一、Eclipse和Tomcat环境
1、下载tomcat和安装
此处使用tomcat 7, 本来下载了tomcat 8,也安装了,发现eclipse的插件只能支持到7,果断卸载换回来了 = = 。
链接:http://tomcat.apache.org/download-70.cgi
解压缩在D:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\目录下,右键点击我的电脑,选择属性->高级->环境变量->新建系统变量,变量名TOMCAT_HOME,变量值输入 D:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 7.0 ,确定。
2、下载Eclipse tomcat插件
地址:http://www.eclipsetotale.com/tomcatPlugin.html
将解压后的文件com.sysdeo.eclipse.tomcat_3.3.1.jar 放到eclipse的plugins 目录下,然后重启eclipse出现tomcat的标志,此表示插件已经安装成功。
3、Eclipse tomcat配置
eclipse->Window->Preferences->Tomcat,勾选Version 7.x,Tomcat home 选择第二步的安装目录。点击确定按钮。
Project工程设置build path,eclipse->Project->Preferences->JAVA build path->Libraries->Add Library,在里面选择server runtime,选择Tomcat 7,在Order and Export中,勾选tomcat 7。
4、eclipse中运行tomcat。
在eclipse下方的server中,新建一个server,将web工程添加到server中,运行调试即可。
二、运行实例
1、新建一个动态web工程,设置工程名为testwe,根目录为/testwe,设置生成web.xml。如下:
2、新建一个index.jsp,此文件为网站的默认界面,内容如下:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
</head>
<body>
Hi,这里是JSP 的输出结果. <br>
</body>
</html>
简单显示一句话。
3、利用向导生成一个Servlet,默认继承自HttpServlet,改写如下:package com.yefeng;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* Servlet implementation class Hiservlet
*/
@WebServlet(description = "firstweb", urlPatterns = { "/Hiservlet" })
public class Hiservlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public Hiservlet() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see Servlet#init(ServletConfig)
*/
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
/**
* @see Servlet#destroy()
*/
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
// 设置文档类型
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
// 输出到客户端浏览器
out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">");
out.println("<HTML>");
out.println("<meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text/html; charset=UTF-8\">");
out.println("<HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>");
out.println(" <BODY>");
out.println("Hi, 这里是Servlet的显示结果!");
out.println(" </BODY>");
out.println("</HTML>");
out.flush();
out.close();
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
}
上面程序只是单纯显示一句话,还没用到动态的特性,但对于展示不同效果,已经足够了。
4、修改web.xml,如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
很简单,只有一个默认的欢迎界面设置。当用uri http://localhost:8080/testwe/ 访问时,实际访问的文件为:http://localhost:8080/testwe/index.jsp 5、显示结果
6、注意:默认生成的Servlet是注解方式配置,比较简单好用。除外,可以在web.xml中进行配置。把servlet中的
@WebServlet(description = "firstweb", urlPatterns = { "/Hiservlet" })
然后在web.xml中设置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">
<servlet>
<description>firstweb</description>
<servlet-name>Hiservlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.yefeng.Hiservlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>Hiservlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/Hiservlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>