WNDCLASS(wndclass)

本文详细解析了窗口类属性与函数的作用,包括UINTstyle、WNDPROC、参数三和四、参数五至十等关键概念,以及如何在实际编程中应用这些知识。

参数一、UINT style:cs:“类风格”标识符

/*
 * Class styles
 */
#define CS_VREDRAW          0x0001              //垂直方向改变后刷新窗口
#define CS_HREDRAW          0x0002              //水平方向改变后刷新窗口
#define CS_DBLCLKS          0x0008               //当指针在属于此类的窗体内部,并且用户双击鼠标时,将会发送一个双击消息到窗体程序。
#define CS_OWNDC            0x0020               //为此类中的每一个窗体分配唯一的设备环境。
#define CS_CLASSDC          0x0040            //分配一个设备环境并被类中的所有窗体共享。由于窗体类被处理特化,它是可以适用于一个应用程序的若干线程创建 一个相同类的窗体。它同样适用于多个线程试图同时使用相同的设备环境。当此种情况发生时,系统只允许一个线程去成功的它的绘 图操作。
#define CS_PARENTDC         0x0080          //设置子窗体中剪下的矩形到父窗体中,以使子窗全可以在父窗体上绘图。一个具有CS_PARENTDC属性 控制的窗体从设备环境的系统缓存中接收到一个规则的设备环境。它不把父窗体的设备环境或设备环境设置给予子窗体。指定 CS_PARENTDC以提高应用程序的性能。
#define CS_NOCLOSE          0x0200  //关闭按扭不可用。
#define CS_SAVEBITS         0x0800    //保存被此类的一个窗体摭住的屏幕图象的一部分为位图。当窗体被移动,系统使用保存过的位图去恢复屏幕图 象,包括其它被摭住的窗体。因此如果被位图使用内存没有被释放,并且其它的屏幕动作没有使储存的图像无效。系统不会发送WM_PAINT 消息到被摭盖的窗体。这种类型对在其它屏幕动作发生时被暂时显示小窗体(如菜单或对话框)很有用。这种类型增加了显示窗体所 需的时间,因为系统必须先分配内存去存储位图。
#define CS_BYTEALIGNCLIENT  0x1000   //在字节边界(在X方向)上对齐窗体的客户区。此类型将影响到在窗体显示时它的宽度和它的水平 位置。
#define CS_BYTEALIGNWINDOW  0x2000 // 在字节边界(在X方向)上对齐窗体。此类型将影响到在窗体显示时它的宽度和它的水平位置。
#define CS_GLOBALCLASS      0x4000   //指定此窗体类是一个应用程序全局类。应用程序全局类是由一个在进程中对所有模块有效的exe或 ddl注册的一个窗体类。

#define CS_IME              0x00010000


// end_r_winuser

#endif /* !NOWINSTYLES */

 

参数二、WNDPROC     lpfnWndProc:是所有基于这个类来创建的窗口所使用的窗口过程的地址(指向函数的指针)

 

参数三 和 参数四

    int         cbClsExtra;
    int         cbWndExtra;

  这两个参数一般为0,是用于在类结构和Windows内部保存的窗口结构中预留一些额外空间

 

参数五

    HINSTANCE   hInstance:程序的实例句柄,在int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)中作为参数传递过来的

 

参数六

    HICON       hIcon:为所有基于这个窗口类建立的窗口设置一个图标:一般默认的设置为:     wndclass.hIcon         = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; (函数返回图标的句柄)其中的第一个参数为程序的实例句柄(对于要获取预先定义的图标句柄,可以将第一个参数设置为NULL),第二个参数标识图标,对于预先定义的图标,此参数是以IDI开始的标识符,在WINUSER.H中定义,IDI_APPLICATION是一个简单的窗口小图形。

 

参数七

     HCURSOR     hCursor:为窗口类建立的窗口设置一个鼠标光标,当鼠标在客户区域上时,鼠标将变成所设置的形状!     wndclass.hCursor       = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;这个函数同上hIcon的函数!

