本文详细解析了 Spring 框架中 Bean 的实例化过程与依赖注入机制，包括单例依赖注入的实现细节、注入嵌套处理以及依赖注入后的处理流程。
1 spring bean的实例化及依赖注入
上一编主要讲述的是xml里定义bean的加载解释并注册到beanfactory里，但并没有讲到beanfactory如何是利用beandefinition实例化对应的bean的；回到代码看我们如可得到实bean的实例的
public static void main(String[] args){
ClassPathResource classPathResource = new ClassPathResource("spring-beans.xml");
//创建beanfactory，并加载xml资源配置
BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(classPathResource);
Object testBean = factory.getBean("testBean");
System.out.println(testBean);
}
开始获取bean 实例
@Override
public Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException {
return doGetBean(name, null, null, false);
}
protected <T> T doGetBean(
final String name, final Class<T> requiredType, final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly)
throws BeansException {
//名称转换(别名，前缀为'&'的factorybean名称去掉'&' )
final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
Object bean;
// Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons.
//查看单例实例是否已创建
Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
logger.debug("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
"' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
}
else {
logger.debug("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
}
//处理当前实例是不是factorybean，如果不是直接反回该实例，
//如果不是，由返回factorybean getObject方法的对实你对像
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
}
else {
// Fail if we're already creating this bean instance:
// We're assumably within a circular reference.
if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
}
// 先从父factory里找，
BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();
//如果存在父factory,且当前factory不存该beanName,则从父factory获取实例
if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
// Not found -> check parent.
String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);
if (args != null) {
// Delegation to parent with explicit args.
return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);
}
else {
// No args -> delegate to standard getBean method.
return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);
}
}
if (!typeCheckOnly) {
markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
}
try {
//上面都没有获取到实例，获取合并的beandefinition,准备创建实例
final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
//检测当前beandefinition是否为abstract，如果是abstract则抛异常
checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);
//获取其依赖信息
String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
if (dependsOn != null) {
//递归处理依赖，如果发现的循环依赖则抛异常
for (String dep : dependsOn) {
if (isDependent(beanName, dep)) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dep + "'");
}
registerDependentBean(dep, beanName);
getBean(dep);
}
}
// 创建单例
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
@Override
public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
try {
return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
// Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
// eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
// Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
destroySingleton(beanName);
throw ex;
}
}
});
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
// It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
Object prototypeInstance = null;
try {
beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
finally {
afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
}
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
else {
String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
if (scope == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'");
}
try {
Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
@Override
public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
try {
return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
finally {
afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
}
}
});
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
"Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " +
"defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",
ex);
}
}
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
throw ex;
}
}
// Check if required type matches the type of the actual bean instance.
if (requiredType != null && bean != null && !requiredType.isAssignableFrom(bean.getClass())) {
try {
return getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);
}
catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type '" +
ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "'", ex);
}
throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
}
}
return (T) bean;
}2 单例依赖注入详解
其它单例创建与其它的创建差不多，但实际应用中，以单例居多，在些只分析单例创建，为了便于分析，先贴demo代码
public class ClassA {
private ClassB classB;
public ClassB getClassB() {
return classB;
}
public void setClassB(ClassB classB) {
this.classB = classB;
}
}
public class ClassB {
private ClassA classA;
public ClassA getClassA() {
return classA;
}
public void setClassA(ClassA classA) {
this.classA = classA;
}
}xml配置
<bean id="classA" class="com.xie.java.beans.ClassA">
<property name="classB" ref="classB"/>
</bean>
<bean id="classB" class="com.xie.java.beans.ClassB">
<property name="classA" ref="classA"/>
</bean> public Object getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) {
Assert.notNull(beanName, "'beanName' must not be null");
synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (singletonObject == null) {
if (this.singletonsCurrentlyInDestruction) {
throw new BeanCreationNotAllowedException(beanName,
"Singleton bean creation not allowed while singletons of this factory are in destruction " +
"(Do not request a bean from a BeanFactory in a destroy method implementation!)");
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Creating shared instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
//创建前检测该单例是否已在创建中，如果是则抛异常，
//如果否则记录当前创建实列
beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
boolean newSingleton = false;
boolean recordSuppressedExceptions = (this.suppressedExceptions == null);
if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
this.suppressedExceptions = new LinkedHashSet<Exception>();
}
try {
//开始创建实例，getObject 内调用createBean方法
singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
newSingleton = true;
}
catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
// Has the singleton object implicitly appeared in the meantime ->
// if yes, proceed with it since the exception indicates that state.
singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (singletonObject == null) {
throw ex;
}
}
catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
for (Exception suppressedException : this.suppressedExceptions) {
ex.addRelatedCause(suppressedException);
}
}
throw ex;
}
finally {
if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
this.suppressedExceptions = null;
}
//移除当前正在创建记录信息
afterSingletonCreation(beanName);
}
if (newSingleton) {
//把当前实例缓存起来
addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject);
}
}
return (singletonObject != NULL_OBJECT ? singletonObject : null);
}
}上面跟的是主线，接下才是实质的创建及依赖注入实现，其它创建模式也是调用该方法
@Override
protected Object createBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object[] args) throws BeanCreationException {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
RootBeanDefinition mbdToUse = mbd;
Class<?> resolvedClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);
if (resolvedClass != null && !mbd.hasBeanClass() && mbd.getBeanClassName() != null) {
mbdToUse = new RootBeanDefinition(mbd);
mbdToUse.setBeanClass(resolvedClass);
}
// Prepare method overrides.
try {
mbdToUse.prepareMethodOverrides();
}
catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(),
beanName, "Validation of method overrides failed", ex);
}
try {
//让BeanPostProcessors 有机会返回一个代理实例，
//该代理例应该是没有目标实例的，因为到此目标实例还没有创建，
//方法内将会调用BeanPostProcessor 接口的postProcessBeforeInstantiation方法
Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse);
if (bean != null) {
return bean;
}
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"BeanPostProcessor before instantiation of bean failed", ex);
}
//开始创建目标实例
Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Finished creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
return beanInstance;
}注入核心方法：创建目标实例
protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final Object[] args)
throws BeanCreationException {
// Instantiate the bean.
BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
}
if (instanceWrapper == null) {
//创建当前要获取得实例，并封装一层（到此仅是利用反射构造创建实例，但依赖还没注入，下面是处理依赖注入的问题）
instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
}
//当前要创建的实例，还没注入依赖
final Object bean = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance() : null);
Class<?> beanType = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass() : null);
mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;
// Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition.
synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
try {
applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", ex);
}
mbd.postProcessed = true;
}
}
//处理循环依赖判断当前实例是否要创建提前暴露 singletonFactory,
boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
}
addSingletonFactory(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
@Override
public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
return getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean);
}
});
}
// Initialize the bean instance.
Object exposedObject = bean;
try {
//处理当前实例所需的依赖
populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
if (exposedObject != null) {
//依赖注入后续其它处理(aop,及其它扩展就在些实现)，
//inittalizeBean方法可能还回的是目标实例，也可能是目标的代理
exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
}
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {
throw (BeanCreationException) ex;
}
else {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);
}
}
//省略一堆代码
return exposedObject;
}
目标对象属性注入populateBean()
protected void populateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, BeanWrapper bw) {
PropertyValues pvs = mbd.getPropertyValues();
//省略一些代码
boolean continueWithPropertyPopulation = true;
//InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor 提供属性注入前一次修改的机会，
if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
if (!ibp.postProcessAfterInstantiation(bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName)) {
continueWithPropertyPopulation = false;
break;
}
}
}
}
if (!continueWithPropertyPopulation) {
return;
}
if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME ||
mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
MutablePropertyValues newPvs = new MutablePropertyValues(pvs);
// Add property values based on autowire by name if applicable.
if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME) {
autowireByName(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
}
// Add property values based on autowire by type if applicable.
if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
autowireByType(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
}
pvs = newPvs;
}
boolean hasInstAwareBpps = hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors();
boolean needsDepCheck = (mbd.getDependencyCheck() != RootBeanDefinition.DEPENDENCY_CHECK_NONE);
if (hasInstAwareBpps || needsDepCheck) {
PropertyDescriptor[] filteredPds = filterPropertyDescriptorsForDependencyCheck(bw, mbd.allowCaching);
if (hasInstAwareBpps) {
for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
pvs = ibp.postProcessPropertyValues(pvs, filteredPds, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
if (pvs == null) {
return;
}
}
}
}
if (needsDepCheck) {
checkDependencies(beanName, mbd, filteredPds, pvs);
}
}
//应用属性值注入
applyPropertyValues(beanName, mbd, bw, pvs);
}注入的核心实现
protected void applyPropertyValues(String beanName, BeanDefinition mbd, BeanWrapper bw, PropertyValues pvs) {
if (pvs == null || pvs.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
MutablePropertyValues mpvs = null;
List<PropertyValue> original;
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
if (bw instanceof BeanWrapperImpl) {
((BeanWrapperImpl) bw).setSecurityContext(getAccessControlContext());
}
}
//判断是否是可修改值
if (pvs instanceof MutablePropertyValues) {
mpvs = (MutablePropertyValues) pvs;
if (mpvs.isConverted()) {
// Shortcut: use the pre-converted values as-is.
