CarlosAg.ExcelXmlWriter实现.net下Excel导出功能（服务端不需要安装Excel程序）

 CarlosAg.ExcelXmlWriter是一三方dll控件，可以到http://www.carlosag.net/Tools/ExcelXmlWriter/Default.aspx下载。他使用起来非常简单。在C#中使用方法：

using  CarlosAg.ExcelXmlWriter;

class  TestApp {
     static   void  Main( string [] args) {
        Workbook book  =   new  Workbook();
        Worksheet sheet  =  book.Worksheets.Add( " Sample " );
        WorksheetRow row  =   sheet.Table.Rows.Add();
        row.Cells.Add( " Hello World " );
        book.Save( @" c: est.xls " );
    }
}

这样就生成了一简单的Excel文件就生成在C盘了。它生成的是xml形式的Excel。

一个workbook就是一个在内存中的Excel文件。您只需要对workbook进行操作，即可按您想要的形式构建一内存中的Excel文件。调用workbook的save方法就可以在内存中的Excel文件写入硬盘或http下载流中去。Workbook中主要有 Styles 集合用于添加Excel文档中的样式分格。Worksheets集合用于添加Excel文档的sheet对象。CarlosAg.ExcelXmlWrite的具体用法请官方网站 http://www.carlosag.net或网络上查询。

在.net web应用程序开发过程，经常会遇到Excel的导出功能，过去一直用微软的office组件，配置起来麻烦，而且服务端需要安装Excel程序，对环境的改变也会影响功能的正常运行。还会经常出现一些莫名其妙的问题。有了CarlosAg.ExcelXmlWriter这些问题都不会出现了。不需要任何配置东西。由于大多数是对DataTable数据的导出功能。所以我把CarlosAg.ExcelXmlWriter进行了二次封装，对于Web程序中的Excel导出功能做到了完全简化。如果要导出一个DataTable对象dt的数据到Excel中，只需要传入dt即可。当然Excel的表头就是dt中的列名。也可以对dt的列名进行自定义甚至实现多表头导出功能。下面我们来详细研究：

封装工作需要三个类来完成： ExcelBook,Excel 主处理类。 ExcelColumn ， Excel 表头字段类用于处理自定义表头时使用。 ExcelColumnCollection ， Excel 表头字段集合，用于添加 Excel 表头。

ExcelBook类:

