git/git

Git - fast, scalable, distributed revision control system
Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations and full access to internals.

Git is an Open Source project covered by the GNU General Public License version 2 (some parts of it are under different licenses, compatible with the GPLv2). It was originally written by Linus Torvalds with help of a group of hackers around the net.

Please read the file INSTALL for installation instructions.

Many Git online resources are accessible from https://git-scm.com/ including full documentation and Git related tools.

See Documentation/gittutorial.txt to get started, then see Documentation/giteveryday.txt for a useful minimum set of commands, and Documentation/git-.txt for documentation of each command. If git has been correctly installed, then the tutorial can also be read with man gittutorial or git help tutorial, and the documentation of each command with man git- or git help .

CVS users may also want to read Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt (man gitcvs-migration or git help cvs-migration if git is installed).

The user discussion and development of Git take place on the Git mailing list – everyone is welcome to post bug reports, feature requests, comments and patches to git@vger.kernel.org (read Documentation/SubmittingPatches for instructions on patch submission). To subscribe to the list, send an email with just “subscribe git” in the body to majordomo@vger.kernel.org. The mailing list archives are available at https://lore.kernel.org/git/, http://marc.info/?l=git and other archival sites.

Issues which are security relevant should be disclosed privately to the Git Security mailing list git-security@googlegroups.com.

The maintainer frequently sends the “What’s cooking” reports that list the current status of various development topics to the mailing list. The discussion following them give a good reference for project status, development direction and remaining tasks.

The name “git” was given by Linus Torvalds when he wrote the very first version. He described the tool as “the stupid content tracker” and the name as (depending on your mood):

random three-letter combination that is pronounceable, and not actually used by any common UNIX command. The fact that it is a mispronunciation of “get” may or may not be relevant.
stupid. contemptible and despicable. simple. Take your pick from the dictionary of slang.
“global information tracker”: you’re in a good mood, and it actually works for you. Angels sing, and a light suddenly fills the room.
“goddamn idiotic truckload of sh*t”: when it breaks

