[SQL Server] Essential SQL Server security tools

本文介绍了一系列用于SQL Server的安全审计工具,包括Idera SQL Compliance Manager、ApexSQL Audit、Application Security Inc. DbProtect及Quest Change Auditor等第三方工具,同时也涵盖了SQL Server 2008内置的审计功能和Microsoft SQL Server Best Practices Analyzer等实用工具。

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LEditor's note: This is the third part in a series on SQL Server security. Check out both Why SQL security matters and SQL Server security 2012 for more on SQL Server security.

SQL Server security tools can help a database administrator (DBA) quickly perform security audits on SQL Server, which will help them as they manage their day-to-day jobs. This article will present to you an overview of some third-party and native tools that can be used to identify security loopholes within a SQL Server instance.

Idera SQL Compliance Manager

Idera SQL Compliance Manager is a comprehensive SQL Server auditing tool that can help you monitor, audit and alert SQL Server user activities and data changes. You can get detailed visibility into who did what and when, and how changes were implemented. It can be used to track changes, monitor and audit data access, schema changes and login failures. There are several built-in reports to validate SQL Server audit trails. A DBA can configure alerts to get notified of suspicious activity. Idera SQL Compliance Manager can help you ensure compliance with regulatory and data security requirements, such as Sarbanes-Oxley, GLBA, HIPAA, PCI DSS, and Basel II across multiple SQL Servers. I have noticed that there is also minimal overhead when running this tool.

ApexSQL Audit

ApexSQL Audit is a comprehensive tool that supports tracking data changes to SQL Database. It can capture and store data changes to a central database and tracks who did what and when, and how changes were implemented. This tool supports comprehensive audit reports that are run out of the central database. It can also inform a user about how and when an incident occurred, capturing relevant information such as which SQL or Windows host and application name was involved. Finally, this tool can also track table definition changes and unauthorized or malicious changes.

Application Security Inc. DbProtect database security

Application Security Inc.'s DbProtect database security is a comprehensive database security and compliance tool that organizations can use to monitor database security needs. This tool can identify vulnerabilities within a database, identify user entitlements, enforce user access control and user privileges, implement appropriate policies to identify vulnerabilities, and can alert users in case of any suspicious activities.

Quest ChangeAuditor for SQL Server

More on SQL Server tools

Denny Cherry's favorite native tools

Third-party tools you should check out

Quest ChangeAuditor for SQL Server tracks, audits, reports and alerts you to any changes to your environment in real time. This tool is capable of tracking all user and administrator activity, such as who made what kind of changes, when the changes were implemented and from which work station changes were carried out. This tool monitors for critical change within the environment, and you can configure to get alerted in real time whenever there are critical changes to your environment. Since this tool maintains a centralized repository, it makes it easier to monitor multiple servers from a single location. It also supports role-based access, thereby allowing auditors to run searches and reports without the ability to make any configuration changes to the application.

Auditing feature in SQL Server 2008

Microsoft introduced the SQL Server audit feature in SQL Server 2008. SQL Server Audit uses extended events to perform audits, thereby helping DBAs meet regulatory compliance requirements. However, this feature is currently available only in SQL Server 2008 Enterprise Edition.

Microsoft SQL Server Best Practices Analyzer

Microsoft SQL Server Best Practices Analyzer is a free diagnostic tool that can be used by database administrators to identify vulnerabilities within an installed instance of SQL Server. Using this tool, a database administrator can quickly gather information with respect to configuration settings of SQL Server and Windows. This tool has built-in rules to determine SQL Server configurations and determine whether the environment is configured according to best practices outlined by Microsoft. This tool reports all configurations within an instance of SQL Server that are not set according to best practices. This tool can also help a DBA identify potential problems within an installed instance of SQL Server. What I like most about this tool is that it volunteers recommendations for potential issues it identifies, which can help you to fix them quickly.

