NotificationManager和Notification的使用总结

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//创建一个NotificationManager的引用

String ns = Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE;

NotificationManager mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(ns);

//定义Notification的各种属性

int icon = R.drawable.icon; //通知图标

CharSequence tickerText = "Hello"; //状态栏显示的通知文本提示

long when = System.currentTimeMillis(); //通知产生的时间，会在通知信息里显示

//用上面的属性初始化Nofification

Notification notification = new Notification(icon,tickerText,when);

/*

* 添加声音

* notification.defaults |=Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND;

* 或者使用以下几种方式

* notification.sound = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/notification/ringer.mp3");

* notification.sound = Uri.withAppendedPath(Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "6");

* 如果想要让声音持续重复直到用户对通知做出反应，则可以在notification的flags字段增加"FLAG_INSISTENT"

* 如果notification的defaults字段包括了"DEFAULT_SOUND"属性，则这个属性将覆盖sound字段中定义的声音

*/

/*

* 添加振动

* notification.defaults |= Notification.DEFAULT_VIBRATE;

* 或者可以定义自己的振动模式：

* long[] vibrate = {0,100,200,300}; //0毫秒后开始振动，振动100毫秒后停止，再过200毫秒后再次振动300毫秒

* notification.vibrate = vibrate;

* long数组可以定义成想要的任何长度

* 如果notification的defaults字段包括了"DEFAULT_VIBRATE",则这个属性将覆盖vibrate字段中定义的振动

*/

/*

* 添加LED灯提醒

* notification.defaults |= Notification.DEFAULT_LIGHTS;

* 或者可以自己的LED提醒模式:

* notification.ledARGB = 0xff00ff00;

* notification.ledOnMS = 300; //亮的时间

* notification.ledOffMS = 1000; //灭的时间

* notification.flags |= Notification.FLAG_SHOW_LIGHTS;

*/

/*

* 更多的特征属性

* notification.flags |= FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL; //在通知栏上点击此通知后自动清除此通知

* notification.flags |= FLAG_INSISTENT; //重复发出声音，直到用户响应此通知

* notification.flags |= FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT; //将此通知放到通知栏的"Ongoing"即"正在运行"组中

* notification.flags |= FLAG_NO_CLEAR; //表明在点击了通知栏中的"清除通知"后，此通知不清除，

* //经常与FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT一起使用

* notification.number = 1; //number字段表示此通知代表的当前事件数量，它将覆盖在状态栏图标的顶部

* //如果要使用此字段，必须从1开始

* notification.iconLevel = ; //

*/

//设置通知的事件消息

Context context = getApplicationContext(); //上下文

CharSequence contentTitle = "My Notification"; //通知栏标题

CharSequence contentText = "Hello World!"; //通知栏内容

Intent notificationIntent = new Intent(this,Main.class); //点击该通知后要跳转的Activity

PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this,0,notificationIntent,0);

notification.setLatestEventInfo(context, contentTitle, contentText, contentIntent);

//把Notification传递给NotificationManager

mNotificationManager.notify(0,notification);



如果想要更新一个通知，只需要在设置好notification之后，再次调用 setLatestEventInfo(),然后重新发送一次通知即可，即再次调用notify()。

(2)、使用自定义的Notification
要创建一个自定义的Notification，可以使用RemoteViews。要定义自己的扩展消息，首先要初始化一个RemoteViews对象，然后将它传递给Notification的contentView字段，再把PendingIntent传递给contentIntent字段。以下示例代码是完整步骤： //1、创建一个自定义的消息布局 view.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent">

<ImageView android:id="@+id/image" android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:layout_marginRight="10dp" />

<TextView android:id="@+id/text" android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:textColor="#000" />

</LinearLayout>

//2、在程序代码中使用RemoteViews的方法来定义image和text。然后把RemoteViews对象传到contentView字段

RemoteViews contentView = new RemoteViews(getPackageName(),R.layout.view);

contentView.setImageViewResource(R.id.image,R.drawable.icon);

contentView.setTextViewText(R.id.text,”Hello,this message is in a custom expanded view”);

notification.contentView = contentView;