try {
bw.setPropertyValues(mpvs);
return;
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Error setting property values", ex);
}
}
original = mpvs.getPropertyValueList();
}
else {
original = Arrays.asList(pvs.getPropertyValues());
}
//获取自定义类型转器，类型转换器主要用于如xml里定义的map ,int arrayList 等 这些类型数据转换
TypeConverter converter = getCustomTypeConverter();
if (converter == null) {
converter = bw;
}
BeanDefinitionValueResolver valueResolver = new BeanDefinitionValueResolver(this, beanName, mbd, converter);
// Create a deep copy, resolving any references for values.
List<PropertyValue> deepCopy = new ArrayList<PropertyValue>(original.size());
boolean resolveNecessary = false;
for (PropertyValue pv : original) {
if (pv.isConverted()) {
deepCopy.add(pv);
}
else {
String propertyName = pv.getName();
Object originalValue = pv.getValue();
//处理依赖嵌套，如A依赖B，B依赖C ,那么B应是A的属性，最终到beanfactory里去找B实例，这样递归去找
Object resolvedValue = valueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(pv, originalValue);
Object convertedValue = resolvedValue;
boolean convertible = bw.isWritableProperty(propertyName) &&
!PropertyAccessorUtils.isNestedOrIndexedProperty(propertyName);
if (convertible) {
//获取通过类型转换器转换到的值，
convertedValue = convertForProperty(resolvedValue, propertyName, bw, converter);
}
// Possibly store converted value in merged bean definition,
// in order to avoid re-conversion for every created bean instance.
if (resolvedValue == originalValue) {
if (convertible) {
pv.setConvertedValue(convertedValue);
}
deepCopy.add(pv);
}
else if (convertible && originalValue instanceof TypedStringValue &&
!((TypedStringValue) originalValue).isDynamic() &&
!(convertedValue instanceof Collection || ObjectUtils.isArray(convertedValue))) {
pv.setConvertedValue(convertedValue);
deepCopy.add(pv);
}
else {
resolveNecessary = true;
deepCopy.add(new PropertyValue(pv, convertedValue));
}
}
}
if (mpvs != null && !resolveNecessary) {
mpvs.setConverted();
}
// Set our (possibly massaged) deep copy.
try {
//通过java bean 的内省方式去设置属性值,到这里已经是把某个属性值注入了
bw.setPropertyValues(new MutablePropertyValues(deepCopy));
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Error setting property values", ex);
}
}
3 注入嵌套处理
BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary
A依赖B,B依赖C，那么在创建A后注入B时就得创建B,创建B里发现得注入C，这样子一层层的递归处理，处理的核心方法就在resolveValueIfNecessary方法里；
public Object resolveValueIfNecessary(Object argName, Object value) {
// We must check each value to see whether it requires a runtime reference
// to another bean to be resolved.
if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanReference) {
RuntimeBeanReference ref = (RuntimeBeanReference) value;
return resolveReference(argName, ref);
}
//此处省略一堆代码...
}
private Object resolveReference(Object argName, RuntimeBeanReference ref) {
try {
String refName = ref.getBeanName();
refName = String.valueOf(doEvaluate(refName));
if (ref.isToParent()) {
if (this.beanFactory.getParentBeanFactory() == null) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
this.beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), this.beanName,
"Can't resolve reference to bean '" + refName +
"' in parent factory: no parent factory available");
}
//从父容器里获取实便
return this.beanFactory.getParentBeanFactory().getBean(refName);
}
else {
//从当前容器里获取实现，这里的获取跟一开始一样了递归
Object bean = this.beanFactory.getBean(refName);
this.beanFactory.registerDependentBean(refName, this.beanName);
return bean;
}
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
this.beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), this.beanName,
"Cannot resolve reference to bean '" + ref.getBeanName() + "' while setting " + argName, ex);
}
}4 依赖注入后处理
前面提到initializeBean方法的作用，据名称可以猜测方法对刚创建的实例进行初始化，具体怎么处理看代码
protected Object initializeBean(final String beanName, final Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
//省略一些代码
try {
//该方法主要是执行实现了InitializingBean的afterPropertiesSet方法，可以做一些初始化动作
invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
(mbd != null ? mbd.getResourceDescription() : null),
beanName, "Invocation of init method failed", ex);
}
if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {
//应用实例后处理：主要是执行实现了BeanPostProcessor 接口bean的postProcessAfterInitialization
//方法，spring-aop事务等的扩展都是利用这个返回一个目标的代理去实现
wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
}
return wrappedBean;
}
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