 

参数八

    HBRUSH      hbrBackground:指定基于这个类创建的窗口背景颜色,其中的hbr表示"handle to a brush"刷子句柄。windows有几个标准刷子,也称为“备用刷子”,如     wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH)  GetStockObject调用将返回一个白色刷子的句柄。(貌似(HBRUSH不用加的))

参数九

    LPCWSTR     lpszMenuName:指定窗口类菜单,如没有则为      wndclass.lpszMenuName  = NULL ;

 

参数十

    LPCWSTR     lpszClassName:给出一个类名,对于小程序,类名可以与程序名相同

#define UNICODE #define _UNICODE #include <windows.h> #include <math.h> #include <wchar.h> #include “aip_common.h” // Constants for window dimensions, gravity, and animation #define U4_SIM_WINDOW_WIDTH 600U #define U4_SIM_WINDOW_HEIGHT 500U #define U1_SIM_BALL_RADIUS 10U #define S8_SIM_GRAVITY 0.0008 #define S8_SIM_REBOUND_FACTOR 0.5 #define U4_SIM_GROUND_Y (U4_SIM_WINDOW_HEIGHT - 150U) // UI control IDs and Timer ID #define U2_CTRL_HEIGHT_INPUT 201U #define U2_CTRL_REBOUNDS_INPUT 202U #define U2_CTRL_SUBMIT_BUTTON 203U #define U4_SIM_TIMER_ID 101U // Ball structure typedef struct { S8 S8_X_POSITION; S8 S8_Y_POSITION; S8 S8_VERTICAL_VELOCITY; S8 S8_CURRENT_HEIGHT; U2 U2_REBOUNDS_COUNT; U2 U2_MAX_REBOUNDS; U1 U1_SIM_ACTIVE; U1 U1_IS_FALLING; S8 S8_INITIAL_WAIT_TIME_MS; S8 S8_TOTAL_DISTANCE; } ST_SIM_BALL; // Global variables ST_SIM_BALL ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE = {0}; HWND HWND_CTRL_HEIGHT_INPUT; HWND HWND_CTRL_REBOUNDS_INPUT; HWND HWND_CTRL_SUBMIT_BUTTON; HWND HWND_SIM_MAIN_WINDOW = NULL; HWND HWND_RESULT_WINDOW = NULL; U4 U4_LAST_SIM_TICK_TIME = 0; S8 S8_SIM_REBOUND_HEIGHTS[100] = {0}; S8 S8_SIM_CUMULATIVE_DISTANCES[100] = {0}; // Function prototypes void FP_SIM_INITIALIZE_BALL(S8 S8_INITIAL_HEIGHT_METERS, U2 U2_MAX_REBOUNDS); void FP_SIM_UPDATE_BALL(U4 U4_DELTA_TIME_MS); void FP_SIM_RENDER_SCENE(HDC hdc); LRESULT CALLBACK FP_RESULTS_WINDOW_PROC(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); void FP_DISPLAY_SIMULATION_RESULTS(HINSTANCE HINSTANCE_CURRENT); LRESULT CALLBACK FP_MAIN_WINDOW_PROC(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ Initialize ball properties ------------------------------------------------------------------ */ void FP_SIM_INITIALIZE_BALL(S8 S8_INITIAL_HEIGHT_METERS, U2 U2_MAX_REBOUNDS) { if (S8_INITIAL_HEIGHT_METERS <= 0 || U2_MAX_REBOUNDS <= 0) return; S8 S8_INITIAL_HEIGHT_PIXELS = S8_INITIAL_HEIGHT_METERS * 2.0; ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_X_POSITION = U4_SIM_WINDOW_WIDTH / 2.0; ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_Y_POSITION = U4_SIM_GROUND_Y - S8_INITIAL_HEIGHT_PIXELS; ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_VERTICAL_VELOCITY = 0; ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_CURRENT_HEIGHT = S8_INITIAL_HEIGHT_PIXELS; ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.U2_REBOUNDS_COUNT = 0; ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.U2_MAX_REBOUNDS = U2_MAX_REBOUNDS; ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.U1_SIM_ACTIVE = TRUE; ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.U1_IS_FALLING = FALSE; ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_INITIAL_WAIT_TIME_MS = 2000.0; ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_TOTAL_DISTANCE = 0.0; for (U2 U2_I = 0; U2_I < 100; U2_I++) { S8_SIM_REBOUND_HEIGHTS[U2_I] = 0; S8_SIM_CUMULATIVE_DISTANCES[U2_I] = 0; } } /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ Update ball physics ------------------------------------------------------------------ */ void FP_SIM_UPDATE_BALL(U4 U4_DELTA_TIME_MS) { if (!ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.U1_SIM_ACTIVE) return; if (ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_INITIAL_WAIT_TIME_MS > 0) { ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_INITIAL_WAIT_TIME_MS -= U4_DELTA_TIME_MS; if (ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_INITIAL_WAIT_TIME_MS <= 0) { ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_INITIAL_WAIT_TIME_MS = 0; ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.U1_IS_FALLING = TRUE; } return; } if (ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.U1_IS_FALLING) { ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_VERTICAL_VELOCITY += S8_SIM_GRAVITY * U4_DELTA_TIME_MS; ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_Y_POSITION += ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_VERTICAL_VELOCITY * U4_DELTA_TIME_MS; if (ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_Y_POSITION >= U4_SIM_GROUND_Y - U1_SIM_BALL_RADIUS) { ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_Y_POSITION = U4_SIM_GROUND_Y - U1_SIM_BALL_RADIUS; ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.U1_IS_FALLING = FALSE; S8_SIM_CUMULATIVE_DISTANCES[ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.U2_REBOUNDS_COUNT] = ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_TOTAL_DISTANCE + ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_CURRENT_HEIGHT; S8_SIM_REBOUND_HEIGHTS[ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.U2_REBOUNDS_COUNT] = ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_CURRENT_HEIGHT * S8_SIM_REBOUND_FACTOR; ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_TOTAL_DISTANCE += ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_CURRENT_HEIGHT; ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.U2_REBOUNDS_COUNT++; if (ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.U2_REBOUNDS_COUNT < ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.U2_MAX_REBOUNDS) { ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_CURRENT_HEIGHT *= S8_SIM_REBOUND_FACTOR; ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_VERTICAL_VELOCITY = -sqrt(2.0 * S8_SIM_GRAVITY * ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_CURRENT_HEIGHT); } else { ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.U1_SIM_ACTIVE = FALSE; } } } else { ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_Y_POSITION += ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_VERTICAL_VELOCITY * U4_DELTA_TIME_MS; ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_VERTICAL_VELOCITY += S8_SIM_GRAVITY * U4_DELTA_TIME_MS; if (ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_VERTICAL_VELOCITY >= 0) { ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.U1_IS_FALLING = TRUE; } } } /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ Render simulation scene ------------------------------------------------------------------ */ void FP_SIM_RENDER_SCENE(HDC hdc) { // Draw ground HPEN HPEN_GROUND = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 2, RGB(0, 128, 0)); HPEN HPEN_OLD = (HPEN)SelectObject(hdc, HPEN_GROUND); MoveToEx(hdc, 0, U4_SIM_GROUND_Y, NULL); LineTo(hdc, U4_SIM_WINDOW_WIDTH, U4_SIM_GROUND_Y); SelectObject(hdc, HPEN_OLD); DeleteObject(HPEN_GROUND); // Draw ball HBRUSH HBRUSH_BALL = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(139, 69, 19)); HBRUSH HBRUSH_OLD = (HBRUSH)SelectObject(hdc, HBRUSH_BALL); Ellipse(hdc, (int)(ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_X_POSITION - U1_SIM_BALL_RADIUS), (int)(ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_Y_POSITION - U1_SIM_BALL_RADIUS), (int)(ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_X_POSITION + U1_SIM_BALL_RADIUS), (int)(ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_Y_POSITION + U1_SIM_BALL_RADIUS)); SelectObject(hdc, HBRUSH_OLD); DeleteObject(HBRUSH_BALL); } /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ Result window procedure ------------------------------------------------------------------ */ LRESULT CALLBACK FP_RESULTS_WINDOW_PROC(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (msg) { case WM_PAINT: { PAINTSTRUCT ps; HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps); wchar_t WSTRING_BUFFER[256]; U2 U2_OFFSET = 10; HFONT HFONT_RESULT = CreateFontW(18, 0, 0, 0, FW_NORMAL, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, DEFAULT_CHARSET, OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS, CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY, DEFAULT_PITCH | FF_SWISS, L"Arial"); HFONT HFONT_OLD = (HFONT)SelectObject(hdc, HFONT_RESULT); swprintf(WSTRING_BUFFER, 256, L"Total Travel Distance: %.2f meters", ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_TOTAL_DISTANCE / 2.0); TextOutW(hdc, 10, U2_OFFSET, WSTRING_BUFFER, wcslen(WSTRING_BUFFER)); U2_OFFSET += 20; for (U2 U2_I = 0; U2_I < ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.U2_REBOUNDS_COUNT; U2_I++) { swprintf(WSTRING_BUFFER, 256, L"Rebound %d Height: %.2f meters", U2_I + 1, S8_SIM_REBOUND_HEIGHTS[U2_I] / 2.0); TextOutW(hdc, 10, U2_OFFSET, WSTRING_BUFFER, wcslen(WSTRING_BUFFER)); U2_OFFSET += 20; swprintf(WSTRING_BUFFER, 256, L"Cumulative Distance: %.2f meters", S8_SIM_CUMULATIVE_DISTANCES[U2_I] / 2.0); TextOutW(hdc, 10, U2_OFFSET, WSTRING_BUFFER, wcslen(WSTRING_BUFFER)); U2_OFFSET += 20; } SelectObject(hdc, HFONT_OLD); DeleteObject(HFONT_RESULT); EndPaint(hwnd, &ps); return 0; } case WM_DESTROY: HWND_RESULT_WINDOW = NULL; return 0; default: return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam); } return 0; } /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ Display simulation results ------------------------------------------------------------------ */ void FP_DISPLAY_SIMULATION_RESULTS(HINSTANCE HINSTANCE_CURRENT) { if (HWND_RESULT_WINDOW != NULL) { InvalidateRect(HWND_RESULT_WINDOW, NULL, TRUE); return; } const wchar_t CLASS_NAME[] = L"ResultWindow"; WNDCLASS WNDCLASS_RESULTS = {0}; WNDCLASS_RESULTS.lpfnWndProc = FP_RESULTS_WINDOW_PROC; WNDCLASS_RESULTS.hInstance = HINSTANCE_CURRENT; WNDCLASS_RESULTS.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME; WNDCLASS_RESULTS.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1); RegisterClass(&WNDCLASS_RESULTS); HWND_RESULT_WINDOW = CreateWindow(CLASS_NAME, L"Simulation Results", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 800, 600, NULL, NULL, HINSTANCE_CURRENT, NULL); ShowWindow(HWND_RESULT_WINDOW, SW_SHOW); UpdateWindow(HWND_RESULT_WINDOW); } /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ Main window procedure ------------------------------------------------------------------ */ LRESULT CALLBACK FP_MAIN_WINDOW_PROC(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (msg) { case WM_CREATE: { // Create input controls CreateWindow(L"STATIC", L"Initial Height (meters):", WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD, 20, U4_SIM_WINDOW_HEIGHT - 140, 170, 30, hwnd, NULL, NULL, NULL); HWND_CTRL_HEIGHT_INPUT = CreateWindow(L"EDIT", L"100", WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD | WS_BORDER | ES_NUMBER, 190, U4_SIM_WINDOW_HEIGHT - 140, 100, 30, hwnd, (HMENU)U2_CTRL_HEIGHT_INPUT, NULL, NULL); CreateWindow(L"STATIC", L"Max Rebounds:", WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD, 20, U4_SIM_WINDOW_HEIGHT - 100, 170, 30, hwnd, NULL, NULL, NULL); HWND_CTRL_REBOUNDS_INPUT = CreateWindow(L"EDIT", L"10", WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD | WS_BORDER | ES_NUMBER, 190, U4_SIM_WINDOW_HEIGHT - 100, 100, 30, hwnd, (HMENU)U2_CTRL_REBOUNDS_INPUT, NULL, NULL); HWND_CTRL_SUBMIT_BUTTON = CreateWindow(L"BUTTON", L"Submit", WS_VISIBLE | WS_CHILD, 310, U4_SIM_WINDOW_HEIGHT - 120, 100, 40, hwnd, (HMENU)U2_CTRL_SUBMIT_BUTTON, NULL, NULL); // Initialize default ball position ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_X_POSITION = U4_SIM_WINDOW_WIDTH / 2.0; ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_Y_POSITION = U4_SIM_GROUND_Y - 50; SetTimer(hwnd, U4_SIM_TIMER_ID, 10, NULL); return 0; } case WM_COMMAND: { if (LOWORD(wParam) == U2_CTRL_SUBMIT_BUTTON) { wchar_t HEIGHT_BUFFER[32], REBOUNDS_BUFFER[32]; // Get input values GetWindowText(HWND_CTRL_HEIGHT_INPUT, HEIGHT_BUFFER, 32); double HEIGHT_VALUE = _wtof(HEIGHT_BUFFER); GetWindowText(HWND_CTRL_REBOUNDS_INPUT, REBOUNDS_BUFFER, 32); int REBOUNDS_VALUE = _wtoi(REBOUNDS_BUFFER); // Validate inputs if (HEIGHT_VALUE <= 0 || HEIGHT_VALUE > 150) { MessageBox(hwnd, L"Height out of range! (0-150 meters)", L"Invalid Input", MB_ICONERROR); return 0; } if (REBOUNDS_VALUE <= 0 || REBOUNDS_VALUE > 100) { MessageBox(hwnd, L"Rebound count must be between 1-100", L"Invalid Input", MB_ICONERROR); return 0; } // Stop current simulation KillTimer(hwnd, U4_SIM_TIMER_ID); // Initialize new simulation FP_SIM_INITIALIZE_BALL(HEIGHT_VALUE, REBOUNDS_VALUE); // Record start time U4_LAST_SIM_TICK_TIME = GetTickCount(); // Restart timer SetTimer(hwnd, U4_SIM_TIMER_ID, 10, NULL); // Force redraw InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, TRUE); } return 0; } case WM_TIMER: { if (wParam == U4_SIM_TIMER_ID) { // Calculate time delta U4 CURRENT_TIME = GetTickCount(); U4 DELTA_TIME = (U4_LAST_SIM_TICK_TIME == 0) ? 0 : (CURRENT_TIME - U4_LAST_SIM_TICK_TIME); U4_LAST_SIM_TICK_TIME = CURRENT_TIME; if (ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.U1_SIM_ACTIVE) { // Update ball physics FP_SIM_UPDATE_BALL(DELTA_TIME); // Redraw only the necessary area RECT UPDATE_RECT = { 0, 0, U4_SIM_WINDOW_WIDTH, U4_SIM_GROUND_Y + U1_SIM_BALL_RADIUS }; InvalidateRect(hwnd, &UPDATE_RECT, TRUE); } else { // Simulation complete - show results KillTimer(hwnd, U4_SIM_TIMER_ID); FP_DISPLAY_SIMULATION_RESULTS( (HINSTANCE)GetWindowLongPtr(hwnd, GWLP_HINSTANCE) ); } } return 0; } case WM_PAINT: { PAINTSTRUCT ps; HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps); // Clear background RECT rect; GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect); FillRect(hdc, &rect, (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1)); // Draw simulation elements FP_SIM_RENDER_SCENE(hdc); // Display initial wait state if (ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_INITIAL_WAIT_TIME_MS > 0) { wchar_t STATUS[100]; swprintf(STATUS, 100, L"Initial state: %.1f seconds remaining", ST_SIM_BALL_INSTANCE.S8_INITIAL_WAIT_TIME_MS / 1000.0); HFONT HFONT_STATUS = CreateFont(18, 0, 0, 0, FW_NORMAL, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, DEFAULT_CHARSET, OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS, CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY, DEFAULT_PITCH, L"Arial"); HFONT HFONT_OLD = (HFONT)SelectObject(hdc, HFONT_STATUS); TextOut(hdc, 20, 20, STATUS, wcslen(STATUS)); SelectObject(hdc, HFONT_OLD); DeleteObject(HFONT_STATUS); } EndPaint(hwnd, &ps); return 0; } case WM_DESTROY: { KillTimer(hwnd, U4_SIM_TIMER_ID); PostQuitMessage(0); return 0; } default: return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam); } return 0; } /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ Application entry point ------------------------------------------------------------------ */ int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { const wchar_t CLASS_NAME[] = L"BouncingBallSimulation"; WNDCLASS WNDCLASS_MAIN = {0}; WNDCLASS_MAIN.lpfnWndProc = FP_MAIN_WINDOW_PROC; WNDCLASS_MAIN.hInstance = hInstance; WNDCLASS_MAIN.