OpenStack-FlatDHCP(multi_host)实施方案

服务器规划:
控制节点:eth0 : 10.10.128.11 , eth2: 10.10.64.11
计算节点:eth2 : 10.10.128.12 , eth4:10.10.64.12
计算节点:eth2 : 10.10.128.13 , eth4:10.10.64.13

网段规划:
公网:163.167.28.70
内网:10.10.128.0/24
私网:10.10.64.0/24
虚拟机网段:10.11.11.0/24

操作系统:
Linux:ubuntu-12.04.1-server-amd64

服务:

root@ubuntu-11:~# nova-manage service list
Binary Host Zone Status State Updated_At
nova-scheduler ubuntu-11 nova enabled :-) 2012-11-20 03:54:48
nova-consoleauth ubuntu-11 nova enabled :-) 2012-11-20 03:54:47
nova-compute ubuntu-13 nova enabled :-) 2012-11-20 03:54:50
nova-network ubuntu-13 nova enabled :-) 2012-11-20 03:54:43
nova-cert ubuntu-11 nova enabled :-) 2012-11-20 03:54:46
nova-compute ubuntu-12 nova enabled :-) 2012-11-20 03:54:43
nova-network ubuntu-12 nova enabled :-) 2012-11-20 03:54:50


[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0076/8427/458c940c-00ea-3f5c-8f14-a81c2eae2a72.jpg[/img]

一、安装OpenStack的控制节点
1、开启root权限

sudo passwd root
设置新密码

2、网卡设置

# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.10.128.11
netmask 255.255.128.0
network 10.10.128.0
broadcast 10.10.255.255
gateway 10.10.128.254
# dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed
dns-nameservers 10.10.128.254

auto eth2
iface eth2 inet static
address 10.10.64.11
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 10.10.64.0

重启网络:

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

3、Install Base OS & bridge-utils

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install bridge-utils

4、设置NTP Server
sudo apt-get install ntp

修改/etc/ntp.conf

server ntp.ubuntu.com
server 127.127.1.0
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10

重启NTP服务

sudo service ntp restart

5、Install mysql-server and python-mysqldb package

sudo apt-get install mysql-server python-mysqldb
密码为: mygreatsecret

修改/etc/mysql/my.cnf
bind-address = 0.0.0.0  

重启mysql

sudo restart mysql

Create MySQL databases to be used with nova, glance and keystone.
以下脚本粘贴到doMysql.sh,修改权限chmod +x doMsql.sh后执行,按提示输入主机名字。

#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter HostName(For example: computer-node1):" HOSTNAME
echo "hostname is :$HOSTNAME"

sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e 'CREATE DATABASE nova;'
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e 'CREATE USER novadbadmin;'
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'novadbadmin'@'%';"
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e "SET PASSWORD FOR 'novadbadmin'@'%' = PASSWORD('novasecret');"
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e 'CREATE DATABASE glance;'
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e 'CREATE USER glancedbadmin;'
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glancedbadmin'@'%';"
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e "SET PASSWORD FOR 'glancedbadmin'@'%' = PASSWORD('glancesecret');"
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e 'CREATE DATABASE keystone;'
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e 'CREATE USER keystonedbadmin;'
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystonedbadmin'@'%';"
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e "SET PASSWORD FOR 'keystonedbadmin'@'%' = PASSWORD('keystonesecret');"

sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'novadbadmin'@'localhost';"
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e "SET PASSWORD FOR 'novadbadmin'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('novasecret');"
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glancedbadmin'@'localhost';"
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e "SET PASSWORD FOR 'glancedbadmin'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('glancesecret');"
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystonedbadmin'@'localhost';"
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e "SET PASSWORD FOR 'keystonedbadmin'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('keystonesecret');"
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'novadbadmin'@'$HOSTNAME';"
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e "SET PASSWORD FOR 'novadbadmin'@'$HOSTNAME' = PASSWORD('novasecret');"
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glancedbadmin'@'$HOSTNAME';"
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e "SET PASSWORD FOR 'glancedbadmin'@'$HOSTNAME' = PASSWORD('glancesecret');"
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystonedbadmin'@'$HOSTNAME';"
sudo mysql -uroot -pmygreatsecret -e "SET PASSWORD FOR 'keystonedbadmin'@'$HOSTNAME' = PASSWORD('keystonesecret');"

