C标准库

C Language Library

The C++ library includes the same definitions as the C language library organized in the same structure of header files, with the following differences:

• Each header file has the same name as the C language version but with a "c" prefix and no extension. For example, the C++ equivalent for the C language header file <stdlib.h> is <cstdlib>.
• Every element of the library is defined within the std namespace.

Nevertheless, for compatibility with C, the traditional header names name.h (like stdlib.h) are also provided with the same definitions within the global namespace. In the examples provided in this reference, this version is used so that the examples are fully C-compatible, although its use is deprecated in C++.

The are also certain specific changes in the C++ implementation:

• wchar_t is a fundamental type in C++ and therefore does not appear as a defined type in the corresponding header files where it appears in C. The same applies to several macros introduced by amendment 1 to ISO C in the header file <iso646.h>, which are keywords in C++.
• The following functions have changes in their declarations related to the constness of their parameters: strchr, strpbrk, strrchr, strstr, memchr.
• The functions atexit, exit and abort, defined in <cstdlib> have additions to their behavior in C++.
• Overloaded versions of some functions are provided with additional types as parameters and the same semantics, like float and long double versions of the functions in the cmath header file, or long versions for abs and div.

Note on versions

C++ includes the C library as described by the 1990 ISO standard and its amendment #1 (ISO/IEC 9899:1990 and ISO/IEC 9899:1990/DAM 1). Some introductions made in the 1999 ISO standard are not compatible with the C++ standard.

Headers

cassert (assert.h)

C Diagnostics Library (header)

cctype (ctype.h)

Character handling functions (header)

cerrno (errno.h)

C Errors (header)

cfloat (float.h)

Characteristics of floating-point types (header)

ciso646 (iso646.h)

ISO 646 Alternative operator spellings (header)

climits (limits.h)

Sizes of integral types (header)

clocale (locale.h)

C localization library (header)

cmath (math.h)

C numerics library (header)

csetjmp (setjmp.h)

Non local jumps (header)

csignal (signal.h)

C library to handle signals (header)

cstdarg (stdarg.h)

Variable arguments handling (header)

cstddef (stddef.h)

C Standard definitions (header)

cstdio (stdio.h)

C library to perform Input/Output operations (header)

cstdlib (stdlib.h)

C Standard General Utilities Library (header)

cstring (string.h)

C Strings (header)

ctime

C Time Library (header)

Amendment 1 to ISO-C 90 added two additional headers: cwchar and cwctype.