Oracle11g静默安装Linux(centos7)_oracle 11g silent mode installation on linux-优快云博客

本文详细介绍了如何在CentOS7环境下进行Oracle11gR2的静默安装，包括环境配置、依赖安装、用户和目录准备、内核参数调整、透明大页禁用、Oracle安装配置、监听程序配置、数据库静默创建、环境变量配置、启动脚本修改等步骤。

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centos7静默安装oracle11gR2，安装前需要确定硬件是否支持。因为是静默安装，所以我们不需要安装图形界面。

环境要求

内存要求

内存最小1G，推荐2G或者更高

swap分区查看

先用命令查看自己的swap多大 -> free -m ,没有设置分区的话需要设置一下。

dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap bs=1024 count=2048000
mkswap /swap
chmod 600 /swap
swapon /swap
echo "/swap swap swap default 0 0">>/etc/fstab  #设置成自动挂载

下载Oracle

下载文件需要注册oracle账户，从浏览器的下载点下载软件。官方网站：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/ 根据自己服务器配置，下载相应的软件，我的系统是64位的，所以下载的是 Linux x86-64的，下载完的两个文件如下：

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

环境配置

Java JDK 安装

yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk*
安装结果： 
java -version 
openjdk version "1.8.0_212"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_212-b04)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.212-b04, mixed mode)

配置hostname

hostnamectl set-hostname oracledb
echo "10.1.1.5     oracledb" >>/etc/hosts

关闭selinux

sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config  
setenforce 0

检查软件依赖环境

注意：从Oracle 11g 11.2.0.2版本开始，在Linux x86_64上安装时，只需要安装64位的软件包，但是，对于11.2.0.2之前的任何Oracle database 11g,下表中列出的32位和64位的安装包都必须安装，需要安装的依赖包(版本号只能大于规定的版本，不能小于)

# 检查软件依赖环境
rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"
# 安装依赖
yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

创建所需的操作系统组和用户

Oracle inventory组(通常为 oinstall)，OSDBA组 (通常为 dba)，OSOPER组 (通常为 oper)，Oracle软件所有者(通常为 oracle)

#添加
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
# 修改密码
passwd oracle

配置内核参数和资源限制

在/etc/sysctl.conf添加如下参数，如果系统中某个参数高于下面的参数的值，保留较大的值,下面的数值只是官方要求的最小值，可以根据系统调整数值，以优化系统性能

# 调整内容
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
# 使内核参数生效
sysctl -p
# 在/etc/security/limits.conf中添加如下参数
oracle              soft    nproc   2047
oracle              hard    nproc   16384
oracle              soft    nofile  1024
oracle              hard    nofile  65536
# 在/etc/pam.d/login文件中，添加下面内容
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
# /etc/profile 文件中添加如下内容
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
   if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
       ulimit -p 16384
       ulimit -n 65536
    else
       ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
   fi
fi
# 使/etc/profile文件生效
source /etc/profile

禁用使用Transparent HugePages

Transparent HugePages(启用Transparent HugePages,可能会导致造成内存在运行时的延迟分配，Oracle官方建议使用标准的HugePages)

# 查看是否启用 如果显示 [always]说明启用了
cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
# 禁用Transparent HugePages,在/etc/grub.conf添加如下内容
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

重新启动系统以使更改成为永久更改。

ORACLE 安装配置

创建oracle安装目录

# 程序目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/app/
# 其他子目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/app/oracle
mkdir -p /usr/local/app/etc
mkdir -p /usr/local/app/oracle/product
mkdir -p /usr/local/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
mkdir -p /usr/local/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
mkdir -p /usr/local/app/oracle/inventory
mkdir -p /usr/local/app/oracle/oradata

# 改变组和权限
chown -R oracle:oinstall /usr/local/app/
chmod -R 775 /usr/local/app/

解压文件改配置

unzip -q linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /home/software/
unzip -q linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /home/software/
cp /home/software/database/response/* /usr/local/app/etc
# 在/usr/local/app/etc/db_install.rsp修改以下变量的值
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/usr/local/app/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracledb
ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba

开始安装

# 安装
su - oracle
cd /home/software/database/
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /usr/local/app/etc/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
# 安装过程日志查看
tail -f /usr/local/app/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2019-06-02_06-03-30PM.log
# 如果有类似如下提示，说明安装完成
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user. 
#!/bin/sh 
#Root scripts to run
/usr/local/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/usr/local/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window 
2. Log in as "root" 
3. Run the scripts 
4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.

