}
-
/*
-
**fileaccess.java
-
*/
-
package netfox;
-
import java.io.*;
-
public class fileaccessi implements serializable{
-
randomaccessfile osavedfile;
-
long npos;
-
public fileaccessi() throws ioexception
-
{
-
this("",0);
-
}
-
public fileaccessi(string sname,long npos) throws ioexception
-
{
-
osavedfile = new randomaccessfile(sname,"rw");
-
this.npos = npos;
-
osavedfile.seek(npos);
-
}
-
public synchronized int write(byte[] b,int nstart,int nlen)
-
{
-
int n = -1;
-
try{
-
osavedfile.write(b,nstart,nlen);
-
n = nlen;
-
}
-
catch(ioexception e)
-
{
-
e.printstacktrace ();
-
}
-
return n;
-
}
-
}
-
/*
-
**siteinfobean.java
-
*/
-
package netfox;
-
public class siteinfobean {
-
private string ssiteurl; //sites url
-
private string sfilepath; //saved files path
-
private string sfilename; //saved files name
-
private int nsplitter; //count of splited downloading file
-
public siteinfobean()
-
{
-
//default value of nsplitter is 5
-
this("","","",5);
-
}
-
public siteinfobean(string surl,string spath,string sname,int nspiltter)
-
{
-
ssiteurl= surl;
-
sfilepath = spath;
-
sfilename = sname;
-
this.nsplitter = nspiltter;
-
}
-
public string getssiteurl()
-
{
-
return ssiteurl;
-
}
-
public void setssiteurl(string value)
-
{
-
ssiteurl = value;
-
}
-
public string getsfilepath()
-
{
-
return sfilepath;
-
}
-
public void setsfilepath(string value)
-
{
-
sfilepath = value;
-
}
-
public string getsfilename()
-
{
-
return sfilename;
-
}
-
public void setsfilename(string value)
-
{
-
sfilename = value;
-
}
-
public int getnsplitter()
-
{
-
return nsplitter;
-
}
-
public void setnsplitter(int ncount)
-
{
-
nsplitter = ncount;
-
}
-
}
-
/*
-
**utility.java
-
*/
-
package netfox;
-
public class utility {
-
public utility()
-
{
-
}
-
public static void sleep(int nsecond)
-
{
-
try{
-
thread.sleep(nsecond);
-
}
-
catch(exception e)
-
{
-
e.printstacktrace ();
-
}
-
}
-
public static void log(string smsg)
-
{
-
system.err.println(smsg);
-
}
-
public static void log(int smsg)
-
{
-
system.err.println(smsg);
-
}
-
}
-
/*
-
**testmethod.java
-
*/
-
package netfox;
-
public class testmethod {
-
public testmethod()
-
{ ///xx/weblogic60b2_win.exe
-
try{
-
siteinfobean bean = new siteinfobean("http://localhost/xx/weblogic60b2_win.exe","l:\\temp","weblogic60b2_win.exe",5);
-
//siteinfobean bean = new siteinfobean("http://localhost:8080/down.zip","l:\\temp","weblogic60b2_win.exe",5);
-
sitefilefetch filefetch = new sitefilefetch(bean);
-
filefetch.start();
-
}
-
catch(exception e){e.printstacktrace ();}
-
}
-
public static void main(string[] args)
-
{
-
new testmethod();
-
}
-
}