6、Install Keystone
sudo apt-get install keystone python-keystone python-keystoneclient  

修改文件/etc/keystone/keystone.conf
admin_token = admin

修改/etc/keystone/keystone.conf

connection = sqlite:////var/lib/keystone/keystone.db
改为
connection = mysql://keystonedbadmin:keystonesecret@10.10.64.11/keystone

重启keystone
sudo service keystone restart  

同步数据库
sudo keystone-manage db_sync  

添加环境变量到/root/.bashrc

export SERVICE_ENDPOINT="http://localhost:35357/v2.0"
export SERVICE_TOKEN=admin

使环境变量生效
source /root/.bashrc

Creating Tenants,Creating Users,Creating Roles,Listing Tenants, Users and Roles,Adding Roles to Users in Tenants,Creating Services,Creating Endpoints
把以下内容保存到create_keystone_data.sh,然后执行./ create_keystone_data.sh

#!/bin/bash
#easy to run Keystone
#Creating Tenants
#Creating Users
#Creating Roles
#Listing Tenants, Users and Roles
#Adding Roles to Users in Tenants
#Creating Services
#Creating Endpoints
#

function get_id () {
echo `$@ | awk '/ id / { print $4 }'`
}
# Tenants
echo "-----------------------------Tenants-----------------------------------------"
ADMIN_TENANT=$(get_id keystone tenant-create --name=admin)
SERVICE_TENANT=$(get_id keystone tenant-create --name=service)
echo "ADMIN_TENANT=$ADMIN_TENANT"
echo "SERVICE_TENANT=$SERVICE_TENANT"
echo "-----------------------------Create Tenants Ending-----------------------------"

read -p "Enter your host(For example: xxx@.qq.com):" MAIL
echo "send mail to:$MAIL"

# Users
echo "-----------------------------Users-----------------------------------------"
ADMIN_USER=$(get_id keystone user-create --name=admin --pass=admin --email=$MAIL)
NOVA_USER=$(get_id keystone user-create --name=nova --pass=nova --email=$MAIL)
GLANCE_USER=$(get_id keystone user-create --name=glance --pass=glance --email=$MAIL)
SWIFT_USER=$(get_id keystone user-create --name=swift --pass=swift --email=$MAIL)
echo "ADMIN_USER=$ADMIN_USER"
echo "NOVA_USER=$NOVA_USER"
echo "GLANCE_USER=$GLANCE_USER"
echo "SWIFT_USER=$SWIFT_USER"
echo "-----------------------------Create User Ending-----------------------------"

# Roles
echo "-----------------------------Roles-----------------------------------------"
ADMIN_ROLE=$(get_id keystone role-create --name=admin)
MEMBER_ROLE=$(get_id keystone role-create --name=Member)
echo "ADMIN_ROLE=$ADMIN_ROLE"
echo "MEMBER_ROLE=$MEMBER_ROLE"
echo "-----------------------------Create Roles Ending-----------------------------"

# Add Roles to Users in Tenants
echo "-----------------------------Add Roles to Users in Tenants-----------------------------------------"
echo "keystone user-role-add --user=$ADMIN_USER --role=$ADMIN_ROLE --tenant_id=$ADMIN_TENANT"
keystone user-role-add --user=$ADMIN_USER --role=$ADMIN_ROLE --tenant_id=$ADMIN_TENANT
echo "-----------------------------Add Roles to Users in Tenants Ending-----------------------------"


# TODO(termie): these two might be dubious
echo "-----------------------------TODO(termie): these two might be dubious-----------------------------------------"
echo "keystone user-role-add --user=$NOVA_USER --role=$ADMIN_ROLE --tenant_id=$SERVICE_TENANT"
echo "keystone user-role-add --user=$GLANCE_USER --role=$ADMIN_ROLE --tenant_id=$SERVICE_TENANT"
echo "keystone user-role-add --user=$SWIFT_USER --role=$ADMIN_ROLE --tenant_id=$SERVICE_TENANT"
keystone user-role-add --user=$NOVA_USER --role=$ADMIN_ROLE --tenant_id=$SERVICE_TENANT
keystone user-role-add --user=$GLANCE_USER --role=$ADMIN_ROLE --tenant_id=$SERVICE_TENANT
keystone user-role-add --user=$SWIFT_USER --role=$ADMIN_ROLE --tenant_id=$SERVICE_TENANT
echo "-----------------------------these two might be dubious Ending-----------------------------"

