分别基于IO、NIO、Netty的Java网络程序

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原创最新推荐文章于 2026-08-11 11:24:21 发布 620 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

Java网络编程进化史：从IO到NIO再到Netty Java网络编程进化史：从IO到NIO再到Netty一.基于IO、NIO、Netty的TCP聊天程序二.Web聊天室三.动态网页的信息爬取一.基于IO、NIO、Netty的TCP聊天程序一、IO与NIO 1.面向流与面向缓冲区在Java IO中读取数据和写入数据是**面向流（Stream）**的,这表示当我们从流中读取数据，写入数据时也将其写入流，流的含义在于没有缓存，就好像我们站在流水线前，所有的数据沿着流水线依次到达我们的面前，我们只能读取当前的数据。如果需要获取某个数据的前一项或后一项数据那就阅读详情

IO、NIO、Netty简单了解

一、基于IO的java网络程序

使用IDEA创建服务端程序（新建java工程）

package com.company;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //创建客户端的Socket对象(SevereSocket)
        //ServerSocket (int port)创建绑定到指定端口的服务器套接字
        ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(50000);

        //Socket accept()侦听要连接到此套接字并接受他
        Socket s=ss.accept();

        //获取输入流，读数据，并把数据显示在控制台
        InputStream is=s.getInputStream();
        byte[] bys=new byte[1024];
        int len=is.read(bys);
        String data=new String(bys,0,len);
        System.out.println("数据是："+data);

        //释放资源
        s.close();
        ss.close();
    }
}

使用IDEA创建客户端端程序（新建java工程）

package com.company;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;


public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
        //创建客户端的Socket对象
        Socket s=new Socket("127.0.0.1", 50000);

        //获取输出流，写数据
        OutputStream os=s.getOutputStream();
        os.write("hello,物联网19级".getBytes());

        //释放资源
        s.close();
    }
}

依次运行服务器和客户端代码

二、基于NIO的java网络程序

使用IDEA创建服务端程序（新建java工程）

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

public class Server {
    //网络通信IO操作，TCP协议，针对面向流的监听套接字的可选择通道（一般用于服务端）
    private ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel;
    private Selector selector;

    /*
     *开启服务端
     */
    public void start(Integer port) throws Exception {
        serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        selector = Selector.open();
        //绑定监听端口
        serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
        //设置为非阻塞模式
        serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
        //注册到Selector上
        serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
        startListener();
    }
    private void startListener() throws Exception {
        while (true) {
            // 如果客户端有请求select的方法返回值将不为零
            if (selector.select(1000) == 0) {
                System.out.println("当前没有任务！！！");
                continue;
            }
            // 如果有事件集合中就存在对应通道的key
            Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
            Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selectionKeys.iterator();
            // 遍历所有的key找到其中事件类型为Accept的key
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                SelectionKey key = iterator.next();
                if (key.isAcceptable())
                    handleConnection();
                if (key.isReadable())
                    handleMsg(key);
                iterator.remove();
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * 处理建立连接
     */
    private void handleConnection() throws Exception {
        SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
        socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
        socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ, ByteBuffer.allocate(1024));
    }
    /*
     * 接收信息
     */
    private void handleMsg(SelectionKey key) throws Exception {
        SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
        ByteBuffer attachment = (ByteBuffer) key.attachment();
        channel.read(attachment);
        System.out.println("当前信息: " + new String(attachment.array()));
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Server myServer = new Server();
        myServer.start(8887);
    }
}

使用IDEA创建客户端程序（新建java工程）

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;

public class Click {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        SocketChannel socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
        socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);

        // 连接服务器
        if (!socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8887))) {
            while (!socketChannel.finishConnect()) {
                System.out.println("connecting...");
            }
        }
        //发送数据
        String str = "hello,物联网19级";
        ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(str.getBytes());
        socketChannel.write(byteBuffer);
        System.in.read();
    }

}

依次运行

三、基于Netty的java网络程序

使用IDEA创建服务端和客户端程序（新建java工程）,导入包，两个项目都要导入，FIle->Project Structure
下载netty的jar包
搜索输入io.netty:netty-all，等待一下，时间可能有几分钟，记得勾上Download to
服务端程序

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

/**
 *
 */
public class Server {

    private int port;

    public static void main(String[] args){
        new Server(12345).start();
    }

    public Server(int port) {
        this.port = port;
    }

    public void start() {
        /**
         * 创建两个EventLoopGroup，即两个线程池，boss线程池用于接收客户端的连接，
         * 一个线程监听一个端口，一般只会监听一个端口所以只需一个线程
         * work池用于处理网络连接数据读写或者后续的业务处理（可指定另外的线程处理业务，
         * work完成数据读写）
         */
        EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        EventLoopGroup work = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            /**
             * 实例化一个服务端启动类，
             * group（）指定线程组
             * channel（）指定用于接收客户端连接的类，对应java.nio.ServerSocketChannel
             * childHandler（）设置编码解码及处理连接的类
             */
            ServerBootstrap server = new ServerBootstrap()
                    .group(boss, work).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    .localAddress(new InetSocketAddress(port))
                    .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
                    .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                            ch.pipeline()
                                    .addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder())
                                    .addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder())
                                    .addLast(new HelloWorldServerHandler());
                        }
                    });
            //绑定端口
            ChannelFuture future = server.bind().sync();
            System.out.println("server started and listen " + port);
            future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            boss.shutdownGracefully();
            work.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    public static class HelloWorldServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

        @Override
        public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("HelloWorldServerHandler active");
        }

        @Override
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("server channelRead..");
            System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress()+"->Server :"+ msg.toString());
            ctx.write("server write"+msg);
            ctx.flush();
        }
    }
}

客户端程序

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

/**
 *
 */
public class Client {
    private static final String HOST = "localhost";
    private static final int PORT= 12345;

    public static void main(String[] args){
        new Client().start(HOST, PORT);
    }

    public void start(String host, int port) {
        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            Bootstrap client = new Bootstrap().group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true).handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                            ch.pipeline()
                                    .addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder())
                                    .addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder())
                                    .addLast(new HelloWorldClientHandler());
                        }
                    });
            ChannelFuture future = client.connect(host, port).sync();
            future.channel().writeAndFlush("Hello Netty Server ,I am a netty client");
            future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            group.shutdownGracefully();

        }

    }

    public static class HelloWorldClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
        @Override
        public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("HelloWorldClientHandler Active");
        }

        @Override
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("HelloWorldClientHandler read Message:"+msg);
        }
    }
}