android图像存储之使用MediaStore

学习过ContentProvider，对于图像（以及音频和视频）的标准内容提供器是MediaStore，MediaStore是在设备上的一个标准位置存放文件的设置，并且为存储和检索该文件的元数据提供便利。我们使用MediaStore来保存，而不需要在SDCard的某位置上来建立，这样是利于系统管理的。

activity_main.xml布局文件：

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" >

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/titleTView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/title" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/titleEView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@id/titleTView"
            android:inputType="text" />
    </RelativeLayout>

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/imgView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:contentDescription="@string/contentDescription" />

    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" >

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/descriptionTView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/description" />

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/descriptionEView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_toRightOf="@id/descriptionTView"
            android:inputType="text" />
    </RelativeLayout>

    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" >

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/take_pictureBtn"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginLeft="30dp"
            android:text="@string/take_picture" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/saveBtn"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
            android:layout_alignTop="@id/take_pictureBtn"
            android:layout_marginRight="30dp"
            android:text="@string/save" />
    </RelativeLayout>

</LinearLayout>

strings.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>

    <string name="app_name">MediaStore</string>
    <string name="action_settings">Settings</string>
    <string name="hello_world">Hello world!</string>
    <string name="title">Title:</string>
    <string name="description">Description:</string>
    <string name="save">Save</string>
    <string name="take_picture">Take Picture</string>
    <string name="contentDescription">contentDescription</string>
    <string name="success">保存成功！</string>

</resources>

MainActivity.java文件：

package cn.yh.mediastore;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory.Options;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.MediaStore.Images.Media;
import android.view.Display;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private final static int CAMERA_RESULT = 0;
	private TextView titleTView, descriptionTView;
	private EditText titleEView, descriptionEView;
	private ImageView imgView;
	private Button takePictureBtn, saveBtn;
	private Uri imageFileUri;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		//從佈局文件獲取對象
		titleTView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.titleTView);
		titleEView = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.titleEView);
		descriptionTView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.descriptionTView);
		descriptionEView = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.descriptionEView);
		imgView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imgView);
		takePictureBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.take_pictureBtn);
		saveBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.saveBtn);
		//剛開始，除去takePictureBtn（Button）為可見之外，其他都設為不可見。
		titleTView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
		titleEView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
		descriptionTView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
		descriptionEView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
		imgView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
		saveBtn.setVisibility(View.GONE);
		//給takePictureBtn設置點擊事件，負責啟動android.provider.MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE也就是Camera
		takePictureBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				switch (v.getId()) {
				case R.id.take_pictureBtn:
					//獲取內容解析器，由於是新建一副圖像，所以使用insert方法，
					//Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI主要表明是放在外存儲設備，也就是SDCard而不是內存
					imageFileUri = getContentResolver().insert(
							Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, new ContentValues());
					
					Intent intent = new Intent(
							android.provider.MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
					
					intent.putExtra(android.provider.MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,
							imageFileUri);
					
					startActivityForResult(intent, CAMERA_RESULT);
					break;
				}
			}
		});
	}

	@Override
	public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
		// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
		getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
		if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
			//設置拍照不可用
			takePictureBtn.setEnabled(false);
			//設置其他操作可見
			titleTView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
			titleEView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
			descriptionTView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
			descriptionEView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
			imgView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
			saveBtn.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
			//獲取DefaultDisplay
			Display display = getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay();
			int eh = titleEView.getHeight() + descriptionEView.getHeight();
			int bh = takePictureBtn.getHeight();
			int dh = display.getHeight() - eh - bh;
			int dw = display.getWidth();

			try {
				// 加载图像的尺寸，而不是图像本身。
				BitmapFactory.Options bmFactoryOptions = new Options();
				bmFactoryOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
				Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver()
						.openInputStream(imageFileUri), null, bmFactoryOptions);
				int hRatio = (int) Math.ceil(bmFactoryOptions.outHeight
						/ (float) dh);
				int wRatio = (int) Math.ceil(bmFactoryOptions.outWidth
						/ (float) dw);
				// 判断是按高比率缩放还是宽比例缩放
				if (hRatio > 1 || wRatio > 1) {
					if (hRatio > wRatio) {
						bmFactoryOptions.inSampleSize = hRatio;
					} else {
						bmFactoryOptions.inSampleSize = wRatio;
					}
				}
				// 对图像进行真正的解码
				bmFactoryOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
				bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver()
						.openInputStream(imageFileUri), null, bmFactoryOptions);
				imgView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
				saveBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

					@Override
					public void onClick(View v) {
						// TODO Auto-generated method stub
						//更新MediaStore中記錄的標題和描述
						ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues();
						contentValues.put(Media.DISPLAY_NAME, titleEView.getText().toString());
						contentValues.put(Media.DESCRIPTION, descriptionEView.getText().toString());
						getContentResolver().update(imageFileUri, contentValues, null, null);
						//通知用戶
						Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, R.string.success,
								Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
						Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MainActivity.class);
						startActivity(intent);
					}
				});
			} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

}