基于狂神说Doker安装和基础命令部分的总结笔记

Doker安装步骤

Docker安装

# 1、卸载旧的版本
 yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine
 
# 2、需要的安装包
yum install -y yum-utils
 
# 3、设置镜像仓库
yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #默认国外路径需要改成国内路径
    
yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #阿里云镜像仓库的地址
# 需要更新yum软件包索引
yum makecache fast
 
# 4、安装Doker docker-ce 社区版 ee 企业版
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

# 5、启动dokcer
systemctl start docker

# 6、使用docker version查看是否安装成功

# 7、hello-world
docker run hello-world

# 8、查看一下下载的这个 hello-world 镜像
[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   8 weeks ago   13.3kB

Docker卸载

# 1、 卸载依赖
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 2、删除资源
rm -rf /var/lib/docker

# /var/lib/docker docker的默认工作路径

阿里云云镜像加速

1、登录阿里云找到容器服务

2、找到镜像地址

3、配置使用

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker

sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://fm608g15.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl restart docker

---

Docker的常用命令

帮助命令

docker version     # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info 	   # 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help  # 帮助命令

帮助文档的地址路径:https://docs.docker.com/reference/

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地主机上的镜像

[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   8 weeks ago   13.3kB

# 解释
REPOSITORY	镜像的仓库源
TAG			镜像的标签
IMAGE ID	镜像的id
CREATED		镜像创建时间
SIZE		镜像的大小

# 可选项
  -a, --all             # 列出所有镜像
  -q, --quiet           # 只显示镜像的id 

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11706     [OK]       
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4457      [OK]   

# 可选项，通过收藏来过滤
 --filter=STARS=3000	搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
 [root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11706     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4457      [OK]       
[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11706     [OK]       
[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# 

docker pull 下载镜像

[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a10c77af2613: Pull complete 
b76a7eb51ffd: Pull complete 
258223f927e4: Pull complete 
2d2c75386df9: Pull complete 
63e92e4046c9: Pull complete 
f5845c731544: Pull complete 
bd0401123a9b: Pull complete 
3ef07ec35f1a: Pull complete 
c93a31315089: Pull complete 
3349ed800d44: Pull complete 
6d01857ca4c1: Pull complete 
4cc13890eda8: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:aeecae58035f3868bf4f00e5fc623630d8b438db9d05f4d8c6538deb14d4c31b
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest

#指定版本下载
[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a10c77af2613: Already exists 
b76a7eb51ffd: Already exists 
258223f927e4: Already exists 
2d2c75386df9: Already exists 
63e92e4046c9: Already exists 
f5845c731544: Already exists 
bd0401123a9b: Already exists 
2724b2da64fd: Pull complete 
d10a7e9e325c: Pull complete 
1c5fd9c3683d: Pull complete 
2e35f83a12e9: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:7a3a7b7a29e6fbff433c339fc52245435fa2c308586481f2f92ab1df239d6a29
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi 删除镜像！

[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# docker rmi -f 容器id	#删除指定容器
[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id 容器id	#删除多个容器
[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)	#删除全部的容器

容器命令

说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器,linux,下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

docker pull centos

# 参数说明
--name="Name"		容器名字 tomcat1 tomcat2 用来区分容器
-d					后台方式运行
-it					使用交互方式运行，进去容器查看内容
-p					指定容器的端口 -p	8080:8080
	-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
	-p 主机端口:容器端口 （常用）
	-p 容器端口
	容器端口
-P					随机指定端口


# 测试，启动并进入容器
[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@d8143c993f5e /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

exit 退出容器
[root@d8143c993f5e /]# exit
exit
[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# ls
alternatives  containerd  docker     iscsi      NetworkManager  polkit-1   rpm-state  setroubleshoot  tuned
authselect    dbus        games      logrotate  os-prober       portables  rsyslog    sss             unbound
chrony        dhclient    initramfs  misc       PackageKit      private    samba      systemd         up2date
cloud         dnf         insights   mlocate    plymouth        rpm        selinux    tpm             xfsdump

列出所有的运行的容器

# docker ps 命令
	# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a  # 列出当前正在运行的容器+历史运行过的容器
-n=?  # 显示最近创建的容器
-q  # 只显示容器的编号