using  System;
using  System.Data;
using  System.Configuration;
using  System.Web;
using  System.Web.Security;
using  System.Web.UI;
using  System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using  System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using  System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using  System.IO;
using  System.Text;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  CarlosAg.ExcelXmlWriter;
namespace  ExcelExp
... {
    /**//// <summary>
    /// ExcelBook 导出功能主类 的摘要说明
    /// </summary>
    public class ExcelBook
    ...{
        private Workbook _book = new Workbook();
        private DataTable _dataTable = null;
        private string _title = "";
        private Page _page = null;
        private List<ExcelColumnCollection> _columnNamesCollection = new List<ExcelColumnCollection>();
        private SortedList<string, int> _maxLengthOfField = new SortedList<string, int>();
        private bool _isAutoFitWidth = true;
        private string _Author = "";
        private string _LastAuthor = "";
        private string _Company = "";
        private string _Version = "11.6408";
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 构造函数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dt">DataTable形式的数据源</param>
        /// <param name="title">Excel显示标题</param>
        public ExcelBook(DataTable dt, string title)
        ...{
            Page page = (Page)HttpContext.Current.Handler;
            if (dt == null)
            ...{
                throw new Exception("数据源为空");
            }
            _dataTable = dt;
            _title = title;
            _page = page;
        }
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 以GridView的Head为标题
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="row">GridView表头行对象</param>
        public void SetColumnNameFromGridViewHeadRow(GridViewRow row)
        ...{
            ExcelColumnCollection excelcols = new ExcelColumnCollection();
            _columnNamesCollection.Add(excelcols);
            foreach (TableCell cell in row.Cells)
            ...{
                excelcols.Add(new ExcelColumn(cell.Text));
            }
        }
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 初始化Excel Workbook
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="book">book</param>
        private void InitializeBook(Workbook book)
        ...{
            book.Properties.Author = Author;
            book.Properties.LastAuthor = LastAuthor;
            book.Properties.Created = DateTime.Now;
            book.Properties.Company = Company;
            book.Properties.Version = Version;
            book.ExcelWorkbook.WindowHeight = 13500;
            book.ExcelWorkbook.WindowWidth = 17100;
            book.ExcelWorkbook.WindowTopX = 360;
            book.ExcelWorkbook.WindowTopY = 75;
            book.ExcelWorkbook.ProtectWindows = false;
            book.ExcelWorkbook.ProtectStructure = false;
        }
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 设置样式
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="styles">样式集合</param>
        private void SetStyles(WorksheetStyleCollection styles)
        ...{
            // -----------------------------------------------
            //  Default
            // -----------------------------------------------
            WorksheetStyle Default = styles.Add("Default");
            Default.Name = "Normal";
            Default.Font.FontName = "宋体";
            Default.Font.Size = 12;
            Default.Alignment.Vertical = StyleVerticalAlignment.Center;
            // -----------------------------------------------
            //  TitleStyle
            // -----------------------------------------------
            WorksheetStyle TitleStyle = styles.Add("TitleStyle");
            TitleStyle.Font.Bold = true;
            TitleStyle.Font.FontName = "黑体";
            TitleStyle.Font.Size = 14;
            TitleStyle.Alignment.Horizontal = StyleHorizontalAlignment.Center;
            TitleStyle.Alignment.Vertical = StyleVerticalAlignment.Center;
            // -----------------------------------------------
            //  FieldStyle
            // -----------------------------------------------
            WorksheetStyle FieldStyle = styles.Add("FieldStyle");
            FieldStyle.Font.Bold = true;
            FieldStyle.Font.FontName = "宋体";
            FieldStyle.Font.Size = 12;
            FieldStyle.Alignment.Horizontal = StyleHorizontalAlignment.Center;
            FieldStyle.Borders.Add(StylePosition.Bottom, LineStyleOption.Continuous, 1);
            FieldStyle.Borders.Add(StylePosition.Left, LineStyleOption.Continuous, 1);
            FieldStyle.Borders.Add(StylePosition.Right, LineStyleOption.Continuous, 1);
            FieldStyle.Borders.Add(StylePosition.Top, LineStyleOption.Continuous, 1);
            // -----------------------------------------------
            //  LastFieldStyle
            // -----------------------------------------------
            WorksheetStyle LastFieldStyle = styles.Add("LastFieldStyle");
            LastFieldStyle.Font.Bold = true;
            LastFieldStyle.Font.FontName = "宋体";
            LastFieldStyle.Font.Size = 12;
            LastFieldStyle.Borders.Add(StylePosition.Bottom, LineStyleOption.Continuous, 1);
            LastFieldStyle.Borders.Add(StylePosition.Left, LineStyleOption.Continuous, 1);
            LastFieldStyle.Borders.Add(StylePosition.Right, LineStyleOption.Continuous, 1);
            LastFieldStyle.Borders.Add(StylePosition.Top, LineStyleOption.Continuous, 1);
            // -----------------------------------------------
            //  DataStyle
            // -----------------------------------------------
            WorksheetStyle DataStyle = styles.Add("DataStyle");
            DataStyle.Borders.Add(StylePosition.Bottom, LineStyleOption.Continuous, 1);
            DataStyle.Borders.Add(StylePosition.Right, LineStyleOption.Continuous, 1);
            DataStyle.Borders.Add(StylePosition.Top, LineStyleOption.Continuous, 1);
            DataStyle.Borders.Add(StylePosition.Left, LineStyleOption.Continuous, 1);
        }
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 设置Excel Sheet
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sheets">sheets集合</param>
        private void SetSheels(WorksheetCollection sheets)
        ...{
            Worksheet sheet = sheets.Add(_title);
            sheet.Table.DefaultRowHeight = 14.25F;
            sheet.Table.DefaultColumnWidth = 54F;
            sheet.Table.FullColumns = 1;
            sheet.Table.FullRows = 1;

            // -----------------------------------------------

            WorksheetRow row = null;
            WorksheetCell cell = null;

            大标题#region 大标题
            row = sheet.Table.Rows.Add();
            row.AutoFitHeight = true;
            row.Height = 30;
            cell = row.Cells.Add();
            cell.StyleID = "TitleStyle";
            cell.Data.Type = DataType.String;
            cell.Data.Text = _title;
            cell.MergeAcross = _dataTable.Columns.Count - 1;
            #endregion

            foreach (DataColumn dc in _dataTable.Columns)//初始化列宽度集合
            ...{
                _maxLengthOfField[dc.ColumnName] = 0;
            }

