精通struts的helloapp的build.xml文件

build.properties文件的内容

 tomcat.home=C:/jakarta-tomcat
 webapps.home=C:/jakarta-tomcat/webapps

 

 

 

build.xml文件的内容

 

<project name="helloapp" default="help" basedir=".">

<!-- ===================== Property Definitions =========================== -->

    <!--
         All properties should be defined in this section.
         Any host-specific properties should be defined
         in the build.properties file.

         In this app, the following properties are defined in build.properties:

        o  tomcat.home     - the home directory of your Tomcat installation
        o  webapps.home    - the place to copy the war file to deploy it
    -->

  <property file="build.properties" />
 

  <property name="app.home"          value="." />
  <property name="app.name"          value="helloapp" />
  <property name="javadoc.pkg.top"   value="hello" />

  <property name="src.home"          value="${app.home}/src"/>
  <property name="lib.home"          value="${app.home}/lib"/>
  <property name="classes.home"       value="${app.home}/classes"/>
  <property name="deploy.home"       value="${app.home}/deploy"/>
  <property name="doc.home"          value="${app.home}/doc"/>
  <property name="web.home"          value="${app.home}/web"/>

  <property name="build.home"        value="${app.home}/build"/>
  <property name="build.classes"     value="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes"/>
  <property name="build.lib"         value="${build.home}/WEB-INF/lib"/>

<!-- ==================== Compilation Classpath =========================== -->

    <!--
         This section creates the classpath for compilation.
    -->

  <path id="compile.classpath">

    <!-- The object files for this application -->
    <pathelement location="${classes.home}"/>

    <!-- The lib files for this application -->
    <fileset dir="${lib.home}">
      <include name="*.jar"/>
      <include name="*.zip"/>
    </fileset>

    <!-- All files/jars that Tomcat makes available -->
    <fileset dir="${tomcat.home}/common/lib">
      <include name="*.jar"/>
    </fileset>
    <pathelement location="${tomcat.home}/common/classes"/>

  </path>

<!-- ==================== Build Targets below here========================= -->

<!-- ==================== "help" Target =================================== -->

    <!--
         This is the default ant target executed if no target is specified.
         This helps avoid users just typing 'ant' and running a
         default target that may not do what they are anticipating...
    -->

 <target name="help" >
   <echo message="Please specify a target! [usage: ant &lt;targetname&gt;]" />
   <echo message="Here is a list of possible targets: "/>
   <echo message="  clean-all.....Delete build dir, all .class and war files"/>
   <echo message="  prepare.......Creates directories if required" />
   <echo message="  compile.......Compiles source files" />
   <echo message="  build.........Build war file from .class and other files"/>
   <echo message="  deploy........Copy war file to the webapps directory" />
   <echo message="  javadoc.......Generates javadoc for this application" />
 </target>

<!-- ==================== "clean-all" Target ============================== -->

   <!--
          This target should clean up any traces of the application
          so that if you run a new build directly after cleaning, all
          files will be replaced with what's current in source control
   -->

 <target name="clean-all" >
    <delete dir="${build.home}"/>
    <delete dir="${classes.home}"/>
    <delete dir="${deploy.home}"/>

    <!-- can't delete directory if Tomcat is running -->
    <delete dir="${webapps.home}/${app.name}" failonerror="false"/>

    <!-- deleting the deployed .war file is fine even if Tomcat is running -->
    <delete dir="${webapps.home}/${app.name}.war" />

    <!-- delete the javadoc -->
    <delete dir="${doc.home}"/>

 </target>

<!-- ==================== "prepare" Target ================================ -->

    <!--
          This target is executed prior to any of the later targets
          to make sure the directories exist. It only creates them
          if they need to be created....
          Other, similar, preparation steps can be placed here.
    -->

  <target name="prepare">

    <echo message="Tomcat Home = ${tomcat.home}" />
    <echo message="webapps Home = ${webapps.home}" />

    <mkdir dir="${classes.home}"/>
    <mkdir dir="${deploy.home}"/>

    <mkdir dir="${doc.home}"/>
    <mkdir dir="${doc.home}/api"/>

    <mkdir dir="${build.home}"/>
    <mkdir dir="${build.home}/WEB-INF" />
    <mkdir dir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes" />
    <mkdir dir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/lib" />

  </target>

<!-- ==================== "compile" Target ================================ -->

    <!--
          This only compiles java files that are newer
          than their corresponding .class files.
     -->

  <target name="compile" depends="prepare" >
    <javac srcdir="${src.home}" destdir="${classes.home}" debug="yes" >
        <classpath refid="compile.classpath"/>
    </javac>
  </target>

<!-- ==================== "build" Target ================================== -->

    <!--
          This target builds the war file for the application
          by first building the directory structure of the
          application in ${build.home} and then creating the
          war file using the ant <war> task
     -->

  <target name="build" depends="compile" >

    <!-- Copy all the webapp content (jsp's, html, tld's, xml, etc. -->
    <!-- Note that this also copies the META-INF directory -->
    <copy    todir="${build.home}">
      <fileset dir="${web.home}"/>
    </copy>

