iOS---基本的UI控件

最新推荐文章于 2020-10-09 11:04:16 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2020-10-09 11:04:16 发布 · 535 阅读

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CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

本文详细介绍了iOS开发中常用的UI控件配置方法及属性动画实现技巧，包括UILabel、UIButton、UISlider等控件的使用及颜色设置、动画效果等。

不知不觉一年多了，该好好整理啦！亡羊补牢，希望为时不晚

// ViewController.m

// 整理笔记

// Created by imac on 15/8/22.

#import "ViewController.h"

#pragma mark - 使用宏替换

// 减少硬编码，使用获取的屏幕的物理尺寸来适配UI

#define kScreenHeight [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.height

#define kScreenWidth [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width

@interface ViewController ()

{NSInteger _index;}

@property (strong, nonatomic) UIView *myView;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {

[super viewDidLoad];

// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.

//通过tag值查找view

UIView *myView1 = [self.view viewWithTag:100];

myView1.alpha = 0.5;

#pragma mark - 坐标系统转换

// 拿到视图的 transform

CGAffineTransform transform = self.myView.transform;

// 构造一个 x方向放大了 1.2， y方向放大了1.2倍的transform

self.myView.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(transform, 1.2, 1.2);

// 构造一个 x方向缩小了 0.8， y方向缩小了0.8倍的transform

self.myView.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(transform, 0.8, 0.8);

// 沿着center 选择指定的角度 M_PI ：π ＝ 180°

self.myView.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(transform, M_PI / 3.0);

//位置复原

self.myView.transform = CGAffineTransformIdentity;

#pragma mark - /*************** UI控件 **************/

#pragma mark UILabel

UILabel *textLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 100, kScreenWidth, 200)];

#warning 要先设置内容，才能自适应.而且自适应，要写在行数设置后面

// 内容自适应

// [textLabel sizeToFit];

// 设置内容

textLabel.text = @"Talk is cheap， show me the Code. 废话少说，放码过来";

textLabel.backgroundColor = [UIColor orangeColor];

// 行数设置，默认为1 单行显示。 0 表示行数没有限制，在足够的高度之下，换行显示

textLabel.numberOfLines = 0;

// 设置文本的打断方式 Mode 模式、 style 样式， type 类型

textLabel.lineBreakMode = NSLineBreakByTruncatingMiddle;

// 设置文本颜色

textLabel.textColor = [UIColor grayColor];

// 设置阴影颜色

textLabel.shadowColor = [UIColor blackColor];

// 设置阴影的偏移量 (水平位置，垂直位置)

textLabel.shadowOffset = CGSizeMake(3, 3);

// 设置文本的对齐方式

textLabel.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;

// 设置字体

// textLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:28];

// textLabel.font = [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:28];

textLabel.font = [UIFont italicSystemFontOfSize:28];

// 内容自适应

[textLabel sizeToFit];

textLabel.tag = 101;

// 设置文本特殊状态下的显示效果

textLabel.highlightedTextColor = [UIColor redColor];

[self.view addSubview:textLabel];

// 测试高亮状态

// [self performSelector:@selector(test:) withObject:textLabel afterDelay:2];

[NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:0.5 target:self selector:@selector(test:) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];

}

- (void)test:(NSTimer *)timer {

UILabel *textLabel = (UILabel *)[self.view viewWithTag:101];

textLabel.highlighted = !textLabel.highlighted; // 设置高亮状态

}

- (void)viewDidLoad1 {

[super viewDidLoad];

#pragma mark UIImageView 图像视图

// 作用：显示单个图片，或者一组动画图片

// ----------------- 显示单张图片 ------------------

// 初始化UIImage 对象

// 图片拥有 thin.jpeg、thin@2x.jpeg、 thin@3x.jpeg

// 图片倍数可以省略。

// 图片的扩展名，如果是 ".png"可以省略

UIImageView *imgView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(35, 100, 300, 300)];

imgView.backgroundColor = [UIColor orangeColor];

imgView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"thin.jpeg"];

[self.view addSubview:imgView];

// 设置图片内容显示模式

/**

* UIViewContentModeScaleToFill, 拉伸铺满视图

UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFit, 自适应拉伸，不破坏宽高比例

UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFill, 可以超出视图范围，不破环比例

imgView.contentMode = UIViewContentModeTopLeft;

imgView.clipsToBounds = YES;

// 设置图像视图的高亮状态

imgView.highlightedImage = [UIImage imageNamed:@"image"];

