JDBC优化及工具类封装
现有问题
ThreadLocal
- 为解决多线程程序的并发问题提供了一种新的思路,使用这个工具类可以很简洁地编写出优美的多线程程序,通常用在多线程中管理共享数据库连接、Session等
- ThreadLocal用于保存某个线程共享变量,原因是Java中,每一个线程对象都有一个ThreadLocalMap<ThreadLocal,Object>,其key就是一个ThreadLocal,而Object即为该线程的共享变量
- 这个map通过ThreadLocal的set和get方法操作,对于同一个static ThreadLocal,不同线程只能从中get,set,remove自己的变量,而不影响其他线程的变量
- 在进行对象跨层传递的时候,使用ThreadLocal可以避免多次传递,打破层次间的约束
- 线程间数据隔离
- 进行事务操作,用于存储线程事务信息
- 数据库连接,Session会话管理
- ThreadLocal对象.get:获取ThreadLocal中当前线程共享变量的值
- ThreadLocal对象.set:设置ThreadLocal中当前线程共享变量的值
- ThreadLocal对象.remove:移除ThreadLocal中当前线程共享变量的值
package com.lotus.senior.utils;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;
public class JDBCUtilV2 {
private static DataSource dataSource;
private static ThreadLocal<Connection> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>();
static {
Properties properties = new Properties();
InputStream is = JDBCUtilV2.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("db.properties");
try {
properties.load(is);
dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static Connection getConnection() {
try {
Connection connection = threadLocal.get();
if (connection == null) {
connection = dataSource.getConnection();
threadLocal.set(connection);
}
return connection;
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public static void destory() {
try {
Connection conn = threadLocal.get();
if (conn != null) {
threadLocal.remove();
conn.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
DAO封装
DAO概念
- DAO(Data Access Object)数据访问对象
- Java面向对象语言,数据在Java中通常以对象形式存在,一张表对应一个实体类,一张表的操作对应一个DAO对象
- 在Java操作数据库时,我们会将对同一张表的增删改查操作统一维护起来,维护的这个类即DAO层
- DAO只关注数据库操作,供业务层Service调用,将职责划分清楚
BaseDAO概念
- 基本上每个数据表都应该有一个对应的DAO接口及实现类,发现对所有表的操作(增删改查)代码重复度很高,所以可以抽取公共代码,给这些DAO的实现类抽取一个公共的父类,复用基本操作,称为BaseDAO
BaseDAO搭建
public class BaseDAO {
public int executeUpdate(String sql,Object ... params) {
int row = 0;
Connection conn = JDBCUtilV2.getConnection();
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
try {
preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
if (params != null && params.length > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
preparedStatement.setObject(i+1,params[i]);
}
}
row = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (preparedStatement != null) {
try {
preparedStatement.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
JDBCUtilV2.destory();
}
return row;
}
public <T> List<T> executeQuery(Class<T> clazz,String sql,Object ... params) throws SQLException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchFieldException {
Connection conn = JDBCUtilV2.getConnection();
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
if (params != null && params.length > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
preparedStatement.setObject(i+1,params[i]);
}
}
ResultSet rs = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
ResultSetMetaData metaData = rs.getMetaData();
int columnCount = metaData.getColumnCount();
List<T> list = new ArrayList<>();
while (rs.next()) {
T t = clazz.newInstance();
for (int i = 1; i <= columnCount; i++) {
Object value = rs.getObject(i);
String fieldName = metaData.getColumnLabel(i);
Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(fieldName);
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(t,value);
}
list.add(t);
}
rs.close();
preparedStatement.close();
JDBCUtilV2.destory();
return list;
}
public <T> T executeQueryBean(Class<T> clazz,String sql,Object ... params) throws SQLException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchFieldException {
List<T> list = this.executeQuery(clazz,sql,params);
if (list == null || list.size() == 0) {
return null;
}
return list.get(0);
}
}
package com.lotus.senior.dao;
import com.lotus.senior.pojo.Employee;
import java.util.List;
public interface EmployeeDao {
List<Employee> selectAll();
Employee selectByEmpId(Integer empId);
int insert(Employee employee);
int update(Employee employee);
int delete(Integer empId);
}
package com.lotus.senior.dao.impl;
import com.lotus.senior.dao.BaseDAO;
import com.lotus.senior.dao.EmployeeDao;
import com.lotus.senior.pojo.Employee;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
public class EmployeeDaoImpl extends BaseDAO implements EmployeeDao {
@Override
public List<Employee> selectAll() {
String sql = "select emp_id empId,emp_name empName,emp_salary empSalary,emp_age empAge from t_emp";
try {
return executeQuery(Employee.class,sql,null);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@Override
public Employee selectByEmpId(Integer empId) {
String sql = "select emp_id empId,emp_name empName,emp_salary empSalary,emp_age empAge from t_emp where emp_id = ?";
try {
Employee employee = executeQueryBean(Employee.class, sql, empId);
return employee;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@Override
public int insert(Employee employee) {
try {
String sql = "insert into t_emp(emp_name,emp_salary,emp_age)values(?,?,?)";
return executeUpdate(sql,employee.getEmpName(),employee.getEmpSalary(),employee.getEmpAge());
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@Override
public int update(Employee employee) {
try {
String sql = "update t_emp set emp_salary = ? where emp_id = ?";
return executeUpdate(sql,employee.getEmpSalary(),employee.getEmpId());
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@Override
public int delete(Integer empId) {
try {
String sql = "delete from t_emp where emp_id = ?";
return executeUpdate(sql,empId);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}