            //-----------------------------------------------字段
            字段标题行#region 字段标题行

            if (_columnNamesCollection.Count != 0)
            ...{
                for (int i = 0; i < _columnNamesCollection.Count; i++)
                ...{
                    row = sheet.Table.Rows.Add();
                    row.AutoFitHeight = true;
                    int j = 0;
                    foreach (ExcelColumn ec in _columnNamesCollection[i])
                    ...{
                        cell = row.Cells.Add();
                        cell.Data.Text = ec.Name;
                        cell.Data.Type = DataType.String;
                        if (i != _columnNamesCollection.Count - 1)
                        ...{
                            cell.MergeAcross = ec.MergeAcross;
                            cell.StyleID = "FieldStyle";
                        }
                        else//最下层标题行
                        ...{
                            cell.StyleID = "LastFieldStyle";
                            _maxLengthOfField[_dataTable.Columns[j++].ColumnName] =
                                GetMaxLength(_maxLengthOfField[_dataTable.Columns[j++].ColumnName], ec.Name);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            ...{
                row = sheet.Table.Rows.Add();
                row.AutoFitHeight = true;
                foreach (DataColumn dc in _dataTable.Columns)
                ...{
                    cell = row.Cells.Add();
                    cell.Data.Text = dc.ColumnName;
                    cell.Data.Type = DataType.String;
                    cell.StyleID = "FieldStyle";
                    _maxLengthOfField[dc.ColumnName] = GetMaxLength(_maxLengthOfField[dc.ColumnName],dc.ColumnName);
                }
            }
            #endregion
            // -----------------------------------------------

            数据行#region 数据行
            object dcValueO = null;
            string dcValueS = null;
            foreach (DataRow dr in _dataTable.Rows)
            ...{
                row = sheet.Table.Rows.Add();
                row.AutoFitHeight = true;
                foreach (DataColumn dc in _dataTable.Columns)
                ...{
                    dcValueO = dr[dc];
                    if (dcValueO == DBNull.Value)
                        dcValueS = string.Empty;
                    else
                        dcValueS = dcValueO.ToString();
                    cell = row.Cells.Add();
                    cell.Data.Text = dcValueS;
                    cell.Data.Type = TypeConvert(dc.DataType);
                    cell.StyleID = "DataStyle";
                    if (_isAutoFitWidth || _columnNamesCollection.Count == 0)
                    ...{
                        _maxLengthOfField[dc.ColumnName] = GetMaxLength(_maxLengthOfField[dc.ColumnName], dcValueS);
                    }
                }
            }
            #endregion
            // -----------------------------------------------

            设置列#region 设置列
            WorksheetColumn column = null;
            if (!_isAutoFitWidth && _columnNamesCollection.Count != 0)
            ...{
                foreach (ExcelColumn ec in _columnNamesCollection[_columnNamesCollection.Count - 1])
                ...{
                    column = new WorksheetColumn();
                    column.AutoFitWidth = false;
                    column.Width = ec.Width;
                    sheet.Table.Columns.Add(column);
                }
            }
            else
            ...{
                foreach (DataColumn dc in _dataTable.Columns)
                ...{
                    column = new WorksheetColumn();
                    column.AutoFitWidth = false;
                    column.Width = _maxLengthOfField[dc.ColumnName] * 7;
                    sheet.Table.Columns.Add(column);
                }
            }
            #endregion
            //  Options
            // -----------------------------------------------
            sheet.Options.Selected = true;
            sheet.Options.ProtectObjects = false;
            sheet.Options.ProtectScenarios = false;
            sheet.Options.Print.PaperSizeIndex = 9;
            sheet.Options.Print.HorizontalResolution = 300;
            sheet.Options.Print.VerticalResolution = 300;
            sheet.Options.Print.ValidPrinterInfo = true;
        }
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 向客户端发送Excel下载文档数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="downloadFileName">下载时显示的文件名称</param>
        public void WriteExcelToClient(string downloadFileName)
        ...{
            string fileName = string.IsNullOrEmpty(downloadFileName) ?
                (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_title) ? "未命名文件" : _title) : downloadFileName;

            InitializeBook(_book);
            SetStyles(_book.Styles);
            SetSheels(_book.Worksheets);