# The Member role is used by Horizon and Swift so we need to keep it:
echo "------------------------The Member role is used by Horizon and Swift so we need to keep it---------------------------------"
keystone user-role-add --user=$ADMIN_USER --role=$MEMBER_ROLE --tenant_id=$ADMIN_TENANT
echo "keystone user-role-add --user=$ADMIN_USER --role=$MEMBER_ROLE --tenant_id=$ADMIN_TENANT"
echo "-----------------------------The Member role is used by Horizon and Swift so we need to keep it Ending-----------------------------"

read -p "Enter your host(For example: 10.10.128.11):" HOSTADDR
echo "Your host is:$HOSTADDR"


#Creating Services
echo "------------------------Creating Services---------------------------------"
COMPUTESERVICE=$(get_id keystone service-create --name=nova --type=compute --description='OpenStack_Compute_Service')
VOLUMESERVICE=$(get_id keystone service-create --name=volume --type=volume --description='OpenStack_Volume_Service')
IMAGESERVICE=$(get_id keystone service-create --name=glance --type=image --description='OpenStack_Image_Service')
STORAGESERVICE=$(get_id keystone service-create --name=swift --type=object-store --description='OpenStack_Storage_Service')
IDENTITYSERVICE=$(get_id keystone service-create --name=keystone --type=identity --description='OpenStack_Identity_Service')
EC2SERVICE=$(get_id keystone service-create --name=ec2 --type=ec2 --description='EC2_Service')
echo "COMPUTESERVICE=$COMPUTESERVICE"
echo "VOLUMESERVICE=$VOLUMESERVICE"
echo "IMAGESERVICE=$IMAGESERVICE"
echo "STORAGESERVICE=$STORAGESERVICE"
echo "IDENTITYSERVICE=$IDENTITYSERVICE"
echo "EC2SERVICE=$EC2SERVICE"
echo "-----------------------------Creating Services Ending-----------------------------"

echo "-----------------------------Creating Endpoints-----------------------------"
keystone endpoint-create --region myregion --service_id=$COMPUTESERVICE --publicurl "http://$HOSTADDR:8774/v2/%(tenant_id)s" --adminurl "http://$HOSTADDR:8774/v2/%(tenant_id)s" --internalurl "http://$HOSTADDR:8774/v2/%(tenant_id)s"
keystone endpoint-create --region myregion --service_id=$VOLUMESERVICE --publicurl "http://$HOSTADDR:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s" --adminurl "http://$HOSTADDR:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s" --internalurl "http://$HOSTADDR:8776/v1/%(tenant_id)s"
keystone endpoint-create --region myregion --service_id=$IMAGESERVICE --publicurl "http://$HOSTADDR:9292/v1" --adminurl "http://$HOSTADDR:9292/v1" --internalurl "http://$HOSTADDR:9292/v1"
keystone endpoint-create --region myregion --service_id=$STORAGESERVICE --publicurl "http://$HOSTADDR:8080/v1/AUTH_%(tenant_id)s" --adminurl "http://$HOSTADDR:8080/v1" --internalurl "http://$HOSTADDR:8080/v1/AUTH_%(tenant_id)s"
keystone endpoint-create --region myregion --service_id=$IDENTITYSERVICE --publicurl http://$HOSTADDR:5000/v2.0 --adminurl http://$HOSTADDR:35357/v2.0 --internalurl http://$HOSTADDR:5000/v2.0
keystone endpoint-create --region myregion --service_id=$EC2SERVICE --publicurl http://$HOSTADDR:8773/services/Cloud --adminurl http://$HOSTADDR:8773/services/Admin --internalurl http://$HOSTADDR:8773/services/Cloud
echo "-----------------------------Creating Endpoints Ending-----------------------------"

执行脚本

chmod +x create_keystone_data.sh
./ create_keystone_data.sh

7、Install glance
sudo apt-get install glance glance-api glance-client glance-common glance-registry python-glance

修改/etc/glance/glance-api-paste.ini 和 /etc/glance/glance-registry-paste.ini

admin_tenant_name = %SERVICE_TENANT_NAME%
admin_user = %SERVICE_USER%
admin_password = %SERVICE_PASSWORD%
改为
admin_tenant_name = service
admin_user = glance
admin_password = glance