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME; WNDCLASS_MAIN.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1); if (!RegisterClass(&WNDCLASS_MAIN)) { return 0; } // Calculate window size including non-client area RECT rect = {0, 0, U4_SIM_WINDOW_WIDTH, U4_SIM_WINDOW_HEIGHT}; AdjustWindowRect(&rect, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, TRUE); int WIDTH = rect.right - rect.left; int HEIGHT = rect.bottom - rect.top; // Create main window HWND_SIM_MAIN_WINDOW = CreateWindow( CLASS_NAME, L"Bouncing Ball Simulation", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, WIDTH, HEIGHT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL ); if (!HWND_SIM_MAIN_WINDOW) { return 0; } // Main message loop MSG MSG_SIM_LOOP; while (GetMessage(&MSG_SIM_LOOP, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&MSG_SIM_LOOP); DispatchMessage(&MSG_SIM_LOOP); } return (int)MSG_SIM_LOOP.wParam; } 就在源代码上修改编码规范,刚刚的代码又逻辑不通了’
08-09
#include <windows.h> //窗口处理函数WndProc()的声明 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); //主函数,程序的入口,相当于之前的main()函数 int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { static char szAppName[] = "HelloWin"; HWND hwnd; MSG msg; WNDCLASS wndclass;//WNDCLASSEX也行,会多几个分量,配合RegisterClassEX使用 //设置WNDCLASS结构体,为下一步调用RegisterClass()函数做准备 wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;//支持重绘,不能为0 wndclass.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc;//主函数与窗口处理函数绑定 wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH); wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName; //注册 if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass)) { MessageBox(NULL, "This program requires Windows NT!", szAppName, MB_ICONERROR); return 0; } //调用CreateWindow()函数创建窗体 hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, // window class name "The Windows Program", // window caption WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, // window style CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial x position CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial y position CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial x size CW_USEDEFAULT, // initial y size NULL, // parent window handle NULL, // window menu handle hInstance, // program instance handle NULL); // creation parameters //显示和更新窗口 ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow); UpdateWindow(hwnd); //消息循环,不停接收消息直至收到WM_QUIT消息后,跳出循环,程序结束 while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))//如果函数取得WM_QUIT之外的其他消息,返回非零值。如果函数取得WM_QUIT消息,返回值是零 { TranslateMessage(&msg);//翻译消息,将按键消息转换为字符消息 DispatchMessage(&msg);//以此消息为参数转发给相应的窗口消息处理程序 } return msg.wParam; } //窗口处理函数,函数格式固定,函数名无所谓 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { //Code 使用以上的框架代码,编写程序,要求不断变换窗口屏幕中的颜色,以红橙黄绿青蓝紫的顺序依次变换,间隔0.5秒,不断循环
03-12