//3、为Notification的contentIntent字段定义一个Intent(注意，使用自定义View不需要setLatestEventInfo()方法)

Intent notificationIntent = new Intent(this,Main.class);

PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this,0,notificationIntent,0);

notification.contentIntent = contentIntent;

//4、发送通知

mNotificationManager.notify(2,notification);

//以下是全部示例代码

//创建一个NotificationManager的引用

String ns = Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE;

NotificationManager mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(ns);

//定义Notification的各种属性

int icon = R.drawable.icon; //通知图标

CharSequence tickerText = "Hello"; //状态栏显示的通知文本提示

long when = System.currentTimeMillis(); //通知产生的时间，会在通知信息里显示

//用上面的属性初始化Nofification

Notification notification = new Notification(icon,tickerText,when);

RemoteViews contentView = new RemoteViews(getPackageName(),R.layout.view);

contentView.setImageViewResource(R.id.image, R.drawable.iconempty);

contentView.setTextViewText(R.id.text, "Hello,this is JC");

notification.contentView = contentView;

Intent notificationIntent = new Intent(this,Main.class);

PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this,0,notificationIntent,0);

notification.contentIntent = contentIntent;

//把Notification传递给NotificationManager

mNotificationManager.notify(0,notification);



PendingIntent是一个Intent的描述、包装，给予了这个PendingIntent 的组件在指定的事件发生或指定的时间到达时启动Activty、Service或者Broadcast。

根据是要启动Activity、Service还是Broadcast分别对应一个获取PendingIntent的方法



public static PendingIntent getActivity(Context context, int requestCode,
            Intent intent, int flags)

requestCode,
            Intent intent, int flags)

public static PendingIntent getService(Context context, int requestCode,
            Intent intent, int flags)


三个函数的参数都相同，其中最后一个参数flags在文档中是这样解析的：


flags：  May be FLAG_ONE_SHOT,LAG_NO_CREATE,LAG_CANCEL_CURRENT, FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT, or any of the flags as  supported by Intent.fillIn() to control which unspecified parts of the intent that can be supplied when the actual send happens.

目前为止只提供FLAG_ONE_SHOT, FLAG_NO_CREATE, FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT, FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT这四个flag


FLAG_ONE_SHOT:this PendingIntent can only be used once. If set, after send() is called on it, it will be automatically canceled for you and any future attempt to send through it will fail.


FLAG_NO_CREATE:if the described PendingIntent does not already exist, then simply return null instead of creating it.


FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT:if the described PendingIntent already exists, the current one is canceled before generating a new one. You can use this to retrieve a new PendingIntent when you are only changing the extra data in the Intent; by canceling the previous pending intent, this ensures that only entities given the new data will be able to launch it. If this assurance is not an issue, consider FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT.


FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT: if the described PendingIntent already exists, then keep it but its replace its extra data with what is in this new Intent. This can be used if you are creating intents where only the extras change, and don't care that any entities that received your previous PendingIntent will be able to launch it with your new extras even if they are not explicitly given to it.


上面4个flag中最经常使用的是PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT，因为描述的Intent有更新的时候需要用到这个flag去更新你的描述，否则组件在下次事件发生或时间到达的时候extras永远是第一次Intent的extras。使用FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT也能做到更新extras，只不过是先把前面的extras清除，另外FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT和FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT的区别在于能否新new一个Intent，FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT能够新new一个Intent，而FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT则不能，只能使用第一次的Intent。

另外两flag就比较少用，利用FLAG_ONE_SHOT获取的PendingIntent只能使用一次，即使再次利用上面三个方法重新获取，再使用PendingIntent也将失败，利用FLAG_NO_CREAT获取的PendingIntent若描述的Intent不存在则返回NULL值.