修改/etc/glance/glance-registry.conf

sql_connection = mysql://glancedbadmin:glancesecret@10.10.64.11/glance
#末尾追加
[paste_deploy]
flavor = keystone

末尾追加以下内容到/etc/glance/glance-api.conf

[paste_deploy]
flavor = keystone

修改/etc/glance/glance-api.conf
rabbit_host = 10.10.64.11

Create glance schema in the MySQL database.:

sudo glance-manage version_control 0
sudo glance-manage db_sync

重启glance-api 和glance-registry

sudo restart glance-api
sudo restart glance-registry

添加环境变量到/root/.bashrc

export OS_TENANT_NAME=admin
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=admin
export OS_AUTH_URL="http://localhost:5000/v2.0/"

使环境变量生效
source /root/.bashrc  

打印镜像列表
glance index


8、Install nova 除了nova-compute和nova-network

sudo apt-get install nova-api nova-cert nova-doc nova-objectstore nova-scheduler rabbitmq-server novnc nova-consoleauth

修改/etc/nova/nova.conf

#common
--logdir=/var/log/nova
--state_path=/var/lib/nova
--lock_path=/var/lock/nova
--s3_host=10.10.64.11
--ec2_host=10.10.64.11
--rabbit_host=10.10.64.11
--glance_api_servers=10.10.64.11:9292
--image_service=nova.image.glance.GlanceImageService
--sql_connection=mysql://novadbadmin:novasecret@10.10.64.11/nova
--ec2_path=http://10.10.128.11:8773/services/Cloud
--api_paste_config=/etc/nova/api-paste.ini
--start_guests_on_host_boot=true
--resume_guests_state_on_host_boot=true
--network_manager=nova.network.manager.FlatDHCPManager
--connection_type=libvirt
--root_helper=sudo nova-rootwrap
--verbose=false
--use-syslog=false
--enabled_apis=ec2,osapi_compute,osapi_volume,metadata
--metadata_host=10.10.64.11

#hypervisors
--libvirt_type=kvm
--libvirt_use_virtio_for_bridges=true
#--libvirt_vif_driver =nova.virt.libvirt.vif.LibvirtBridgeDriver
--use_usb_tablet=true
--libvirt_ovs_bridge=br-int

#keystone
--auth_strategy=keystone
--keystone_ec2_url=http://10.10.128.11:5000/v2.0/ec2tokens

#Scheduler
--scheduler_driver=nova.scheduler.multi.MultiScheduler

#network
--dhcpbridge_flagfile=/etc/nova/nova.conf
--dhcpbridge=/usr/bin/nova-dhcpbridge
--multi_host=true
--public_interface=eth0
--flat_interface=eth2
--flat_network_bridge=br100
--fixed_range=10.11.11.0/24
--flat_injected=false
--force_dhcp_release=true
--network_size=256
--allow_same_net_traffic=true

#vnc
--vnc_enabled=true
--novncproxy_base_url= http://163.167.28.70:6080/vnc_auto.html
#--vncserver_proxyclient_address=
#--vncserver_listen=
--vnc_keymap=en-us

#log
#--logging_exception_prefix="%(asctime)s TRACE %(name)s %(instance)s"
#--publish_errors=true

#compute
#--compute_driver=nova.virt.connection.get_connection
#--instances_path= /mnt/nova/instances/

修改权限

sudo chown -R nova:nova /etc/nova
sudo chmod 644 /etc/nova/nova.conf

修改/etc/nova/api-paste.ini

admin_tenant_name = %SERVICE_TENANT_NAME%
admin_user = %SERVICE_USER%
admin_password = %SERVICE_PASSWORD%
改为
admin_tenant_name = service
admin_user = nova
admin_password = nova

数据同步

sudo nova-manage db sync

重启nova服务

sudo restart nova-api; sudo restart nova-objectstore; sudo restart nova-scheduler; sudo restart nova-consoleauth;

查看服务

root@ubuntu-50:~# sudo nova-manage service list
Binary Host Zone Status State Updated_At
nova-scheduler ubuntu-50 nova enabled :-) 2012-10-28 04:46:52
nova-consoleauth ubuntu-50 nova enabled :-) 2012-10-28 04:46:52