用户环境变量配置

文件/home/oracle/.bash_profile里添加下面内容(具体值根据实际情况修改)

umask 022
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracledb
export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/local/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH
export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US"
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"

使用root用户执行脚本

su - root
sh /usr/local/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
sh /usr/local/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh

配置监听程序

# 
su - oracle
netca /silent /responsefile /usr/local/app/etc/netca.rsp
# 输出
Parsing command line arguments:
    Parameter "silent" = true
    Parameter "responsefile" = /usr/local/app/etc/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
    Running Listener Control:
      /usr/local/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    Listener Control complete.
    Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
# 查看监听端口
netstat -tnpl | grep 1521

静默创建数据库

# 修改文件
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/usr/local/app/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/usr/local/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
TOTALMEMORY = "1638"
# 执行静默建库
su - oracle
dbca -silent -responseFile /usr/local/app/etc/dbca.rsp
# 等待执行结果
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
# 查看进程
ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
# 监听状态
 lsnrctl status

启动连接

su - oracle
sqlplus / as sysdba
select status from v$instance;
# 报错的解决方式
SQL>statup
SQL>startup
# 解决方式
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ find /usr/local/app/oracle/ -name *init.ora*
/usr/local/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/init.ora
/usr/local/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/srvm/admin/init.ora
/usr/local/app/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.522019234840
# 
cp /usr/local/app/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.522019234840  /usr/local/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/initORCL.ora
# 查看数据库版本
select * from v$version

激活scott用户

激活scott用户
alter user scott account unlock;
alter user scott identified by tiger;
select username,account_status from dba_users;

设置Oracle开机启动

# 修改/usr/local/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
# 修改/usr/local/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
# vi /etc/oratab
orcl:/usr/local/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y
新建文件/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
#! /bin/bash
# oracle: Start/Stop Oracle Database 11g R2
#
# chkconfig: 345 90 10
# description: The Oracle Database is an Object-Relational Database Management System.
#
# processname: oracle
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
LOCKFILE=/var/lock/subsys/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_USER=oracle
case "$1" in
'start')
   if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
      echo $0 already running.
      exit 1
   fi
   echo -n $"Starting Oracle Database:"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
   touch $LOCKFILE
   ;;
'stop')
   if [ ! -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
      echo $0 already stopping.
      exit 1
   fi
   echo -n $"Stopping Oracle Database:"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
   rm -f $LOCKFILE
   ;;
'restart')
   $0 stop
   $0 start
   ;;
'status')
   if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
      echo $0 started.
      else
      echo $0 stopped.
   fi
   ;;
*)
   echo "Usage: $0 [start|stop|status]"
   exit 1
esac
exit 0
# 给/etc/init.d/oracle添加执行权限
chmod +x /etc/init.d/oracle
# 开机启动oracle
systemctl enable oracle
或
chkconfig oracle on
给启动文件加权限
cd /usr/local/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/
chmod 6751 oracle
cd /var/tmp
chown -R oracle:oinstall .oracle
# 防火墙配置放开Oracle的端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

配置ORACLE远程连接

# 需要配置的文件如下
-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall 731 Jun  3 04:29 listener.ora
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall  61 Jun  2 23:14 samples
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 187 May  7  2007 shrept.lst
-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall 265 Jun  3 05:33 sqlnet.ora
-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall 325 Jun  3 04:18 tnsnames.ora
# listener.ora 
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.1.5 )(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER=
  (SID_LIST=
      (SID_DESC=
                 #BEQUEATH CONFIG
         (GLOBAL_DBNAME=orcl)
         (SID_NAME=orcl)
         (ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/app/oracle/product/11.2.0)
                      #PRESPAWN CONFIG
        (PRESPAWN_MAX=20)
        (PRESPAWN_LIST=
          (PRESPAWN_DESC=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(POOL_SIZE=2)(TIMEOUT=1))
                )
     )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /usr/local/app/oracle
# tnsnames.ora
ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.1.5 )(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

数据库启动及状态查看

# 启动后挂载open 状态查看
SQL>startup mount;
SQL>alter database open;
SQL>shutdown immediate #关闭
SQL>select status from v$instance;--查看数据库状态
# 监听状态查看/启动/关闭
lsnrctl status/start/stop
# SQLPlus 登陆
sqlplus / nolog 
connect / as sysdba