filter用法

最新推荐文章于 2025-10-20 09:24:24 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2025-10-20 09:24:24 发布 · 642 阅读

文章标签：

#filter #import #servlet #class #exception #session

本文介绍如何在Java Web应用中实现过滤器，包括初始化、执行过程及销毁等关键步骤，并提供了具体的编码示例，如字符过滤、统一编码设置及登录验证。

如何实现一个过滤器呢？
1.所在的类实现Filter接口
　public interface Filter
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig)throws ServletException
过滤器初始化是在容器启动时自动初始化
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response,FilterChain chain)throws IOException,ServletExcepton
在标准Servlet中的doGet或doPost 方法中，传递参数为：HttpServletRequest、HttpServletResponse
过滤器销毁
public void destroy()

package cn.mldn.lxh.filter
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
public class FirstFilter implements Filter
{
        public void init(FilterConfig config)throws ServletException
        {
      System.out.println("过滤器初始化");
        }
　　public void doFilter(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response,FilterChain chain) throws IOException,ServletException
{
System.out.println(过滤doFilter);
}
      public void destroy()
{
System.out.println(过滤器销毁);
}
}

web.xml文件配置
<filter>
<filter-name>first</filter-name>
<filter-class>cn.mldn.lxh.filter.FirstFilter</filter-class>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>first</filter-name>

与servlet中的url-pattern不一样，此处表示对那个页面进行过滤，如果全部都过滤，则"/*"
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

如果过滤器要将内容传递到目的地，则需要FilterChain,将请求继续向下转发

过滤器也会执行两次：FilterChain这前执行一次，之后再执行一次

1.过滤非法文字：
package cn.mldn.lxh.filter;
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
public class CharFilter implements Filter
{
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig)throws ServletException
    {
     //System.out.println("init");
    }
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response,FilterChain chain)throws IOException,ServletException
{
String content=request.getParameter("content");
//如果indexOf返回-1则表示没有查到所要的内容
if(content!=null)
if(content.indexOf("AAA")==-1)
{
chain.doFilter(request,response);
}
esle
{
System.out.println("有非法文字");
//如果需要的话，此处依然可以使用RequestDispatcher进行跳转
}
}
else
{
chain.doFilter(request,response);
}
}
public void destroy()
{
//System.out.println("过滤器销毁");
}

<filter>
<filter-name>char</filter-name>
<filter-class>cn.mldn.lxh.filter.CharFilter</filter-class>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>char</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

2.对内容进行统一的编码
setCharacterEncoding("GB2312");

package cn.mldn.lxh.filter;
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter
{
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig)throws ServletException
{
//System.out.println("过滤器初始化");
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response,FilterChain chain)throws IOException,ServletException
{
try{
request.setCharacterEncoding("GB2312");
}
catch(Exception e)
{}
chain.doFilter(request,response);
}
public void destroy()
{
//System.out.println("销毁");
}
}

<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class></filter-class>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

3.登陆验证
package cn.mldn.lxh.filter;
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class LoginFilter implements Filter
{
public void init(FilterCoinfig filterConfig)throws ServletException
{
//System.out.println("过滤器初始化");
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response,FilterChain chain)throws IOException,ServletException
{
//Session属于http范畴，把以ServletRequest对象需要先转换成HttpServletRequest对象
HttpServletRequest req=(HttpServletRequest)request;
HttpSession session =req.getSession();
//如果session不为空，则可以浏览其它页面
if(session.getAttribute("uname")!=null)
{
chain.doFilter(request,response);
}
else
{
//通过requestDispatcher跳转到登陆面
request.getRequestDispatcher("login.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
}
public void destroy()
{
//System,out.println("销毁");
}
}

<filter>
<filter-name>login</filter-name>
<filter-class>cn.mldn.lxh.filter.LoginFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>login</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>