<think> 我们正在处理一个新错误:`error setting certificate file: D:/Git/Git/path/to/isrgrootx1.pem`。这个错误发生在用户尝试访问 'https://github.com/microsoft/unilm.git/' 时。 根据错误信息,问题出在Git无法正确设置证书文件。用户之前可能按照建议尝试手动指定了GitHub的根证书文件(ISRG Root X1),但由于路径配置不正确导致Git无法找到该文件。 错误原因分析: 1. **证书路径配置错误**:用户可能执行了类似 `git config --global http.sslCAInfo D:/Git/Git/path/to/isrgrootx1.pem` 的命令,但实际文件并不在指定路径下。 2. **文件权限问题**:指定路径下的证书文件可能被锁定或Git进程没有读取权限。 3. **证书文件损坏**:下载的证书文件可能不完整或已损坏。 解决方案: 1. **验证证书文件是否存在**: 用户需要检查路径 `D:/Git/Git/path/to/isrgrootx1.pem` 是否存在。如果文件不存在,需要重新下载证书并放置到正确位置。 2. **重新下载证书**: 从官方源下载ISRG Root X1证书: ```bash curl -k https://letsencrypt.org/certs/isrgrootx1.pem -o D:/Git/Git/path/to/isrgrootx1.pem ``` 注意:如果上述路径不存在,应创建目录或选择一个已有目录。 3. **校正Git配置**: 确保配置的路径与实际文件路径完全一致(注意Windows路径分隔符): ```bash git config --global http.sslCAInfo "D:\\Git\\Git\\path\\to\\isrgrootx1.pem" ``` 或者使用正斜杠(Git在Windows上通常接受): ```bash git config --global http.sslCAInfo "D:/Git/Git/path/to/isrgrootx1.pem" ``` 4. **检查文件权限**: 右键单击证书文件 -> 属性 -> 安全 -> 确保当前用户有读取权限。 5. **替代方案(如果上述无效)**: 重置SSL验证配置,改用系统证书库: ```bash git config --global --unset http.sslCAInfo # 删除手动配置 git config --global http.sslVerify true # 确保启用验证(默认值) ``` 然后更新系统根证书(参见操作系统相关方法)。 6. **使用Git内置证书(Windows)**: 如果使用Git for Windows,可尝试指向Git自带的证书: ```bash git config --global http.sslCAInfo "C:/Program Files/Git/mingw64/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt" ``` 注意:路径需根据实际安装位置调整。 根本原因示意图: ```mermaid graph LR A[Git请求] --> B{检查证书配置} B -->|配置了http.sslCAInfo| C[加载指定文件] C -->|文件不存在或不可读| D[报错:error setting certificate file] C -->|文件有效| E[正常连接] B -->|未配置| F[使用系统证书库] ``` §§相关问题§§ 1. 如何验证.pem证书文件的完整性? 2. Git for Windows 的默认证书存储位置在哪里? 3. 在Windows上如何更新系统根证书? 4. 为何手动指定证书路径比系统证书库优先级更高? </think> ### 错误原因分析 访问 `https://github.com/microsoft/unilm.git` 时出现 **`error setting certificate file: D:/Git/Git/path/to/isrgrootx1.pem`** 错误,主要由以下原因导致: 1. **证书路径配置错误** Git 的 SSL 证书路径指向了无效位置(`D:/Git/Git/path/to/isrgrootx1.pem`)。常见原因包括: - 手动配置时路径输入错误(如大小写、斜杠方向错误) - 证书文件被移动或删除 - `isrgrootx1.pem` 文件未实际下载到指定目录 Git 严格验证路径格式,Windows 路径需用双反斜杠或正斜杠: `D:\\Git\\Git\\path\\to\\isrgrootx1.pem` 或 `D:/Git/Git/path/to/isrgrootx1.pem` [^1] 2. **文件权限问题** - Git 进程无权读取 `isrgrootx1.pem` 文件 - 文件被其他程序锁定(如文本编辑器未关闭) - Windows 系统权限继承异常(需检查文件属性 → 安全标签页) 3. **证书文件损坏** - 下载的 `isrgrootx1.pem` 文件不完整(网络中断导致) - 证书内容被意外修改(如用记事本保存后编码错误) - 文件扩展名错误(如误存为 `.txt` 而非 `.pem`) 4. **Git 版本兼容性问题** 旧版 Git for Windows(如 2.30 之前)对自定义证书路径支持不完善,尤其处理 Windows 路径时易出错[^3]。 --- ### 解决方案 #### 步骤 1:验证证书文件存在性 在 PowerShell 执行: ```powershell # 检查文件是否存在 Test-Path -Path "D:/Git/Git/path/to/isrgrootx1.pem" # 若不存在则重新下载 curl -o D:/Git/Git/path/to/isrgrootx1.pem https://letsencrypt.org/certs/isrgrootx1.pem ``` #### 步骤 2:修正 Git 配置 ```bash # 删除错误配置 git config --global --unset http.sslCAInfo # 重新设置证书路径(使用正斜杠) git config --global http.sslCAInfo "D:/Git/Git/path/to/isrgrootx1.pem" ``` #### 步骤 3:权限修复(管理员权限运行) ```powershell # 授予所有用户读取权限 icacls "D:\Git\Git\path\to\isrgrootx1.pem" /grant Everyone:R ``` #### 步骤 4:系统级修复(备选) ```bash # 重置为使用系统证书库 git config --global http.sslCAInfo "" git config --global http.sslVerify true # 更新 Git(解决兼容性问题) git update-git-for-windows ``` --- ### 根本问题示意图 ```mermaid graph TD A[Git请求] --> B{检查sslCAInfo配置} B -->|路径有效| C[加载D:/Git/.../isrgrootx1.pem] C -->|文件存在且可读| D[成功连接GitHub] B -->|路径无效| E[报错:error setting certificate file] C -->|文件损坏或无权访问| E ```
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