            _book.Save(_page.Response.OutputStream);
            _page.Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "Attachment; FileName=" + 
                HttpUtility.UrlEncode(fileName, Encoding.UTF8) + ".xls;");
            _page.Response.ContentEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8;
            _page.Response.Charset = "UTF-8";
            _page.Response.Flush();
            _page.Response.End();
        }
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 向客户端发送Excel下载文档数据
        /// </summary>
        public void WriteExcelToClient()
        ...{
            WriteExcelToClient(null);
        }
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 数据类型转换
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="type"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private DataType TypeConvert(Type type)
        ...{
            switch (type.Name)
            ...{
                case "Decimal":
                case "Double":
                case "Single":
                    return DataType.Number;
                case "Int16":
                case "Int32":
                case "Int64":
                case "SByte":
                case "UInt16":
                case "UInt32":
                case "UInt64":
                    return DataType.Number;
                case "String":
                    return DataType.String;
                case "DateTime":
                    return DataType.String;
                default:
                    return DataType.String;
            }
        }
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 添加标题行 集合
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="exColumnCollection"></param>
        public void AddColumnNamesCollection(ExcelColumnCollection exColumnCollection)
        ...{
            _columnNamesCollection.Add(exColumnCollection);
        }
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 清楚标题行集合
        /// </summary>
        public void ClearColumnNamesCollection()
        ...{
            _columnNamesCollection.Clear();
        }
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 列宽是否自适应
        /// </summary>
        public bool IsAutoFitWidth
        ...{
            get ...{ return _isAutoFitWidth; }
            set ...{ _isAutoFitWidth = value; }
        }
        public string Author
        ...{
            get ...{ return _Author; }
            set ...{ _Author = value; }
        }
        public string LastAuthor
        ...{
            get ...{ return _LastAuthor; }
            set ...{ _LastAuthor = value; }
        }
        public string Company
        ...{
            get ...{ return _Company; }
            set ...{ _Company = value; }
        }
        public string Version
        ...{
            get ...{ return _Version; }
            set ...{ _Version = value; }
        }
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 获取字段最大宽度函数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="oldLength">原来长度</param>
        /// <param name="str">当前字符串</param>
        /// <returns>最大值</returns>
        private int GetMaxLength(int oldLength, string str)
        ...{
            if (str == null) str = "";
            byte[] bs = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(str.Trim());
            int newLength = bs.Length;
            if (oldLength > newLength)
                return oldLength;
            else
                return newLength;
        }
    }
}

 

ExcelColumn Excel表头字段类

 

using  System;
using  System.Data;
using  System.Configuration;
using  System.Web;
using  System.Web.Security;
using  System.Web.UI;
using  System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using  System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using  System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
namespace  ExcelExp
... {
    /**//// <summary>
    /// Excel列名ExcelColumn 的摘要说明
    /// </summary>
    public class ExcelColumn
    ...{
        private int _width = 150;//默认宽度
        private string _name = string.Empty;//列名
        private int _mergeAcross = 0;//跨越字段
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 构造函数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="width">列宽</param>
        /// <param name="name">列名</param>
        public ExcelColumn(int width, string name)
        ...{
            this._width = width;
            this._name = name;
            this._mergeAcross = 0;
        }
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 构造函数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name">列名</param>
        /// <param name="colspan">合并列数</param>
        public ExcelColumn(string name, int colspan)
        ...{
            this._name = name;
            this._mergeAcross = colspan - 1;
        }
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 构造函数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name">列名</param>
        public ExcelColumn(string name)
        ...{
            this._name = name;
        }
        public int Width
        ...{
            get ...{ return _width; }
        }
        public string Name
        ...{
            get ...{ return _name; }
        }
        public int MergeAcross
        ...{
            get ...{ return _mergeAcross; }
        }

    }
}

ExcelColumnCollection，Excel表头字段集合类

using  System;
using  System.Data;
using  System.Configuration;
using  System.Web;
using  System.Web.Security;
using  System.Web.UI;
using  System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using  System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using  System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
namespace  ExcelExp
... {
    /**//// <summary>
    /// ExcelColumnCollection 的摘要说明
    /// </summary>
    public class ExcelColumnCollection : System.Collections.CollectionBase
    ...{
        public ExcelColumnCollection()
        ...{
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// 将对象添加到 ExcelColumnCollection 的结尾处。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">要添加到 ExcelColumnCollection 的末尾处的 <see cref="ExcelColumn"/>。</param>
        /// <returns>ExcelColumnCollection 索引，已在此处添加了 value。</returns>
        public int Add(ExcelColumn value)
        ...{
            return (List.Add(value));
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// 搜索指定的 <see cref="ExcelColumn"/>，并返回整个 ExcelColumnCollection 中第一个匹配项的从零开始的索引。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">要在 ExcelColumnCollection 中查找的 <see cref="ExcelColumn"/>。</param>
        /// <returns>如果在整个 ExcelColumnCollection 中找到 value 的第一个匹配项，则为该项的从零开始的索引；否则为 -1。</returns>
        public int IndexOf(ExcelColumn value)
        ...{
            return (List.IndexOf(value));
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// 从 RoleCollection 中移除特定对象的第一个匹配项。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">要从 <see cref="ExcelColumnCollection"/> 移除的 <see cref="ExcelColumn"/>。</param>
        /// 
        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">未在 ExcelColumnCollection 对象中找到 value 参数。</exception>
        /// <exception cref="System.NotSupportedException">ExcelColumnCollection 为只读，或 ExcelColumnCollection 具有固定大小。
        /// </exception>
        public void Remove(ExcelColumn value)
        ...{
            List.Remove(value);
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// 获取或设置指定索引处的元素。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="index">要获得或设置的元素从零开始的索引。</param>
        /// <returns>指定索引处的元素。</returns>
        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">index 小于零。
        /// - 或 -
        /// index 等于或大于 Count。
        /// </exception>
        public ExcelColumn this[int index]
        ...{
            get
            ...{
                return (ExcelColumn)List[index];
            }

