The difference between "malloc" and "new"

本文通过两个示例展示了如何使用 C++ 进行内存分配,并利用 VirtualQuery 函数获取已分配内存区域的信息。具体包括基地址、分配基址、保护属性等关键参数。

 

 

import random general_questions = [ "What is the capital of France?", "How do I install Python on Windows?", "What is machine learning?", "What does HTTP stand for?", "How can I create a virtual environment in Python?" ] cpp_questions = [ "Explain inheritance in C++.", "What is the difference between stack and heap memory?", "How do you declare a constant variable in C++?", "What is a virtual function in C++?", "What is the purpose of the 'new' operator in C++?" ] answers = { general_questions[0]: "The capital of France is Paris.", general_questions[1]: "To install Python on Windows, download the installer from python.org and run it. Make sure to check the box that says 'Add Python to PATH' during installation.", general_questions[2]: "Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that involves training algorithms to make predictions or decisions based on data.", general_questions[3]: "HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol, which is used for transmitting web pages over the internet.", general_questions[4]: "You can create a virtual environment using the command 'python -m venv env_name' followed by activating it with 'source env_name/bin/activate' on Unix or 'env_name\\Scripts\\activate' on Windows.", cpp_questions[0]: "Inheritance in C++ allows a class (called a derived or child class) to inherit properties and methods from another class (known as the base or parent class)[^2].", cpp_questions[1]: "Stack memory is automatically managed by the system, while heap memory requires manual allocation and deallocation using functions like malloc() or new. Stack is faster but limited in size, whereas heap is larger but slower to access.", cpp_questions[2]: "You can use the const keyword before the data type when declaring a variable, for example: const int value = 10;", cpp_questions[3]: "A virtual function is a member function in a base class that is expected to be redefined in derived classes. It enables dynamic dispatch through pointers or references to the base class.", cpp_questions[4]: "The 'new' operator is used to dynamically allocate memory on the heap for an object or array and returns a pointer to the allocated memory." } with open("cplus_faq_5000_pairs.txt", "w") as f: for i in range(5000): q_type = random.choice(["general", "cpp"]) if q_type == "general": question = random.choice(general_questions) else: question = random.choice(cpp_questions) answer = answers[question] f.write(f"{question}|{answer}\n")转话为c++
07-12
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