Supporting Different Platform Versions(如何支持不同版本的安卓平台)

本文介绍了如何通过指定最小及目标API版本、在运行时检查系统版本、使用平台自带样式和主题等方法,将最新API应用到旧版本Android设备上,确保应用在不同版本设备上的稳定运行。

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        当最新发布的android平台为你的应用提供非常棒的api的同时,你也应该确保你的应用能够在那些依然使用着旧版本的android设备上正常运行,直到这些用户更换新手机为止。这节课,我们将教你如何将最新的api使用到旧版本上。
       根据设备访问谷歌商店的统计表格的定期更新上可以看到,每个设备运行的版本以及它们的分布。一般来说一个优秀的app需要支持将近90%的安卓设备。
       提示:为了能够在各个版本的android设备上提供可靠的性能,开发者必须在其自己的app中添加 Android Support Library。

1、Specify Minimum and Target API Levels(指定最小以及目标api等级)     

     在AndroidManifest.xml文件中具体描述了开发者的app的支持版本

<manifestxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" ... >
   
<uses-sdkandroid:minSdkVersion="4"android:targetSdkVersion="15"/>
    ...
</manifest>

2、Check System Version at Runtime(在运行时检查系统版本)   

    android在编译class时会为每个版本的平台提供一个独一无二的代码,使用这些代码可以确保高等级的api只能运行在高等级的版本中。
privatevoid setUpActionBar(){
   
// Make sure we're running on Honeycomb or higher to use ActionBar APIs
   
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >=Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB){
       
ActionBar actionBar = getActionBar();
        actionBar
.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
   
}
} 
   注意 :android在解析xml资源的时候会忽略xml属性是否能够被当前设备版本所支持。因此你可以放心的使用这些只在最新的版本中才支持的xml属性而不必担心其会出错。例如,你设置了targetSdkVersion=‘11’,你的app包含了ActionBar这类默认在android 3.0或更高版本。你只需要设置android:showAsAction="ifRoom" 在你的xml中,旧版本的android平台会自动忽略showAsAction,而不必将xml分割成各个版本类似于 res/menu-v11/

3、Use Platform Styles and Themes(使用平台自带的样式和主题)
   
     android提供了可以用户自己定制的主题。这类主题需要在清单文件中添加。
     让你的activity看起来像一个对话框。
<activityandroid:theme="@android:style/Theme.Dialog">
     确保你的activity有个透明的背景。
<activityandroid:theme="@android:style/Theme.Translucent">
    将你的自定义theme定义在 /res/values/styles.xml:
<activityandroid:theme="@style/CustomTheme">
   将你的自定义theme应用到整个app,添加android:theme
<applicationandroid:theme="@style/CustomTheme">

### PhoneWindowManager Policy Configuration and Management in Android In Android, `PhoneWindowManager` plays a crucial role as it manages window policies specific to phone devices. This component handles various aspects of window behavior including screen power mode changes which can be related to actions like device idle states[^1]. For instance, when managing display settings such as brightness adjustments on different versions of Android OS (like Android 10), interactions occur between Java-level APIs exposed by the system services layer and underlying native implementations found within files like `SurfaceControl.cpp`. Here's an example from this file showing how display brightness might get adjusted at lower levels: ```cpp static jboolean nativeSetDisplayBrightness(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jobject displayTokenObject, jfloat brightness) { ... status_t error = SurfaceComposerClient::setDisplayBrightness(displayToken, brightness); return error == OK ? JNI_TRUE : JNI_FALSE; } ``` Moreover, during boot phases where application processes are prepared for startup after reaching certain milestones indicated through stages like `PHASE_LOCK_SETTINGS_READY`, configurations managed under `PhoneWindowManager` would also come into play ensuring that all necessary parameters concerning windows' appearance and interaction patterns align with expected behaviors set forth by platform guidelines or user preferences. #### Key Responsibilities Include: - Handling key events. - Managing orientation changes. - Controlling navigation bar visibility based upon current activity context. - Regulating immersive full-screen modes among other responsibilities critical towards delivering consistent UI experiences across diverse hardware platforms supporting Android operating systems. --related questions-- 1. How does PhoneWindowManager interact with Activity Manager Service? 2. What mechanisms control the transition between normal operation and doze/idle state regarding window management? 3. Can custom ROM developers modify default PhoneWindowManager functionalities without affecting core stability significantly? 4. In what ways has PhoneWindowManager evolved since earlier versions of Android till date? 5. Which parts of AOSP source code should one explore further to understand deeper about PhoneWindowManager’s internal workings?
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