            set
            ...{
                List[index] = value;
            }
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// 获取或设置指定 关键字 的元素。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="nodeText">要获得或设置的元素的关键字。</param>
        /// <returns>如果在整个 ItemNodeCollection 中找到 关键字 的第一个匹配项，则为该项的元素；否则为 null。</returns>
        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">设置未成功，集合中未找到指定关键字的元素。</exception>
        public ExcelColumn this[string name]
        ...{
            get
            ...{
                ExcelColumn excelColumn;
                for (int i = 0; i < List.Count; i++)
                ...{
                    excelColumn = (ExcelColumn)List[i];

                    if (excelColumn.Name == name)
                    ...{
                        return excelColumn;
                    }
                }

                return null;
            }

            set
            ...{
                ExcelColumn excelColumn;
                for (int i = 0; i < List.Count; i++)
                ...{
                    excelColumn = (ExcelColumn)List[i];

                    if (excelColumn.Name == name)
                    ...{
                        excelColumn = value;
                        return;
                    }
                }

                throw new ArgumentException("设置未成功，集合中未找到指定关键字的元素。");
            }
        }
    }
}

     使用方法:

1.   直接导出DataTable dt的数据以dt的列名为表头名
   ExcelBook eb  =   new  ExcelBook(dt, " 标题 " );
               eb.IsAutoFitWidth  =   true ; // 自定适用列宽
               eb.Author  =   "" ; // 作者
               eb.LastAuthor  =   "" ; // 最后作者
               eb.Company  =   "" ; // 公司
               eb.Version  =   "" ; // 版本
               eb.WriteExcelToClient( " Excel文件名 " ); // 下载Excel文件
               // eb.WriteExcelToClient(); // 以标题为下载文件名
2. 自定义表头名称 
   ExcelBook eb  =   new  ExcelBook(dt,  " 标题 " );
               ExcelColumnCollection ec  =   new  ExcelColumnCollection();
               eb.AddColumnNamesCollection(ec);
               ec.Add( new  ExcelColumn( " 姓名 " ));
               ec.Add( new  ExcelColumn( " 性别 " ));
               ec.Add( new  ExcelColumn( " 学历 " ));
               ec.Add( new  ExcelColumn( " 政治面貌 " ));
   
               eb.IsAutoFitWidth  =   true ; // 自定适用列宽
               eb.WriteExcelToClient( " Excel文件名 " ); // 下载Excel文件
                // eb.WriteExcelToClient(); // 以标题为下载文件名
3. 自定义多表头
   ExcelBook eb  =   new  ExcelBook(dt,  " 标题 " );
               ExcelColumnCollection ec  =   new  ExcelColumnCollection(); // 第一层表头
               eb.AddColumnNamesCollection(ec);
               ec.Add( new  ExcelColumn( " 基本信息 " , 2 ));
               ec.Add( new  ExcelColumn( " 高级信息 " , 2 ));
   
               ExcelColumnCollection ec2  =   new  ExcelColumnCollection(); // 第二层表头
               eb.AddColumnNamesCollection(ec2);
               ec2.Add( new  ExcelColumn( " 姓名 " ));
               ec2.Add( new  ExcelColumn( " 性别 " ));
               ec2.Add( new  ExcelColumn( " 学历 " ));
               ec2.Add( new  ExcelColumn( " 政治面貌 " ));
   
   
               eb.IsAutoFitWidth  =   true ; // 自定适用列宽
               eb.WriteExcelToClient( " Excel文件名 " ); // 下载Excel文件
4. 以GridView的头为表
               ExcelBook eb  =   new  ExcelBook(dt,  " 标题 " );
               eb.SetColumnNameFromGridViewHeadRow(gridView1.HeaderRow);
               eb.IsAutoFitWidth  =   true ; // 自定适用列宽
               eb.WriteExcelToClient( " Excel文件名 " ); // 下载Excel文件