内容概要:本文档为《400_IB Specification Vol 2-Release-2.0-Final-2025-07-31.pdf》,主要描述了InfiniBand架构2.0版本的物理层规范。文档详细规定了链路初始化、配置与训练流程,包括但不限于传输序列(TS1、TS2、TS3)、链路去偏斜、波特率、前向纠错(FEC)支持、链路速度协商及扩展速度选项等。此外,还介绍了链路状态机的不同状态(如禁用、轮询、配置等),以及各状态下应遵循的规则和命令。针对不同数据速率(从SDR到XDR)的链路格式化规则也有详细说明,确保数据包格式和控制符号在多条物理通道上的一致性和正确性。文档还涵盖了链路性能监控和错误检测机制。 适用人群:适用于从事网络硬件设计、开发及维护的技术人员,尤其是那些需要深入了解InfiniBand物理层细节的专业人士。 使用场景及目标:① 设计和实现支持多种数据速率和编码方式的InfiniBand设备;② 开发链路初始化和训练算法,确保链路两端设备能够正确配置并优化通信质量;③ 实现链路性能监控和错误检测,提高系统的可靠性和稳定性。 其他说明:本文档属于InfiniBand贸易协会所有,为专有信息,仅供内部参考和技术交流使用。文档内容详尽,对于理解和实施InfiniBand接口具有重要指导意义。读者应结合相关背景资料进行学习,以确保正确理解和应用规范中的各项技术要求。
### SQL Tracing Tools and Techniques SQL tracing tools are essential for diagnosing performance issues in SQL queries. These tools provide detailed insights into the execution of SQL statements, helping database administrators (DBAs) and developers optimize query performance. Below is a comprehensive overview of SQL tracing techniques and tools. #### Overview of SQL Tracing SQL tracing involves capturing detailed information about the execution of SQL statements to identify bottlenecks or inefficiencies. Oracle Database provides several mechanisms for enabling SQL tracing, including the use of `DBMS_MONITOR` and `ALTER SESSION` commands. Once enabled, the trace files generated can be analyzed using tools like TKPROF[^2]. #### Enabling SQL Trace To enable SQL tracing at the session level, the following command can be used: ```sql ALTER SESSION SET TRACEFILE_IDENTIFIER = 'my_trace'; ALTER SESSION SET TIMED_STATISTICS = TRUE; ALTER SESSION SET SQL_TRACE = TRUE; ``` This configuration ensures that all SQL statements executed within the session are traced with timing information. The `TRACEFILE_IDENTIFIER` parameter helps in identifying the trace file among multiple sessions[^1]. #### Analyzing Trace Files with TKPROF Once the trace file is generated, it can be processed using TKPROF, which formats the raw trace data into a more readable form. The following command demonstrates how to use TKPROF: ```bash tkprof <trace_file> <output_file> sort=exeela,fchela ``` The `sort` option allows sorting the output based on elapsed time or fetch time, aiding in pinpointing inefficient queries[^2]. #### Automatic SQL Tuning Advisor Oracle Database includes an automated maintenance task called SQL Tuning Advisor, which identifies high-load SQL statements and provides tuning recommendations. This advisor can be run manually or as part of scheduled maintenance windows to improve the execution plans of problematic SQL queries[^1]. #### Manual vs. Automatic Tuning While automatic tuning mechanisms such as SQL Tuning Advisor offer significant benefits, manual tuning remains a critical skill for advanced users. Participants in Oracle training courses learn to compare the steps involved in manual tuning versus the capabilities of new automatic tuning features in Oracle 10g[^2]. Manual tuning often involves modifying the physical schema or altering SQL statement syntax to influence optimizer behavior. #### Security Considerations in SQL Tracing When performing SQL tracing, it is important to consider security implications. Manipulating HTTP headers, cookies, or other user-supplied data can expose vulnerabilities such as SQL Injection or Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). Ensuring proper validation and sanitization of input data is crucial when implementing tracing mechanisms[^3]. ###
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