#pragma mark UIButton

#warning 自定按钮，设置图片方法的区别

// UI设计师，美工

// 自定义按钮，首先要把按钮的类型设置为 Custom 自定义类型

// setBackgroundImage: 会拉伸图片，但是不会影响标题显示

// setImage: 会使用图片的原始大小，但是会干扰标题的显示

UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];

button.frame = CGRectMake(160, 10, 60, 44);

// 1.设置按钮的标题

// 设置标题的颜色

[button setTitleColor:[UIColor greenColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal];

[button setTitle:@"正常状态哈哈" forState:UIControlStateNormal]; // 普通

[button setTitle:@"按钮被选中" forState:UIControlStateSelected]; // 选中

[button setTitle:@"高亮" forState:UIControlStateHighlighted]; // 高亮

[button setTitle:@"失效的" forState:UIControlStateDisabled]; // 失效

// button.enabled = NO; // 设置按钮的可用状态，如果设置失效状态，会显示该状态

// button.userInteractionEnabled = NO; // 只是不能响应事件，不会改变按钮的显示

[button setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"playing_btn_love"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];

[button setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"playing_btn_in_myfavor_h"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];

[button setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"playing_btn_in_myfavor"] forState:UIControlStateSelected];

// 设置背景图片，图片会被拉伸，并且是被标题盖住

[button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"playing_btn_love"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];

[button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"playing_btn_in_myfavor_h"] forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];

[button setBackgroundImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"playing_btn_in_myfavor"] forState:UIControlStateSelected];

// 如果出现 unrecognized selector sent to instance 异常原因

// 可以查找该是否实现了

[button addTarget:self action:@selector(buttonAction:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];

[imgView addSubview:button];

// 开启用户事件. 如果设置为NO，表示不响应，且视图所有子视图，都无法响应事件

imgView.userInteractionEnabled = YES;

// 添加tag

imgView.tag = 110;

// 为按钮添加触摸事件

UIControlEventTouchDown 用户按下手指

UIControlEventTouchDownRepeat 重复按下

UIControlEventTouchDragInside 在内部拖拽

UIControlEventTouchUpInside  用户触摸并且在范围之内抬起手指

UIControlEventTouchCancel 触摸取消：一次没有结束，屏幕失去了焦点

[button addTarget:self action:@selector(buttonAction1:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];

//设置button的边框

UIButton *btn = [[UIButton alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 100, 200, 30)];

[btn.layer setBorderWidth:1.0];//边框宽度

[btn.layer setBorderColor:[UIColor blackColor].CGColor];//设置边框颜色

[self.view addSubview:btn];

}

- (void)buttonAction1:(UIButton *)sender {

// 切换按钮的选中状态

sender.selected = !sender.selected;

}

- (void)buttonAction:(UIButton *)sender {

UIImageView *imageView = (UIImageView *)[self.view viewWithTag:110];

imageView.highlighted = !imageView.highlighted;

}

#pragma mark - UISlider滑块

- (void)viewDidLoad2 {

[super viewDidLoad];

UISlider *slider = [[UISlider alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(10, 100, 310, 200)];

slider.backgroundColor = [UIColor orangeColor];

[slider addTarget:self action:@selector(sliderAction:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventValueChanged];

[self.view addSubview:slider];

// 设置滑块的最小值

slider.minimumValue = 0;

// 设置滑块的最大值

slider.maximumValue = 100;

// 设置当前值

slider.value = 0.5;

// 定制样式

// 设置轨迹颜色

slider.minimumTrackTintColor = [UIColor greenColor];

slider.maximumTrackTintColor = [UIColor orangeColor];

// slider setMaximumTrackImage:<#(UIImage *)#> forState:<#(UIControlState)#>

// slider setMinimumTrackImage:<#(UIImage *)#> forState:<#(UIControlState)#>

// 设置大头针颜色

// [slider setThumbTintColor:[UIColor redColor]];

// 设置大头针图片

[slider setThumbImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"playing_slider_thumb"] forState:UIControlStateNormal];

[NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:self selector:@selector(timeAction:) userInfo:slider repeats:YES];

}

- (void)timeAction:(NSTimer *)sender {

_index++;

UISlider *slider = sender.userInfo;

// slider.value = _index;

[slider setValue:_index animated:YES];

// if (_index == ?) {

// [sender invalidate];

// }

}

- (void)sliderAction:(UISlider *)sender {

// sender.value 默认为 0-1

NSLog(@"value = %f", sender.value);

}

#pragma mark - 属性动画

- (void)testAnimation2 {

// Block语法动画

//1.翻转效果

[UIView animateWithDuration:1.0 animations:^{

[UIView setAnimationTransition:UIViewAnimationTransitionFlipFromLeft forView:_myView cache:YES];

