Using Nginx as a load balancer_nginx.conf nginx server as load balancer-优快云博客

本文介绍了Nginx作为负载均衡器的基本配置方法，包括简单的请求分发、基于IP哈希的会话保持、服务器权重分配、故障转移及备份服务器设置等高级特性。

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Here’s a look at how nginx does basic load balancing :

upstream yoursite {
   server   yoursite1.yoursite.com;
   server   yoursite2.yoursite.com;
}

server {
   server_name www.yoursite.com;
   location / {
      proxy_pass http://yoursite;
   }
}

This configuration will send 50% of the requests for www.yoursite.com to yoursite1.yoursite.com and the other 50% to yoursite2.yoursite.com.
ip_hash

You can specify the ip_hash directive that guarantees the client request will always be transferred to the same server.
If this server is considered inoperative, then the request of this client will be transferred to another server.

upstream yoursite {
   ip_hash;
   server   yoursite1.yoursite.com;
   server   yoursite2.yoursite.com;
}

down

If one of the servers must be removed for some time, you must mark that server as down.

upstream yoursite {
   ip_hash;
   server   yoursite1.yoursite.com down;
   server   yoursite2.yoursite.com;
}

weight

If you add a weight tag onto the end of the server definition you can modify the percentages of the requests send to the servers.
When there’s no weight set, the weight is equal to one.

upstream yoursite {
   server   yoursite1.yoursite.com weight=4;
   server   yoursite2.yoursite.com;
}

This configuration will send 80% of the requests to yoursite1.yoursite.com and the other 20% to yoursite2.yoursite.com.

note: It’s not possible to combine ip_hash and weight directives.
max_fails and fail_timeout

max_fails is a directive defining the number of unsuccessful attempts in the time period defined by fail_timeout before the server is considered inoperative. If not set, the number of attempts is one. A value of 0 turns off this check.
If fail_timeout is not set the time is 10 seconds.

upstream yoursite {
   server   yoursite1.yoursite.com;
   server   yoursite2.yoursite.com max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
}

In this configuration nginx will consider yoursite2.yoursite.com as inoperative if a request fails 3 times with a 30s timeout.
backup

If the non-backup servers are all down or busy, the server(s) with the backup directive will be used.

upstream yoursite {
   server   yoursite1.yoursite.com max_fails=3;
   server   yoursite2.yoursite.com max_fails=3;
   server   yoursite3.yoursite.com backup;
}

This configuration will send 50% of the requests for www.yoursite.com to yoursite1.yoursite.com and the other 50% to yoursite2.yoursite.com.
If yoursite1.yoursite.com and yoursite2.yoursite.com both fails 3 times the requests will be send to yoursite3.yoursite.com.