rabbitmq入门学习五

最新推荐文章于 2025-10-22 21:50:38 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2025-10-22 21:50:38 发布 · 197 阅读

0 ·

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

本文详细介绍RabbitMQ的主题模型(Topics)，包括如何通过不同队列和路由键配置实现消息的精确匹配与分发。具体展示了生产者与消费者代码实例，以及如何根据不同业务需求选择合适的路由键。

rabbitmq入门学习五

1. 主题模型(Topics)

主题模式：

1、每个消费者监听自己的队列，并且设置带统配符的routingkey。

2、生产者将消息发给broker，由交换机根据routingkey来转发消息到指定的队

看下图例子：

解释：

红色Queue：绑定的是usa.# ，因此凡是以 usa.开头的routing key 都会被匹配到

黄色Queue：绑定的是#.news ，因此凡是以 .news结尾的 routing key 都会被匹配到

业务需求：

最常见的增删改，需要不同的系统去处理，

1.1 生产者代码

使用topic类型的Exchange，发送消息的routing key有3种： item.isnert、item.update、item.delete

[Java] 纯文本查看 复制代码

public class TopicsProducer {

//队列名称

private static final String QUEUE_INFORM_1 = "topic_exchange_queue_1";

private static final String QUEUE_INFORM_2 = "topic_exchange_queue_2";

private static final String QUEUE_INFORM_3 = "topic_exchange_queue_3";

private static final String EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM="exchange_topics_inform";

private static final String ROUTINGKEY_UPDATE="item.update";

private static final String ROUTINGKEY_DELETE="item.delete";

private static final String ROUTINGKEY_INSTALL="item.install";

private static final String ROUTINGKEY_ALL="item.#";

public static void main(String[] args) {

Connection connection = null;

Channel channel = null;

try {

//建立新连接

connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();

//创建会话通道,生产者和mq服务所有通信都在channel通道中完成

channel = connection.createChannel();

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_INFORM_1, true, false, false, null);

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_INFORM_2, true, false, false, null);

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_INFORM_3, true, false, false, null);

//声明一个交换机

channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);

//进行交换机和队列绑定

channel.queueBind(QUEUE_INFORM_1, EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, ROUTINGKEY_UPDATE);

channel.queueBind(QUEUE_INFORM_1, EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, ROUTINGKEY_DELETE);

channel.queueBind(QUEUE_INFORM_2, EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, ROUTINGKEY_INSTALL);

channel.queueBind(QUEUE_INFORM_3, EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, ROUTINGKEY_ALL);

//发送消息

//发送消息的时候指定routingKey

String message = "新增商品";

channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, "item.install", null, message.getBytes());

// String message = "删除商品";

// channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, "item.delete", null, message.getBytes());

// String message = "修改商品";

// channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, "item.update", null, message.getBytes());

System.out.println("send to mq " + message);

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

//关闭连接

//先关闭通道

try {

channel.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (TimeoutException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

try {

connection.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

1.2 消费者代码1

消费者1代码，接收两种路由模式item.update和item.delete

[Java] 纯文本查看 复制代码

public class TopicsComsumer1 {

//队列名称

private static final String QUEUE_INFORM_1 = "topic_exchange_queue_1";;

private static final String EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM="exchange_topics_inform";

private static final String ROUTINGKEY_UPDATE="item.update";

private static final String ROUTINGKEY_DELETE="item.delete";

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

//建立新连接

Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();

//创建会话通道,生产者和mq服务所有通信都在channel通道中完成

Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_INFORM_1,true,false,false,null);

//声明一个交换机

channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);

//进行交换机和队列绑定

channel.queueBind(QUEUE_INFORM_1, EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM,ROUTINGKEY_UPDATE);

channel.queueBind(QUEUE_INFORM_1, EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM,ROUTINGKEY_DELETE);

//实现消费方法

DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){

@Override

public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {

//交换机

String exchange = envelope.getExchange();

//消息内容

String message= new String(body,"utf-8");

System.out.println("【消费者1】:"+message);

}

};

//监听队列

channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_INFORM_1,true,defaultConsumer);

}

1.3 消费者代码2

消费者2代码，只接收item.Install

[Java] 纯文本查看 复制代码

public class TopicsComsumer2 {

//队列名称

private static final String QUEUE_INFORM_2 = "topic_exchange_queue_2";

private static final String EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM="exchange_topics_inform";

private static final String ROUTINGKEY_INSTALL="item.install";

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

//建立新连接

Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();

//创建会话通道,生产者和mq服务所有通信都在channel通道中完成

Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_INFORM_2,true,false,false,null);

//声明一个交换机

channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);

//进行交换机和队列绑定

channel.queueBind(QUEUE_INFORM_2, EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM,ROUTINGKEY_INSTALL);

//实现消费方法

DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){

@Override

public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {

//交换机

String exchange = envelope.getExchange();

//消息内容

String message= new String(body,"utf-8");

System.out.println("【消费者2】:"+message);

}

};

//监听队列

channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_INFORM_2,true,defaultConsumer);

}

1.4 消费者代码3

消费者代码3，只接收item.#，只要以item.开头的路由key该消费者都可以接收

[Java] 纯文本查看 复制代码

public class TopicsComsumer3 {

//队列名称

private static final String QUEUE_INFORM_3 = "topic_exchange_queue_3";

private static final String EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM="exchange_topics_inform";

private static final String ROUTINGKEY_ALL="item.#";

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

//建立新连接

Connection connection = ConnectionUtil.getConnection();

//创建会话通道,生产者和mq服务所有通信都在channel通道中完成

Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_INFORM_3,true,false,false,null);

//声明一个交换机

channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);

//进行交换机和队列绑定

channel.queueBind(QUEUE_INFORM_3, EXCHANGE_TOPICS_INFORM,ROUTINGKEY_ALL);

//实现消费方法

DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){

@Override

public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {

//交换机

String exchange = envelope.getExchange();

//消息内容

String message= new String(body,"utf-8");

System.out.println("【消费者3】:"+message);

}

};

//监听队列

channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_INFORM_3,true,defaultConsumer);

}

1.5 测试

运行生产者代码测试，我们发现交换机绑定的队列中routingkey有值了，分别为：

Item.delete，item.update，item.install，item.#。

然后我们继续运行三个消费者查看消息接收情况：通过下面三张消费者截图，我们可以看出，只有绑定了item.install和item.#的队列可以接收消息，而队列1绑定的是item.delete和item.update无法接收消息。

消费者1：

消费者2：

消费者3：