// 交换两个子视图的层次结构

[_myView exchangeSubviewAtIndex:0 withSubviewAtIndex:1];

}];

//2.view从屏幕外进入到屏幕中

_myView.frame = CGRectMake(0, kScreenHeight, 320, 200);

[UIView animateWithDuration:0.5 animations:^{

_myView.frame = CGRectMake(0, kScreenHeight - 200, 320, 200);

}];

}

- (void)testAnimation1 {

// ----------------首尾式动画-------------------//

// 1.标记动画的开始

[UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil];

// 2.设置动画的属性

[UIView setAnimationDuration:2.0]; // 设置动画的持续时间

[UIView setAnimationRepeatCount:100];//动画重复次数

[UIView setAnimationRepeatAutoreverses:YES];//重头播放一次

// 3.设置动画执行的操作

_myView.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];

_myView.alpha = 0.5;

CGRect frame = _myView.frame;

frame.size.height = 300;

_myView.frame = frame;

// 设置翻转效果:只是视觉效果，并不是一个真正立体的事物发生了翻转

[UIView setAnimationTransition:UIViewAnimationTransitionFlipFromLeft forView:_myView cache:YES];

// 交换两个子视图的层次结构

[_myView exchangeSubviewAtIndex:0 withSubviewAtIndex:1];

// 4.标记动画的结尾

[UIView commitAnimations];

}

#pragma mark - 设置颜色

-(void)setColor:(UIColor *)color{

// 设置背景颜色 65 174 57

// RGB 256色阶。 0 - 255

// 方法中的取值范围 0.0 - 1.0

// UIColor *fixedColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:65/255.0 green:174/255.0 blue:57/255.0 alpha:1];

UIColor *randColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:(rand() % 10 * 0.1) green:(rand() % 10 * 0.1) blue:(rand() % 10 * 0.1) alpha:1.0];

color = [UIColor colorWithWhite:0.5 alpha:0.8];

self.myView.backgroundColor = randColor;

//转换16进制颜色

NSString *background_color = @"#e6e6e6";

long red = strtoul([[background_color substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(1, 2)]UTF8String], 0, 16);

long green = strtoul([[background_color substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(3, 2)]UTF8String], 0, 16);

long blue = strtoul([[background_color substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(5, 2)]UTF8String], 0, 16);

// NSLog(@"%ld — %ld —%ld",red ,green ,blue);

self.myView.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:red/255.0f

green:green/255.0f

blue:blue/255.0f

alpha:1.0];

}

#pragma mark - 方法集合

/**

调用一个方法，附带id参数，延迟多少秒触发

[self performSelector:@selector(changeViewHierachy:) withObject:subView1 afterDelay:3.0];

#pragma mark - 搭建界面，九宫格

-(void)setApp{

#define kAppViewW 80

#define kAppViewH 90

#define kColCount 3

#define kStartY 20

// 320 - 3 * 80 = 80 / 4 = 20

CGFloat marginX = (self.view.bounds.size.width - kColCount * kAppViewW) / (kColCount + 1);

CGFloat marginY = 10;

for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {

// 行

// 0, 1, 2 => 0

// 3, 4, 5 => 1

int row = i / kColCount;

// 列

// 0, 3, 6 => 0

// 1, 4, 7 => 1

// 2, 5, 8 => 2

int col = i % kColCount;

CGFloat x = marginX + col * (marginX + kAppViewW);

CGFloat y = kStartY + marginY + row * (marginY + kAppViewH);

UIView *appView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(x, y, kAppViewW, kAppViewH)];

appView.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

[self.view addSubview:appView];

}

#pragma mark-遍历字符串

-(void)forinStr{

NSString *newStr = @"AbdcdddccddA00";

NSString *temp = nil;

for(int i =0; i < [newStr length]; i++)

{

temp = [newStr substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(i, 1)];

if ([temp isEqualToString:@"A"]) {

NSLog(@"第%d个字是:%@", i, temp);

}

NSString *str = @"Abdcdddccdd00";

for(int i = 0; i < [newStr length]; i++)

{

unichar temp = [str characterAtIndex:i];

if (temp == 'A') {

NSLog(@"第%d个字符是:%c", i, temp);

}

#pragma mark- 拆分字符串

-(void)breakUpString{

//原始字符串切分

NSString *url=@"http://www.arijasoft.com/givemesomthing.php?a=3434&b=435edsf&c=500";

