Elasticsearch学习笔记(二) 重要的Query DSL

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-24 17:24:11 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-24 17:24:11 发布

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博客围绕数据查询展开，介绍了准备数据后，多种查询方式，如查询部分字段、match、match_phrase等，还阐述了must、should、must_not等条件的使用，以及组合多查询的SQL表示，最后提到不影响评分的filter的用法。

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0. 准备好数据

"hits": [
      {
        "_index": "pigg",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "name": "盐城冬冬",
          "age": 30,
          "hometown": "盐城",
          "gender": "male",
          "interesting": "watching TV"
        },
        "sort": [
          "1"
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index": "pigg",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "name": "珣爷",
          "age": 28,
          "hometown": "徐州",
          "gender": "female",
          "interesting": "watching movie"
        },
        "sort": [
          "2"
        ]
      },
      {
        "_index": "pigg",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": null,
        "_source": {
          "name": "米可",
          "age": 1,
          "hometown": "苏州",
          "gender": "female"
        },
        "sort": [
          "3"
        ]
      }
    ]

1. 查询部分字段

GET /pigg/_search
{
  "_source": ["name", "age"]
}

2. match

#查询interesting匹配"watching TV"
GET /pigg/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "interesting": "watching  TV"
    }
  }
}

返回如下:

"hits": [
      {
        "_index": "pigg",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.5753642,
        "_source": {
          "name": "盐城冬冬",
          "age": 30,
          "hometown": "盐城",
          "gender": "male",
          "interesting": "watching TV"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "pigg",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "name": "珣爷",
          "age": 28,
          "hometown": "徐州",
          "gender": "female",
          "interesting": "watching movie"
        }
      }
    ]

看到结果也返回了"interesting"= "watching movie"的数据, 其中id=1的_score要比id=2的要高,
这个说明是匹配的程度,id=1的要比id=2的更加匹配

#查询interesting匹配"TV"或者"moive"
GET /pigg/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "interesting": "TV movie"
    }
  }
}

返回结构如下:

"hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 0.2876821,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "pigg",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "name": "珣爷",
          "age": 28,
          "hometown": "徐州",
          "gender": "femal",
          "interesting": "watching movie"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "pigg",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "name": "盐城冬冬",
          "age": 30,
          "hometown": "盐城",
          "gender": "male",
          "interesting": "watching TV"
        }
      }
    ]

上面结果命中了2个人, "_score"都是0.2876821,说明匹配度两者相同

#查询age=30的
GET /pigg/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "age": 30
    }
  }
}

3. match_phrase

#短语查询,这个会将"watching TV"作为一个短语去进行匹配查询
GET /pigg/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "interesting": "watching TV"
    }
  }
}

返回结果如下:

"hits": [
      {
        "_index": "pigg",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.5753642,
        "_source": {
          "name": "盐城冬冬",
          "age": 30,
          "hometown": "盐城",
          "gender": "male",
          "interesting": "watching TV"
        }
      }
    ]

4.must

查询interesting匹配"watching TV",并且gender匹配"female"

GET /pigg/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        { "match": { "interesting": "watching TV" }},
        { "match": {"gender": "female" }}
      ]
    }
  }
}

返回结果如下:

    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "pigg",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.5753642,
        "_source": {
          "name": "珣爷",
          "age": 28,
          "hometown": "徐州",
          "gender": "female",
          "interesting": "watching movie"
        }
      }
    ]

{ “match”: { “interesting”: “watching TV” }}这条件语句能返回id=1或2的数据
{ “match”: {“gender”: “female” }}这条件语句能返回id=2或3的数据
这两条语句是且的关系,所有最后返回id=2的数据

5. should

5.1查询interesting匹配"watching mobile",或gender匹配"female"

#查询interesting匹配"watching mobile",或gender匹配"female"
GET /pigg/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        { "match": { "interesting": "watching mobile" }},
        { "match": {"gender": "female" }}
      ]
    }
  }
}

返回结果如下:

"hits": [
      {
        "_index": "pigg",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.5753642,
        "_source": {
          "name": "珣爷",
          "age": 28,
          "hometown": "徐州",
          "gender": "female",
          "interesting": "watching movie"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "pigg",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "name": "盐城冬冬",
          "age": 30,
          "hometown": "盐城",
          "gender": "male",
          "interesting": "watching TV"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "pigg",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "name": "米可",
          "age": 1,
          "hometown": "苏州",
          "gender": "female"
        }
      }
    ]

从上面结果看,id=2的数据匹配得分最高,另外两个匹配度相同
注意这次查询的是"watching mobile",不是"watching TV"

5.2 minimum_should_match

这个是指或的条件,必须满足多少条,下面的minimum_should_match=2,所以一条都查不到

GET /pigg/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "range": {
            "age": {
              "gte": 0,
              "lte": 3
            }
          }
        },
        {
         "match": { "hometown.keyword": "徐州" }
        }
      ],
      "minimum_should_match": 2
    }
  }
}

6. must_not

查询interesting不匹配 “watching TV”,
并且
gender不匹配 “female”

GET /pigg/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must_not": [
        { "match": {"interesting": "watching movie"} },
        { "match": {"gender": "female"} }
      ]
    }
  }
}

查询结果是空的,没有匹配的数据

7. 组合多查询

用SQL表示如下
where gender != ‘male’ and ( (age >= 0 and age <= 3) or hometown = ‘徐州’ )

GET /pigg/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must_not": [
        {
          "match": {
            "gender": "male"
          }
        }
      ],
      "should": [
        {
          "range": {
            "age": {
              "gte": 0,
              "lte": 3
            }
          }
        },
        {
         "match": {
           "hometown.keyword": "徐州"
         }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

返回结果如下:

"hits": [
      {
        "_index": "pigg",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "米可",
          "age": 1,
          "hometown": "苏州",
          "gender": "female"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "pigg",
        "_type": "_doc",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.2876821,
        "_source": {
          "name": "珣爷",
          "age": 28,
          "hometown": "徐州",
          "gender": "female",
          "interesting": "watching movie"
        }
      }
    ]

8.不影响评分的filter

如果不希望age的比较影响评分,可以放到filter里

GET /pigg/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {"interesting": "watching TV"}
        }
      ], 
      "filter": {
        "range": {
          "age": {
            "gte": 10,
            "lte": 29
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

---------------------
作者：盐城三爷
来源：优快云
原文：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/winterking3/article/details/82896738
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请附上博文链接！