django在migrate时报错ORA-02000: missing ALWAYS keyword

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-01 18:10:53 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2023-03-01 18:10:53 发布 · 5.3k 阅读

2 ·

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

文章标签：

#django #oracle #python

Python 专栏收录该内容

9 篇文章

订阅专栏

在使用Django 2.2.4与Oracle 11.2.0.4数据库进行migrate时遇到ORA-02000错误。错误源于在11g中使用了Oracle 12c的Always关键字。尝试降级cx_oracle版本未果，最终通过升级Oracle到12.1.0.2并更新Django和cx_oracle到最新版本成功解决问题。

错误信息

在这里插入图片描述

PS D:\parttime\python\django\guanxiangzhiji> python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 82, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql)
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\oracle\base.py", line 510, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(query, self._param_generator(params))
cx_Oracle.DatabaseError: ORA-02000: missing ALWAYS keyword

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\recorder.py", line 67, in ensure_schema
    editor.create_model(self.Migration)
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\schema.py", line 307, in create_model
    self.execute(sql, params or None)
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\schema.py", line 137, in execute
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 99, in execute
    return super().execute(sql, params)
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 67, in execute
    return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 76, in _execute_with_wrappers
    return executor(sql, params, many, context)
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 84, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 82, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql)
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\oracle\base.py", line 510, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(query, self._param_generator(params))
django.db.utils.DatabaseError: ORA-02000: missing ALWAYS keyword

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 17, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 375, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 323, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 364, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 83, in wrapped
    res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\migrate.py", line 234, in handle
    fake_initial=fake_initial,
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\executor.py", line 91, in migrate
    self.recorder.ensure_schema()
  File "D:\app\anaconda\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\recorder.py", line 69, in ensure_schema
    raise MigrationSchemaMissing("Unable to create the django_migrations table (%s)" % exc)
django.db.migrations.exceptions.MigrationSchemaMissing: Unable to create the django_migrations table (ORA-02000: missing ALWAYS keyword)

环境情况

1、操作系统：Win10 64bit

在这里插入图片描述

2、Python版本：3.7.3

在这里插入图片描述

3、django版本：2.2.4

在这里插入图片描述

4、Oracle版本：11.2.0.4

在这里插入图片描述

5、cx_oracle版本：7.0.0

在这里插入图片描述

6、settings配置

在这里插入图片描述

原因分析

从错误提示ORA-02000: missing ALWAYS keyword看，是SQL语法错误，创建表的时候使用了Always这个关键词。
Always是在Oracle12c的新特性自增序列里用到的，语法如下：

generated-column-spec
[ GENERATED { ALWAYS | BY DEFAULT } AS IDENTITY 
[ ( START WITH IntegerConstant 
[ ,INCREMENT BY IntegerConstant] ) ]  ]  ]

但是，我机器上用的是Oracle11.2.0.4版本，这个语法在11g版本里执行自然就会报ORA-02000的错误。

解决方案

看了网上的一些解决方案，主要有2种：
（1）将Oracle升级到12c
（2）将cx_oracle降低版本

刚开始选用方案（2），觉得简单，但是实际操作下来，问题一环套一环，比如说将cx_oracle降低版本后，接着出现了django版本与cx_oracle版本不适应的情况，接着又降低django版本。。。接着做还是不行，最终放弃了。不知道有没有人成功过。

重新选择方案（1），装了Oracle12.1.0.2
在这里插入图片描述
再将django和cx_oracle升级回最新版本，migrate的时候就成功了