9、Install OpenStack Dashboard

sudo apt-get install openstack-dashboard

遇到
Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1 for ServerName
添加内容到/etc/apache2/httpd.conf
ServerName 127.0.1.1

重启apache
sudo service apache2 restart

打开浏览器,输入http://10.10.128.11,输入admin@admin登录。

二、安装计算节点
1、安装网桥

sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin virt-manager bridge-utils

2、修改/etc/network/interfaces

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto eth2
iface eth2 inet static
address 10.10.128.12
netmask 255.255.128.0
network 10.10.128.0
broadcast 10.10.255.255
gateway 10.10.128.254

auto eth4
iface eth4 inet manual

auto br12
iface br12 inet static
address 10.10.64.12
netmask 255.255.255.0
#network 10.10.64.0
#broadcast 10.10.64.255
bridge_ports eth4

重启网络:
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart


3、安装NTP Client
sudo apt-get install ntp

修改/etc/ntp.conf
server 10.10.64.11

重启NTP
sudo service ntp restart

4、设置ipv4转发
sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1


5、安装nova-network,nova-compute
sudo apt-get install nova-compute nova-compute-kvm nova-network 

修改/etc/nova/nova.conf ,与控制节点一致

#common
--logdir=/var/log/nova
--state_path=/var/lib/nova
--lock_path=/var/lock/nova
--s3_host=10.10.64.11
--ec2_host=10.10.64.11
--rabbit_host=10.10.64.11
--glance_api_servers=10.10.64.11:9292
--image_service=nova.image.glance.GlanceImageService
--sql_connection=mysql://novadbadmin:novasecret@10.10.64.11/nova
--ec2_path=http://10.10.128.11:8773/services/Cloud
--api_paste_config=/etc/nova/api-paste.ini
--start_guests_on_host_boot=true
--resume_guests_state_on_host_boot=true
--network_manager=nova.network.manager.FlatDHCPManager
--connection_type=libvirt
--root_helper=sudo nova-rootwrap
--verbose=false
--use-syslog=false
--enabled_apis=ec2,osapi_compute,osapi_volume,metadata
--metadata_host=10.10.64.11

#hypervisors
--libvirt_type=kvm
--libvirt_use_virtio_for_bridges=true
#--libvirt_vif_driver =nova.virt.libvirt.vif.LibvirtBridgeDriver
--use_usb_tablet=true
--libvirt_ovs_bridge=br-int

#keystone
--auth_strategy=keystone
--keystone_ec2_url=http://10.10.128.11:5000/v2.0/ec2tokens

#Scheduler
--scheduler_driver=nova.scheduler.multi.MultiScheduler

#network
--dhcpbridge_flagfile=/etc/nova/nova.conf
--dhcpbridge=/usr/bin/nova-dhcpbridge
--multi_host=true
--public_interface=eth2
--flat_interface=eth4
--flat_network_bridge=br100
--fixed_range=10.11.11.0/24
--flat_injected=false
--force_dhcp_release=true
--network_size=256
--allow_same_net_traffic=true

#vnc
--vnc_enabled=true
--novncproxy_base_url= http://163.167.28.70:6080/vnc_auto.html
--vncserver_proxyclient_address=10.10.64.12
--vncserver_listen=10.10.64.12
--vnc_keymap=en-us

#log
#--logging_exception_prefix="%(asctime)s TRACE %(name)s %(instance)s"
#--publish_errors=true

#compute
#--compute_driver=nova.virt.connection.get_connection
--instances_path=/mnt/nova/instances/

修改权限

sudo chown -R nova:nova /mnt/nova/
sudo chown -R nova:nova /mnt/nova/instances/

重启服务
sudo restart nova-compute; sudo restart nova-network; sudo restart libvirt-bin;


三、初始化系统
1、上传镜像

glance add name="qcow2_win08_35G" is_public=true container_format=ovf disk_format=qcow2 < qcow2_win08_35G.img
glance add name="qcow2_ubuntu64" is_public=true container_format=ovf disk_format=qcow2 < qcow2_ubuntu64.img
## nova image-list

2、创建网络

nova-manage network create --label=br100 --fixed_range_v4=10.11.11.0/24 --num_network=1 --multi_host=T --bridge=br100
#ip addr
#brctl show

