1.简单的将日志打印到屏幕
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import logging
logging .debug('This is debug message' )
logging .info('This is info message' )
logging .warning('This is warning message' )
屏幕上打印: WARNING:root:This is warning message
默认情况下,logging将日志打印到屏幕,日志级别为WARNING
日志级别大小关系为:CRITICAL > ERROR > WARNING > INFO > DEBUG > NOTSET
当然也可以自己定义日志级别。
2.通过logging.basicConfig函数对日志的输出格式及方式做相关配置
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import logging
logging .basicConfig(level=logging .DEBUG,
format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s' ,
datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S' ,
filename='myapp.log' ,
filemode='w' )
logging .debug('This is debug message' )
logging .info('This is info message' )
logging .warning('This is warning message' )
./myapp.log文件中内容为:
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Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug message
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info message
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message
logging.basicConfig函数各参数: filename: 指定日志文件名 filemode: 和file函数意义相同,指定日志文件的打开模式,’w'或’a’ format: 指定输出的格式和内容,format可以输出很多有用信息,如上例所示: %(levelno)s: 打印日志级别的数值 %(levelname)s: 打印日志级别名称 %(pathname)s: 打印当前执行程序的路径,其实就是sys.argv[0] %(filename)s: 打印当前执行程序名 %(funcName)s: 打印日志的当前函数 %(lineno)d: 打印日志的当前行号 %(asctime)s: 打印日志的时间 %(thread)d: 打印线程ID %(threadName)s: 打印线程名称 %(process)d: 打印进程ID %(message)s: 打印日志信息 datefmt: 指定时间格式,同time.strftime() level: 设置日志级别,默认为logging.WARNING stream: 指定将日志的输出流,可以指定输出到sys.stderr,sys.stdout或者文件,默认输出到sys.stderr,当stream和filename同时指定时,stream被忽略
3.将日志同时输出到文件和屏幕
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import logging
logging .basicConfig(level=logging .DEBUG,
format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s' ,
datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S' ,
filename='myapp.log' ,
filemode='w' )
#################################################################################################
#定义一个StreamHandler,将INFO级别或更高的日志信息打印到标准错误,并将其添加到当前的日志处理对象#
console = logging .StreamHandler()
console.setLevel(logging .INFO)
formatter = logging .Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s' )
console.setFormatter(formatter )
logging .getLogger('' ).addHandler(console)
#################################################################################################
logging .debug('This is debug message' )
logging .info('This is info message' )
logging .warning('This is warning message' )
屏幕上打印:
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root : INFO This is info message
root : WARNING This is warning message
./myapp.log文件中内容为:
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Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug message
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info message
Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message
4.logging之日志回滚
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import logging
from logging .handlers import RotatingFileHandler
#################################################################################################
#定义一个RotatingFileHandler,最多备份5个日志文件,每个日志文件最大10M
Rthandler = RotatingFileHandler('myapp.log' , maxBytes=10 * 1024 * 1024 ,backupCount=5 )
Rthandler.setLevel(logging .INFO)
formatter = logging .Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s' )
Rthandler.setFormatter(formatter )
logging .getLogger('' ).addHandler(Rthandler)
################################################################################################
从上例和本例可以看出,logging 有一个日志处理的主对象,其它处理方式都是通过addHandler添加进去的。
logging 的几种handle方式如下:
logging .StreamHandler: 日志输出到流,可以是sys .stderr、sys .stdout或者文件
logging .FileHandler: 日志输出到文件
日志回滚方式,实际使用时用RotatingFileHandler和TimedRotatingFileHandler
logging .handlers.BaseRotatingHandler
logging .handlers.RotatingFileHandler
logging .handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler
logging .handlers.SocketHandler: 远程输出日志到TCP/IP sockets
logging .handlers.DatagramHandler: 远程输出日志到UDP sockets
logging .handlers.SMTPHandler: 远程输出日志到邮件地址
logging .handlers.SysLogHandler: 日志输出到syslog
logging .handlers.NTEventLogHandler: 远程输出日志到Windows NT/2000 /XP的事件日志
logging .handlers.MemoryHandler: 日志输出到内存中的制定buffer
logging .handlers.HTTPHandler: 通过"GET" 或"POST" 远程输出到HTTP服务器
由于StreamHandler和FileHandler是常用的日志处理方式,所以直接包含在logging模块中,而其他方式则包含在logging.handlers模块中, 上述其它处理方式的使用请参见python2.5手册!
