Qt中获取各种目录用法

原创最新推荐文章于 2026-05-22 09:14:47 发布 5.8k 阅读 AI写同款

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关注

qt通过QFileDialog获取文件路径&保存文件&选择文件夹 QT是一款常用的UI设计工具, 我们在日常开发中经常需要对文件或者文件夹进行操作,下面将介绍QT对于获取文件路径&保存文件&选择文件夹等场景的获取的伪代码.注:适用于各语言的QT,比如python的pyQT之类的。阅读详情

AI摘要

本文深入探讨了Qt中路径管理的多种方法，包括QCoreApplication、QApplication、QDir、QDesktopServices和QStandardPaths的使用技巧，详细介绍了如何获取工程路径、库路径、主路径、数据路径等，并演示了文件操作和路径排序的方法。

获取目录etc

一、QCoreApplication
二、QApplication
三、QDir
- 1、获取路径
- 2、文件操作
四、QDesktopServices for Qt4
五、QStandardPaths for Qt5
- 1、`.writableLocation()`函数使用
- 2、`.standardLocations()`函数使用

一、QCoreApplication

1、常用路径

    qDebug() << QCoreApplication::applicationName();
    qDebug() << QCoreApplication::applicationDirPath();
    qDebug() << QCoreApplication::applicationFilePath();

分别对应的是
1、工程名称
2、工程路径
3、工程文件路径全称

输出

"leaner_path_test"
"/Users/yucheng/Applications/Learn_Qt/build-leaner_path_test-Desktop_Qt_5_14_2_clang_64bit-Debug/leaner_path_test.app/Contents/MacOS"
"/Users/yucheng/Applications/Learn_Qt/build-leaner_path_test-Desktop_Qt_5_14_2_clang_64bit-Debug/leaner_path_test.app/Contents/MacOS/leaner_path_test"

2、库路径

    qDebug() << QCoreApplication::libraryPaths();

输出的是连接的库路径

("/Users/yucheng/Qt5.14.2/5.14.2/clang_64/plugins", "/Users/yucheng/Applications/Learn_Qt/build-leaner_path_test-Desktop_Qt_5_14_2_clang_64bit-Debug/leaner_path_test.app/Contents/MacOS")

由于.libraryPaths()是QStringList类型的数据，所以格式和QString不同。

3、题外话

    qDebug() << QCoreApplication::applicationVersion();
    qDebug() << QCoreApplication::organizationName();
    qDebug() << QCoreApplication::organizationDomain();

在执行上述三句话时，出现的都是空字符串。
那是因为这些是开发商自行添加的版本、组织机构名称、组织机构领域。

使用以下语句即可

二、QApplication

QApplication是QCoreApplication的子类
具体的不用多说
和QCoreApplication用法一样

三、QDir

1、获取路径

    qDebug() << QDir::currentPath();
    qDebug() << QDir::homePath();
    qDebug() << QDir::rootPath();
    qDebug() << QDir::tempPath();

输出，具体看代码解释

"/Users/yucheng/Applications/Learn_Qt/build-leaner_path_test-Desktop_Qt_5_14_2_clang_64bit-Debug/leaner_path_test.app/Contents/MacOS"
"/Users/yucheng"
"/"
"/private/var/folders/sn/4s6c8fds6knc95wwt42nlqpw0000gp/T"

2、文件操作

    QDir dir;
    qDebug() << dir.exists("/Users/yucheng/try1");
    dir.mkdir("/Users/yucheng/try1");
    qDebug() << dir.exists("/Users/yucheng/try1");
    dir.rmdir("/Users/yucheng/try1");
    dir.cd("/Users/yucheng/try");
    qDebug() << dir.entryList();
    dir.setSorting(QDir::Size);
    qDebug() << dir.entryList();

输出

	false
	true
	(".", "..", "data", "f2.dat", "file.txt", "filea.txt", "fileb.txt", "filec.txt", "json", "svn软件", "test", "xia")
	("file.txt", "..", ".", "svn软件", "data", "test", "xia", "json", "f2.dat", "filec.txt", "fileb.txt", "filea.txt")

.setSorting()排序方式

方法	实现
名称排序	QDir::Name
时间	QDir::Time
大小	QDir::Size
默认	QDir::Unsorted
目录优先	QDir::DirsFirst
相反顺序	QDir::Reversed
忽略大小写	QDir::IgnoreCase

四、QDesktopServices for Qt4

QDesktopServices::storageLocation(QDesktopServices::HomeLocation);

五、QStandardPaths for Qt5

一共两种方式获得各种路径

    static QString writableLocation(StandardLocation type);
    static QStringList standardLocations(StandardLocation type);