3、安全组(防火墙规则)

nova secgroup-add-rule default tcp 1 65535 0.0.0.0/0
nova secgroup-add-rule default udp 1 65535 0.0.0.0/0
nova secgroup-add-rule default icmp -1 -1 0.0.0.0/0

Create the win-server security group to allow ping (icmp), ssh (tcp/22), and http (tcp/80) from everywhere (0.0.0.0/0):

nova secgroup-create win-server "win server running on default port"
nova secgroup-add-rule win-server icmp -1 -1 0.0.0.0/0
nova secgroup-add-rule win-server tcp 22 22 0.0.0.0/0
nova secgroup-add-rule win-server tcp 3389 3389 0.0.0.0/0
nova secgroup-add-rule win-server tcp 80 80 0.0.0.0/0
nova secgroup-add-rule win-server tcp 20 20 0.0.0.0/0
nova secgroup-add-rule win-server tcp 21 21 0.0.0.0/0

4、创建浮动IP
nova-manage floating create --pool=pool1 --ip_range=10.10.128.192/26

5、使用镜像创建实例(虚拟机)
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0076/8354/76279b95-1710-3514-896a-3758ad3015b6.jpg[/img]
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0076/8356/4943f7cb-bca1-3ac2-8b72-0fc54d37bf59.jpg[/img]
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0076/8358/e3707f8b-9b7d-37a8-b568-9d0f46d45970.jpg[/img]
6、绑定浮动IP
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0076/8364/f5f99824-096f-3815-92dc-441505e16388.jpg[/img]
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0076/8366/8a829f8d-0bb7-3713-bf1a-7d9f6b228f66.jpg[/img]
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0076/8368/d4381d79-1f5a-307b-a556-7d9b4d1b4fd5.jpg[/img]
7、登录到虚拟机
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0076/8370/bf01ea79-5ce0-39e5-9ec7-073e877b0f05.jpg[/img]
8、VNC控制台
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0076/8372/355639d7-0bc9-3284-9b0f-a58d9f429e30.jpg[/img]
[img]http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/0076/8374/e4dce8df-85df-3ba4-a20d-9bedde16701a.jpg[/img]
### 关于符号链接创建失败的问题 在使用 `ln` 命令创建符号链接时,如果遇到“文件已存在”的错误提示,通常是因为目标路径下已经存在同名文件或目录。以下是可能的原因及解决方法: 1. **检查目标路径是否存在同名文件或目录** 在执行 `ln -s` 命令之前,可以先确认目标路径是否已经存在同名文件或目录。例如,假设需要为 `/etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings` 创建符号链接到 `/opt/dashboard-config/local_settings`,可以运行以下命令检查目标路径是否存在冲突: ```bash ls -l /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings ``` 如果输出显示该文件或目录已存在,则需要进一步确认其用途。 2. **删除或重命名冲突的文件或目录** 如果确认目标路径下的文件或目录是无用的,可以将其删除或重命名。例如: ```bash mv /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings.bak ``` 然后重新尝试创建符号链接: ```bash ln -s /opt/dashboard-config/local_settings /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings ``` 3. **强制覆盖(需谨慎)** 如果确定要覆盖已有文件或目录,可以使用 `-f` 参数强制创建符号链接。但需要注意,此操作会直接删除目标路径下的原有文件或目录: ```bash ln -sf /opt/dashboard-config/local_settings /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings ``` 4. **验证符号链接是否创建成功** 使用以下命令验证符号链接是否正确创建: ```bash ls -l /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings ``` 输出应类似于以下内容,表明符号链接已成功创建: ``` lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 35 Oct 19 17:26 /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings -> /opt/dashboard-config/local_settings ``` 5. **权限问题** 如果仍然无法创建符号链接,可能是权限不足导致。可以尝试以超级用户身份运行命令: ```bash sudo ln -s /opt/dashboard-config/local_settings /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings ``` ### 示例代码 以下是完整的操作示例: ```bash # 检查目标路径是否存在冲突 ls -l /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings # 如果存在冲突,重命名原文件 mv /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings.bak # 创建符号链接 ln -s /opt/dashboard-config/local_settings /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings # 验证符号链接是否成功 ls -l /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings ``` ### 注意事项 - 在删除或覆盖文件之前,请确保备份重要数据,以免误删。 - 如果符号链接的目标文件或目录路径发生变化,需要重新创建符号链接[^4]。
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