    <!-- Now, copy all the Java class files -->
    <copy    todir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes">
      <fileset dir="${classes.home}"/>
    </copy>

    <!-- Now, copy all the properties files, etc that go on the classpath -->
    <copy    todir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes">
      <fileset dir="${src.home}">
         <include name="**/*.properties" />
         <include name="**/*.prop" />
      </fileset>
    </copy>

    <!-- Now, copy all the jar files we need -->
    <copy    todir="${build.home}/WEB-INF/lib">
      <fileset dir="${lib.home}" />
    </copy>

    <!-- Create the <war> file -->
    <jar jarfile="${deploy.home}/${app.name}.war"
         basedir="${build.home}"/>

  </target>

<!-- ==================== "deploy" Target ================================= -->

    <!--
         This target simply copies the war file from the deploy
         directory into the Tomcat webapp directory.
     -->

  <target name="deploy" depends="build" >

    <!-- Copy the contents of the build directory -->
    <copy todir="${webapps.home}"  file="${deploy.home}/${app.name}.war" />

  </target>

<!-- ==================== "doc" Target ==================================== -->

    <!--
         This task creates javadoc. It is dependent upon only the
         'compile' target so it is not executed in a normal build.
         As a result, the target needs to be run on its own.
    -->

  <target name="javadoc" depends="compile">
      <javadoc sourcepath = "${src.home}"
                  destdir = "${doc.home}/api"
             packagenames = "${javadoc.pkg.top}.*"/>
  </target>
 
<!-- ==================== "test" Target ================================== -->

    <!--
        This task runs all test cases. It invokes each test case individually.
        The "test-all" target is tied back to the "struts-test" target which
        actually runs the tests. This allows other test targets to be created
        in this section while maintaining the ability to run each test target
        individually. All individual test targets should be added to the
        "depends" attribute of the "test-all" target to provide a single
        target that runs all tests.
-->

  <target name="test-all" depends="struts-tests" />

  <target name="struts-tests" depends="build" >

      <junit printsummary="yes" >

          <classpath >
              <pathelement location="${classes.home}"/>
              <pathelement location="${build.home}"/>
              <pathelement location="${build.home}/WEB-INF/classes"/>
              <path refid="compile.classpath"/>
          </classpath>

          <formatter type="plain" />
          <test name="hello.mocktest.TestHelloAction" />
          <test name="hello.mocktest.TestHelloActionMultiple" />
      </junit>
   
  </target>
</project>

 

解说:

1.文件的根元素是<project> 它有3个属性。

・name 指定工程的名字

・basedir  指定工程的基路径，如果设置为".",就表示工程的基路径为build.xml文件所在的路径。

・default  是必须指定的属性。它指定工程默认的target元素，运行ant时如果不指定target，则使用default属性指定的target。

本例中定义default为help target。

在build.xml文件中先设置了一些公共属性和classpath，然后定义了7个target。

 

target中的depends属性指定在执行本target之前，必须先执行的target。

 

2.设置公共属性

通过property任务来设置属性。一个工程可以设置很多属性，由名字和值构成。

例如

 

<property name="app.home"          value="." />

 

在build.xml的其他地方访问属性的语法是${属性名}。例如

<property name="src.home"          value="${app.home}/src"/>

 

与web服务器相关的属性存放在build.properties中。

 tomcat.home属性代表tomcat的跟目录。

 webapps.home属性代表在tomcat上发布web应用的目录。

在build.xml中通过如下方式引用build.properties

 

 <property file="build.properties" />

 

3.设置classpath

build.xml文件接下来设置编译java源程序所需的classpath。classpath中包括lib子目录下所有的jar文件，以及%CATALINA_HOME%/lib下的jar文件。

 

  <path id="compile.classpath">

    <!-- The object files for this application -->
    <pathelement location="${classes.home}"/>

    <!-- The lib files for this application -->
    <fileset dir="${lib.home}">
      <include name="*.jar"/>
      <include name="*.zip"/>
    </fileset>

    <!-- All files/jars that Tomcat makes available -->
    <fileset dir="${tomcat.home}/common/lib">
      <include name="*.jar"/>
    </fileset>
    <pathelement location="${tomcat.home}/common/classes"/>

  </path>

 

4.定义 help target

它的作用是向控制台输出一些信息。

 

 <target name="help" >
   <echo message="Please specify a target! [usage: ant &lt;targetname&gt;]" />
   <echo message="Here is a list of possible targets: "/>
   <echo message="  clean-all.....Delete build dir, all .class and war files"/>
   <echo message="  prepare.......Creates directories if required" />
   <echo message="  compile.......Compiles source files" />
   <echo message="  build.........Build war file from .class and other files"/>
   <echo message="  deploy........Copy war file to the webapps directory" />
   <echo message="  javadoc.......Generates javadoc for this application" />
 </target>

 

5.定义clean-all target

 

clean-all target 负责删除web应用根目录下的build，classes，deploy和doc子目录。

并且删除发布到web服务器中的web应用。