5.通过logging.config模块配置日志
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#logger.conf
###############################################
[loggers]
keys=root,example01,example02
[logger_root]
level=DEBUG
handlers=hand01,hand02
[logger_example01]
handlers=hand01,hand02
qualname=example01
propagate=0
[logger_example02]
handlers=hand01,hand03
qualname=example02
propagate=0
###############################################
[handlers]
keys=hand01,hand02,hand03
[handler_hand01]
class=StreamHandler
level=INFO
formatter=form02
args=(sys.stderr,)
[handler_hand02]
class=FileHandler
level=DEBUG
formatter=form01
args=('myapp.log', 'a')
[handler_hand03]
class=handlers.RotatingFileHandler
level=INFO
formatter=form02
args=('myapp.log', 'a', 10*1024*1024, 5)
###############################################
[formatters]
keys=form01,form02
[formatter_form01]
format=%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s
datefmt=%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S
[formatter_form02]
format=%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s
datefmt=
上例3:
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import logging
import logging .config
logging .config.fileConfig("logger.conf" )
logger = logging .getLogger("example01" )
logger.debug('This is debug message' )
logger.info('This is info message' )
logger.warning('This is warning message' )
上例4:
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import logging
import logging .config
logging .config.fileConfig("logger.conf" )
logger = logging .getLogger("example02" )
logger.debug('This is debug message' )
logger.info('This is info message' )
logger.warning('This is warning message' )
6.logging是线程安全的 7.logging在低版本(如 2.3.4)中用法有少许差别:
(因为我用 RedHat 4.3 里面自带的版本就是这个)
下面脚本将信息全部输入日志,无终端显示:
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#!/usr/bin/env python
import logging
import os ,sys
import time
MYNAME = os .path.splitext(os .path.basename(sys .argv[0 ]))[0 ]
MYDATE = time .strftime('%y%m%d' )
LOG_FILE = os .path.join('/tmp' ,MYNAME + '.log.' + MYDATE)
logger = logging .getLogger()
logger.setLevel(logging .DEBUG)
fh = logging .FileHandler(LOG_FILE)
formatter = logging .Formatter("%(asctime)-15s %(filename)s [%(levelname)-8s] %(message)s" )
fh.setFormatter(formatter )
logger.addHandler(fh)
logger.debug("This is debug message!!!" )
logger.info("This is info message!!!" )
logger.warn("This is warn message!!!" )
logger.error("This is error message!!!" )
logger.critical("This is critical message!!!" )
下面脚本将日志输入日志,并可选择输出终端日志的级别:
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#!/usr/bin/env python
import logging
import os ,sys
import time
MYNAME = os .path.splitext(os .path.basename(sys .argv[0 ]))[0 ]
MYDATE = time .strftime('%y%m%d' )
LOG_FILE = os .path.join('/tmp' ,MYNAME + '.log.' + MYDATE)
logger = logging .getLogger()
logger.setLevel(logging .DEBUG)
fh = logging .FileHandler(LOG_FILE)
formatter = logging .Formatter("%(asctime)-15s %(filename)s [%(levelname)-8s] %(message)s" )
fh.setFormatter(formatter )
logger.addHandler(fh)
logger.debug("This is debug message!!!" )
logger.info("This is info message!!!" )
logger.warn("This is warn message!!!" )
logger.error("This is error message!!!" )
logger.critical("This is critical message!!!" )