[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
d8143c993f5e   centos         "/bin/bash"   2 minutes ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago             modest_liskov
4aef688461df   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      2 hours ago     Exited (0) 2 hours ago                    frosty_tereshkova
[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# 

退出容器

exit	# 直接容器停止并退出
ctrl + P + Q # 容器不停止退出

删除容器

docker rm 容器id                 # 删除指定的容器不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)   # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有的内容

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id		# 启动容器
docker restart 容器id		# 重启容器
docker stop 容器id		# 停止容器
docker kill 容器id		# 强制停止当前容器

常用的其他命令

后台启动容器

# 命令 docker run -d 容器名
[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# docker run -d centos

# 问题docker ps. 发现 centos 停止了

# 常见的坑；docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

查看日志

docker logs -t -f --tail 容器

# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do each me;sleep 1;done"

# [root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE   
b4048427b297   centos 

# 显示日志
 -tf			# 显示日志
 --tail number  # 要显示日志条数
 [root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 b4048427b297

查看容器中进程信息 ps

# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# docker top b4048427b297
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                495572              495551              0                   19:50               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do each me;sleep 1;done
root                505345              495572              0                   19:55               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

查看镜像的元数据

# 命令
docker inspect 容器id

# 测试
[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# docker inspect b4048427b297
[
    {
        "Id": "b4048427b297318458162755b3528ac7a3cc2c82d9b0347e5c4a1aa252b49300",
        "Created": "2021-11-19T11:50:47.149544878Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do each me;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 495572,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-11-19T11:50:47.462833371Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b4048427b297318458162755b3528ac7a3cc2c82d9b0347e5c4a1aa252b49300/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b4048427b297318458162755b3528ac7a3cc2c82d9b0347e5c4a1aa252b49300/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b4048427b297318458162755b3528ac7a3cc2c82d9b0347e5c4a1aa252b49300/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b4048427b297318458162755b3528ac7a3cc2c82d9b0347e5c4a1aa252b49300/b4048427b297318458162755b3528ac7a3cc2c82d9b0347e5c4a1aa252b49300-json.log",
        "Name": "/dazzling_lovelace",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b57637bf6b17727f841b7af7fc6e5e16d55bf3150ae209c750ad8110a6c8f73d-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9fe6231bc59fd20b1c8c54ebdb3409213102fac70ce61b67432da49a05ae05a1/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b57637bf6b17727f841b7af7fc6e5e16d55bf3150ae209c750ad8110a6c8f73d/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b57637bf6b17727f841b7af7fc6e5e16d55bf3150ae209c750ad8110a6c8f73d/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b57637bf6b17727f841b7af7fc6e5e16d55bf3150ae209c750ad8110a6c8f73d/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "b4048427b297",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do each me;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "80f08f14cd170c3e9d3a62af3d10da2d0e296ea53b5327cbfded0188dd7b1c01",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/80f08f14cd17",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "aa84cb429738b980b7593581e6a97a57a88b9ec73ca18928fbec9854ed595358",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "322ddb9eb0cb5ccd8ae0dbdce1def54df1e62111ee648029840046baebb13cec",
                    "EndpointID": "aa84cb429738b980b7593581e6a97a57a88b9ec73ca18928fbec9854ed595358",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
[root@VM-16-16-centos lib]# 

进入当前正在运行的容器

 # 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
 
 # 命令
 docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
 
 # 测试
 [root@VM-16-16-centos ~]# docker exec -it b4048427b297
"docker exec" requires at least 2 arguments.
See 'docker exec --help'.

Usage:  docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]

Run a command in a running container
[root@VM-16-16-centos ~]# docker exec -it b4048427b297 /bin/bash
[root@b4048427b297 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@b4048427b297 /]# ps -ef
UID          PID    PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root           1       0  0 Nov19 ?        00:00:38 /bin/sh -c while true;do each me;sleep 1;done
root      154085       0  0 09:17 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root      154113       1  0 09:17 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root      154114  154085  0 09:17 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@b4048427b297 /]# 


# 方法二
docker attach 容器id

# 测试
[root@VM-16-16-centos ~]# docker attach b4048427b297
正在执行当前的代码


# docker exec		# 进入容器开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
# docker attach		# 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程！

从容器内拷贝文件到主机

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的的主机路径

原视频地址：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0