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Zhejiang University has 40,000 students and provides 2,500 courses. Now given the registered course list of each student, you are supposed to output the student name lists of all the courses.Input S...

The task is really simple: givenNexits on a highway which forms a simple cycle, you are supposed to tell the shortest distance between any pair of exits.Input Specification:Each input file conta...

Given a non-empty tree with rootR, and with weightW​i​​assigned to each tree nodeT​i​​. Theweight of a path fromRtoLis defined to be the sum of the weights of all the nodes along the path fro...

A linked list consists of a series of structures, which are not necessarily adjacent in memory. We assume that each structure contains an integerkeyand aNextpointer to the next structure. Now give...

Given a stack which can keepMnumbers at most. PushNnumbers in the order of 1, 2, 3, ...,Nand pop randomly. You are supposed to tell if a given sequence of numbers is a possible pop sequence of th...

Given two stringsS​1​​andS​2​​,S=S​1​​−S​2​​is defined to be the remaining string after taking all the characters inS​2​​fromS​1​​. Your task is simply to calculateS​1​​−S​2​​for any given s...

Stack is one of the most fundamental data structures, which is based on the principle of Last In First Out (LIFO). The basic operations include Push (inserting an element onto the top position) and Po...

Mice and Riceis the name of a programming contest in which each programmer must write a piece of code to control the movements of a mouse in a given map. The goal of each mouse is to eat as much rice...

Forbes magazine publishes every year its list of billionaires based on the annual ranking of the world's wealthiest people. Now you are supposed to simulate this job, but concentrate only on the peopl...

Behind the scenes in the computer's memory, color is always talked about as a series of 24 bits of information for each pixel. In an image, the color with the largest proportional area is called the d...

If a machine can save only 3 significant digits, the float numbers 12300 and 12358.9 are considered equal since they are both saved as0.123×10​5​​with simple chopping. Now given the number of signif...

Given any positive integerN, you are supposed to find all of its prime factors, and write them in the formatN=p​1​​​k​1​​​​×p​2​​​k​2​​​​×⋯×p​m​​​k​m​​​​.Input Specification:Each input file co...

If you are a fan of Harry Potter, you would know the world of magic has its own currency system -- as Hagrid explained it to Harry, "Seventeen silver Sickles to a Galleon and twenty-nine Knuts to a Si...

A Binary Search Tree (BST) is recursively defined as a binary tree which has the following properties:The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys less than the node's key. The right s...

Given two sets of integers, the similarity of the sets is defined to beN​c​​/N​t​​×100%, whereN​c​​is the number of distinct common numbers shared by the two sets, andN​t​​is the total number of ...

About 900 years ago, a Chinese philosopher Sima Guang wrote a history book in which he talked about people's talent and virtue. According to his theory, a man being outstanding in both talent and virt...

Sherlock Holmes received a note with some strange strings:Let's date! 3485djDkxh4hhGE 2984akDfkkkkggEdsb s&hgsfdk d&Hyscvnm. It took him only a minute to figure out that those strange strings...

Eva loves to collect coins from all over the universe, including some other planets like Mars. One day she visited a universal shopping mall which could accept all kinds of coins as payments. However,...

Given any permutation of the numbers {0, 1, 2,...,N−1}, it is easy to sort them in increasing order. But what ifSwap(0, *)is the ONLY operation that is allowed to use? For example, to sort {4, 0, 2...

An AVL tree is a self-balancing binary search tree. In an AVL tree, the heights of the two child subtrees of any node differ by at most one; if at any time they differ by more than one, rebalancing is...

Given three integersA,BandCin [−2​63​​,2​63​​], you are supposed to tell whetherA+B>C.Input Specification:The first line of the input gives the positive number of test cases,T(≤10). The...

A gas station has to be built at such a location that the minimum distance between the station and any of the residential housing is as far away as possible. However it must guarantee that all the hou...

People often have a preference among synonyms of the same word. For example, some may prefer "the police", while others may prefer "the cops". Analyzing such patterns can help to narrow down a speaker...

Mooncake is a Chinese bakery product traditionally eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival. Many types of fillings and crusts can be found in traditional mooncakes according to the region's culture. Now ...

For any 4-digit integer except the ones with all the digits being the same, if we sort the digits in non-increasing order first, and then in non-decreasing order, a new number can be obtained by takin...

Weibo is known as the Chinese version of Twitter. One user on Weibo may have many followers, and may follow many other users as well. Hence a social network is formed with followers relations. When a ...

The ranklist of PAT is generated from the status list, which shows the scores of the submissions. This time you are supposed to generate the ranklist for PAT.Input Specification:Each input file co...

Given a constantKand a singly linked listL, you are supposed to reverse the links of everyKelements onL. For example, givenLbeing 1→2→3→4→5→6, ifK=3, then you must output 3→2→1→6→5→4; ifK=4, ...

Scientific notation is the way that scientists easily handle very large numbers or very small numbers. The notation matches the regular expression [+-][1-9].[0-9]+E[+-][0-9]+ which means that the inte...

It is said that in 2011, there are about 100 graduate schools ready to proceed over 40,000 applications in Zhejiang Province. It would help a lot if you could write a program to automate the admission...

A supply chain is a network of retailers（零售商）, distributors（经销商）, and suppliers（供应商）-- everyone involved in moving a product from supplier to customer.Starting from one root supplier, everyone on th...

The task of this problem is simple: insert a sequence of distinct positive integers into a hash table, and output the positions of the input numbers. The hash function is defined to beH(key)=key%TSiz...

The Japanese language is notorious for its sentence ending particles. Personal preference of such particles can be considered as a reflection of the speaker's personality. Such a preference is called ...

Given a list ofNstudent records with name, ID and grade. You are supposed to sort the records with respect to the grade in non-increasing order, and output those student records of which the grades ...

Given an integer with no more than 9 digits, you are supposed to read it in the traditional Chinese way. OutputFufirst if it is negative. For example, -123456789 is read asFu yi Yi er Qian san Bai ...

GivenNrational numbers in the formnumerator/denominator, you are supposed to calculate their sum.Input Specification:Each input file contains one test case. Each case starts with a positive int...

Indeed there are many different tourist routes from our city to Rome. You are supposed to find your clients the route with the least cost while gaining the most happiness.Input Specification:Each ...

An inorder binary tree traversal can be implemented in a non-recursive way with a stack. For example, suppose that when a 6-node binary tree (with the keys numbered from 1 to 6) is traversed, the stac...

Given a sequence of positive integers and another positive integerp. The sequence is said to be aperfect sequenceifM≤m×pwhereMandmare the maximum and minimum numbers in the sequence, respecti...

On a broken keyboard, some of the keys are worn out. So when you type some sentences, the characters corresponding to those keys will not appear on screen.Now given a string that you are supposed to...