NSArray *comp1 = [url componentsSeparatedByString:@"?"];

NSString *query = [comp1 lastObject];

NSArray *queryElements = [query componentsSeparatedByString:@"&"];

for (NSString *element in queryElements) {

NSArray *keyVal = [element componentsSeparatedByString:@"="];

if (keyVal.count > 0) {

NSString *variableKey = [keyVal objectAtIndex:0];

NSString *value = (keyVal.count == 2) ? [keyVal lastObject] : nil;

}

//原始字符串切分

//http://172.16.49.224:7087/info/wap/qrcodepay/downloadclient.html?MERC_ID=888009941110054&USR_OPR_NO=1025497115

//MERCID OPRNO

NSString *urlStr=@"http://172.16.49.224:7087/info/wap/qrcodepay/downloadclient.html?MERC_ID=888009941110054&USR_OPR_NO=1025497115";

NSArray *compTemp = [urlStr componentsSeparatedByString:@"?"];

NSString *myQuery = [compTemp lastObject];

NSArray *myQueryElements = [myQuery componentsSeparatedByString:@"&"];

NSString *MERCIDtemp = [myQueryElements objectAtIndex:0];

NSArray *keyVal1 = [MERCIDtemp componentsSeparatedByString:@"="];

NSString *MERCIDStr = [keyVal1 lastObject];

NSString *OPRNOtemp = [myQueryElements lastObject];

NSArray *keyVal2 = [OPRNOtemp componentsSeparatedByString:@"="];

NSString *OPRNOStr = [keyVal2 lastObject];

//iOS7.0及以后才能用

NSString *myURL = @"http://172.16.49.224:7087/info/wap/qrcodepay/downloadclient.html?MERC_ID=888009941110054&USR_OPR_NO=1025497115";

NSURLComponents *components = [NSURLComponents componentsWithString:myURL];

NSNumber *pageOneValue = nil;

NSNumber *pageTwoValue = nil;

for(NSURLQueryItem *item in components.queryItems)

{

if([item.name isEqualToString:@"MERC_ID"]){

pageOneValue = [NSNumber numberWithInteger:item.value.integerValue];

}

if ([item.name isEqualToString:@"USR_OPR_NO"]){

pageTwoValue = [NSNumber numberWithInteger:item.value.integerValue];

}

#pragma mark - 创建导航控制器（AppDelegate里面进行的）

rootViewController *roorVC = [[rootViewController alloc] init];

UINavigationController *navigationCtrl = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:roorVC];

self.window.rootViewController = navigationCtrl;

#pragma mark - 窗口

/**

* Xcode 6.0 版本之前，空的应用程序模板，没有 main.storyboard 主界面，也没有创建好窗口。

* 需要使用这样的纯代码设置，需要删除 main.storyboard， ViewController

* 并且在工程设置里面，修改 Main Interface -> 设置为空

// 1.创建了一个window对象，window的大小是手机屏幕的大小

self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds];

// 设置背景颜色

self.window.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];

// 让窗口成为主窗口并且可见。主窗口（能够接收事件的窗口）

[self.window makeKeyAndVisible];

#pragma mark - UIView 视图

UIView *baseView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(10, 200, 300, 200)];

baseView.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

// clipsToBounds 默认为NO。设为YES，会裁剪超出视图边界的内容和子视图

baseView.clipsToBounds = YES;

// 给一个视图对象添加子视图

// self.window 会持有子视图的对象所有权

[self.window addSubview:baseView];

// 一般情况下， frame 和 Bounds 宽高一样。特殊情况？

// Frame得到的位置，是以它的父视图为参照

NSLog(@"frame : %@", NSStringFromCGRect(baseView.frame));

// Bounds得到的位置，是以它本身为参照

NSLog(@"bounds : %@", NSStringFromCGRect(baseView.bounds));

// 中点的位置坐标，是相对于父视图来计算的

NSLog(@"center : %@", NSStringFromCGPoint(baseView.center));

// 改变中点，会改变视图的位置

// baseView.center = CGPointMake(260, 400);

- (void)test:(UIView *)testView {

// viewWithTag: 检索视图树，是否有视图的 tag 匹配

UIView *searchView = [testView viewWithTag:3003];

searchView.backgroundColor = [UIColor cyanColor];

testView.hidden = YES;

// 将一个视图从父视图上移除

[testView removeFromSuperview];

// 获取父视图

UIView *superView = searchView.superview;

// 获取所有的子视图

NSArray *subViews = superView.subviews;

NSLog(@"子视图 : %@", subViews);

}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {

[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];

// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.

}

@end