#include <windows.h> LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("HelloWin"); HWND hwnd; MSG msg; WNDCLASS wndclass; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH); wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName; if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass)) { MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR); return 0; } hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, TEXT("The Hello Program"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow); UpdateWindow(hwnd); while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } return msg.wParam; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (message) { case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); return 0; } return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam); } // 在窗口创建后添加按钮控件 HWND hButton = CreateWindow( TEXT("BUTTON"), // 控件类名 TEXT("Click Me"), // 按钮文本 WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE, // 样式 10, 10, 100, 30, // 位置和大小 hwnd, // 父窗口句柄 (HMENU)1, // 控件ID hInstance, // 实例句柄 NULL // 额外参数 ); MoveWindow(hButton, 20, 20, 120, 40, TRUE); // 注册子窗口类 WNDCLASS childWndClass; childWndClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; childWndClass.lpfnWndProc = ChildWndProc; // 其他属性设置... RegisterClass(&childWndClass); // 创建子窗口 HWND hChildWnd = CreateWindow( TEXT("ChildWindowClass"), TEXT("Child Window"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 200, 200, 300, 200, hwnd, NULL, hInstance, NULL ); ShowWindow(hChildWnd, SW_SHOW); UpdateWindow(hChildWnd);
最新发布
11-04
#include <windows.h> #include <windowsx.h> #define ID_TIMER 1 #define STRMAXLEN 25 //一个显示列的最大长度 #define STRMINLEN 8 //一个显示列的最小长度 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ; ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// typedef struct tagCharChain //整个当作屏幕的一个显示列,这是个双向列表 { struct tagCharChain *prev; //链表的前个元素 TCHAR ch; //一个显示列中的一个字符 struct tagCharChain *next; //链表的后个元素 }CharChain, *pCharChain; typedef struct tagCharColumn { CharChain *head, *current, *point; int x, y, iStrLen; //显示列的开始显示的x,y坐标,iStrLen是这个列的长度 int iStopTimes, iMustStopTimes; //已经停滞的次数和必须停滞的次数,必须停滞的次数是随机的 }CharColumn, *pCharColumn; int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("matrix") ; HWND hwnd ; MSG msg ; WNDCLASS wndclass ; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; // class style wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (BLACK_BRUSH) ; wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ; if(!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("此程序必须运行在NT下!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0; } hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, NULL, WS_DLGFRAME | WS_THICKFRAME | WS_POPUP, // windows style 0, 0, GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN), GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN), NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ; ShowWindow (hwnd, SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED) ; //最大化显示 show windows UpdateWindow (hwnd) ; ShowCursor(FALSE); //隐藏鼠标光标 srand ((int) GetCurrentTime ()) ; //初始化随机数发生器 while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; DispatchMessage (&msg) ; } ShowCursor(TRUE); //显示鼠标光标 return msg.wParam ; } TCHAR randomChar() //随机字符产生函数 { return (TCHAR)(rand()%(126-33)+33); //33到126之间 } int init(CharColumn *cc, int cyScreen, int x) //初始化 { int j; cc->iStrLen = rand()%(STRMAXLEN-STRMINLEN) + STRMINLEN; //显示列的长度 cc->x = x+3 ; //显示列的开始显示的x坐标 cc->y =rand()%3?rand()%cyScreen:0; //显示列的开始显示的y坐标 cc->iMustStopTimes = rand()%6 ; cc->iStopTimes = 0 ; cc->head = cc->current = (pCharChain)calloc(cc->iStrLen, sizeof(CharChain)); //生成显示列 for(j=0; j<cc->iStrLen-1; j++) { cc->current->prev = cc->point; //cc->point一个显示列的前个元素 cc->current->ch = '\0'; cc->current->next = cc->current+1; //cc->current+1一个显示列的后个元素 cc->point = cc->current++; //cc->point = cc->current; cc->current++; } cc->current->prev = cc->point; //最后一个节点 cc->current->ch = '\0'; cc->current->next = cc->head; cc->head->prev = cc->current; //头节点的前一个为此链的最后一个元素 cc->current = cc->point = cc->head; //free掉申请的内存要用current当参数 cc->head->ch = randomChar(); // 对链表头的 元素填充 return 0; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { HDC hdc ; //ctn 用来确定一个显示链是否 向下前进,如果等待次数超过必须等待的次数,ctn就代表要向下前进 int i, j, temp, ctn; //j为一个显示链中除链表头外的在屏幕上显示的y坐标,temp绿色过度到黑色之用 static HDC hdcMem; HFONT hFont; static HBITMAP hBitmap; static int cxScreen, cyScreen; //屏幕的宽度 高度. static int iFontWidth=10, iFontHeight=15, iColumnCount; //字体的宽度 高度, 列数 static CharColumn *ccChain; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: cxScreen = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN) ; //屏幕宽度 cyScreen = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN) ; SetTimer (hwnd, ID_TIMER, 10, NULL) ; hdc = GetDC(hwnd); hdcMem = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc); hBitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdc, cxScreen, cyScreen); SelectObject(hdcMem, hBitmap); ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc); //创建字体 hFont = CreateFont(iFontHeight, iFontWidth-5, 0, 0, FW_BOLD, 0, 0, 0, DEFAULT_CHARSET, OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS, CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS, DRAFT_QUALITY, FIXED_PITCH | FF_SWISS, TEXT("Fixedsys")); SelectObject(hdcMem, hFont); DeleteObject (hFont) ; SetBkMode(hdcMem, TRANSPARENT); //设置背景模式为 透明 iColumnCount = cxScreen/(iFontWidth*3/2); //屏幕所显示字母雨的列数 ccChain = (pCharColumn)calloc(iColumnCount, sizeof(CharColumn)); for(i=0; i<iColumnCount; i++) { init(ccChain+i, cyScreen, (iFontWidth*3/2)*i); } return 0 ; case WM_TIMER: hdc = GetDC(hwnd); PatBlt (hdcMem, 0, 0, cxScreen, cyScreen, BLACKNESS) ; //将内存设备映像刷成黑色 for(i=0; i<iColumnCount; i++) { ctn = (ccChain+i)->iStopTimes++ > (ccChain+i)->iMustStopTimes; // (ccChain+i)->point = (ccChain+i)->head; //point用于遍历整个显示列 //第一个字符显示为 白色 SetTextColor(hdcMem, RGB(255, 255, 255)); TextOut(hdcMem, (ccChain+i)->x, (ccChain+i)->y, &((ccChain+i)->point->ch), 1); j = (ccChain+i)->y; (ccChain+i)->point = (ccChain+i)->point->next; //遍历整个显示列,将这个显示列里的字符从下往上显示 temp = 0 ; //temp绿色过度到黑色之用 while((ccChain+i)->point != (ccChain+i)->head && (ccChain+i)->point->ch) { SetTextColor(hdcMem, RGB(0, 255-(255*(temp++)/(ccChain+i)->iStrLen), 0)); TextOut(hdcMem, (ccChain+i)->x, j-=iFontHeight, &((ccChain+i)->point->ch), 1); (ccChain+i)->point = (ccChain+i)->point->next; } if(ctn) (ccChain+i)->iStopTimes = 0 ; else continue; (ccChain+i)->y += iFontHeight; //下次开始显示的y坐标 为当前的y坐标加上 一个字符的高度 //如果开始显示的y坐标减去 整个显示列的长度超过了屏幕的高度 if( (ccChain+i)->y-(ccChain+i)->iStrLen*iFontHeight > cyScreen) { free( (ccChain+i)->current ); init(ccChain+i, cyScreen, (iFontWidth*3/2)*i); } //链表的头 为此链表的前个元素,因为下次开始显示的时候 就相当与在整个显示列的开头添加个元素,然后在开始往上显示 (ccChain+i)->head = (ccChain+i)->head->prev; (ccChain+i)->head->ch = randomChar(); } BitBlt(hdc, 0, 0, cxScreen, cyScreen, hdcMem, 0, 0, SRCCOPY); ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc); return 0; case WM_RBUTTONDOWN: KillTimer (hwnd, ID_TIMER) ; return 0; case WM_RBUTTONUP: SetTimer (hwnd, ID_TIMER, 10, NULL) ; return 0; //处理善后工作 case WM_KEYDOWN: case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: case WM_DESTROY: KillTimer (hwnd, ID_TIMER) ; DeleteObject(hBitmap); DeleteDC(hdcMem); for(i=0; i<iColumnCount; i++) { free( (ccChain+i)->current ); } free(ccChain); PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; } 修改bug
07-16
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