1、`.writableLocation()`函数使用

    qDebug() << QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::HomeLocation);
    qDebug() << QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::DataLocation);
    qDebug() << QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::TempLocation);
    qDebug() << QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::CacheLocation);
    qDebug() << QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::MusicLocation);
    qDebug() << QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::FontsLocation);
    qDebug() << QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::DesktopLocation);
    qDebug() << QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::ConfigLocation);
    qDebug() << QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::MoviesLocation);
    qDebug() << QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::AppDataLocation);
    qDebug() << QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::RuntimeLocation);
    qDebug() << QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::DownloadLocation);
    qDebug() << QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::PicturesLocation);
    qDebug() << QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::AppConfigLocation);
    qDebug() << QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::DocumentsLocation);
    qDebug() << QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::GenericDataLocation);
    qDebug() << QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::AppLocalDataLocation);
    qDebug() << QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::GenericCacheLocation);
    qDebug() << QStandardPaths::writableLocation(QStandardPaths::GenericConfigLocation);

对应的输出路径
1、主路径
2、数据路径
3、临时路径
4、储藏路径
5、音乐路径
6、字体路径
7、桌面路径
8、配置路径
9、影片路径
10、应用路径
11、运行期间路径
12、下载路径
13、照片路径
14、应用配置路径
15、文档路径
16、普通数据路径
17、本地应用数据路径
18、普通储藏路径
19、普通配置路径

输出

"/Users/yucheng"
"/Users/yucheng/Library/Application Support/leaner_path_test"
"/private/var/folders/sn/4s6c8fds6knc95wwt42nlqpw0000gp/T"
"/Users/yucheng/Library/Caches/leaner_path_test"
"/Users/yucheng/Music"
"/Users/yucheng/Library/Fonts"
"/Users/yucheng/Desktop"
"/Users/yucheng/Library/Preferences"
"/Users/yucheng/Movies"
"/Users/yucheng/Library/Application Support/leaner_path_test"
"/Users/yucheng/Library/Application Support"
"/Users/yucheng/Downloads"
"/Users/yucheng/Pictures"
"/Users/yucheng/Library/Preferences/leaner_path_test"
"/Users/yucheng/Documents"
"/Users/yucheng/Library/Application Support"
"/Users/yucheng/Library/Application Support/leaner_path_test"
"/Users/yucheng/Library/Caches"
"/Users/yucheng/Library/Preferences"

2、`.standardLocations()`函数使用

用法和.writableLocation()一样。具体不阐述。
其生成QStringList路径

输出：

("/Users/yucheng")
("/Users/yucheng/Library/Application Support/leaner_path_test", "/Library/ApplicationSupport/leaner_path_test", "/Users/yucheng/Applications/Learn_Qt/build-leaner_path_test-Desktop_Qt_5_14_2_clang_64bit-Debug/leaner_path_test.app/Contents/Resources")
("/private/var/folders/sn/4s6c8fds6knc95wwt42nlqpw0000gp/T")
("/Users/yucheng/Library/Caches/leaner_path_test", "/Library/Caches/leaner_path_test")
("/Users/yucheng/Music")
("/Users/yucheng/Library/Fonts", "/Library/Fonts", "/System/Library/Fonts")
("/Users/yucheng/Desktop")
("/Users/yucheng/Library/Preferences")
("/Users/yucheng/Movies")
("/Users/yucheng/Library/Application Support/leaner_path_test", "/Library/Application Support/leaner_path_test", "/Users/yucheng/Applications/Learn_Qt/build-leaner_path_test-Desktop_Qt_5_14_2_clang_64bit-Debug/leaner_path_test.app/Contents/Resources")
("/Users/yucheng/Library/Application Support")
("/Users/yucheng/Downloads")
("/Users/yucheng/Pictures")
("/Users/yucheng/Library/Preferences/leaner_path_test")
("/Users/yucheng/Documents")
("/Users/yucheng/Library/Application Support", "/Library/Application Support")
("/Users/yucheng/Library/Application Support/leaner_path_test", "/Library/Application Support/leaner_path_test", "/Users/yucheng/Applications/Learn_Qt/build-leaner_path_test-Desktop_Qt_5_14_2_clang_64bit-Debug/leaner_path_test.app/Contents/Resources")
("/Users/yucheng/Library/Caches", "/Library/Caches", "/System/Library/Caches")
("/Users/yucheng/Library/Preferences")

文章部分参考来源：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weber_chen/article/details/79804074

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