SpringBoot学习 (四) - 自动配置原理 静态资源的映射规则 模板引擎 SpringMVC自动配置-扩展-全面接管

本文深入探讨SpringBoot在Web开发中的应用,包括自动配置原理、静态资源映射规则、模板引擎Thymeleaf的使用及SpringMVC的自动配置与扩展。详细介绍了如何利用SpringBoot简化Web开发流程,实现高效项目搭建。

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四、Web开发

1、简介

使用SpringBoot;

1)、创建SpringBoot应用,选中我们需要的模块;

2)、SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来

3)、自己编写业务代码;

自动配置原理?

这个场景SpringBoot帮我们配置了什么?能不能修改?能修改哪些配置?能不能扩展?xxx

xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件;
xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;
 

2、SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则;

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
  //可以设置和静态资源有关的参数,缓存时间等
    WebMvcAuotConfiguration:
        @Override
        public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
            if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
                logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
                return;
            }
            Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
            if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
                customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                        registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
                                .addResourceLocations(
                                        "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
                        .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
            }
            String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
              //静态资源文件夹映射
            if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
                customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                        registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
                                .addResourceLocations(
                                        this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
                        .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
            }
        }
 
        //配置欢迎页映射
        @Bean
        public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
                ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
            return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
                    this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
        }
 
       //配置喜欢的图标
        @Configuration
        @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
        public static class FaviconConfiguration {
 
            private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
 
            public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
                this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
            }
 
            @Bean
            public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
                SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
                mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
                  //所有  **/favicon.ico
                mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
                        faviconRequestHandler()));
                return mapping;
            }
 
            @Bean
            public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
                ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
                requestHandler
                        .setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
                return requestHandler;
            }
 
        }
 

1)、所有 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源;

​ webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源;

http://www.webjars.org/

在这里插入图片描述

localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js

<!--引入jquery-webjar-->在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
            <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.1</version>
        </dependency>

2)、"/**" 访问当前项目的任何资源,都去(静态资源的文件夹)找映射

"classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
"classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/",
"classpath:/public/"
"/":当前项目的根路径

localhost:8080/abc === 去静态资源文件夹里面找abc

3)、欢迎页; 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/**"映射;

​ localhost:8080/ 找index页面

4)、所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找;

3、模板引擎

JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf

在这里插入图片描述

SpringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf;

语法更简单,功能更强大;

1、引入thymeleaf;

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
              2.1.6
        </dependency>
切换thymeleaf版本
<properties>
        <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
        <!-- 布局功能的支持程序  thymeleaf3主程序  layout2以上版本 -->
        <!-- thymeleaf2   layout1-->
        <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
  </properties>

2、Thymeleaf使用

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {
 
    private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
 
    private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");
 
    public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
 
    public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
      //

只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染;

使用:

1、导入thymeleaf的名称空间

<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

2、使用thymeleaf语法;

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>成功!</h1>
    <!--th:text 将div里面的文本内容设置为 -->
    <div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息</div>
</body>
</html>

3、语法规则

1)、th:text;改变当前元素里面的文本内容;

​ th:任意html属性;来替换原生属性的值

在这里插入图片描述

2)、表达式?

Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
    Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
            1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
            2)、使用内置的基本对象:
                #ctx : the context object.
                #vars: the context variables.
                #locale : the context locale.
                #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
                #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
                #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
                #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
 
                ${session.foo}
            3)、内置的一些工具对象:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).
 
    Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;
        补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
   <div th:object="${session.user}">
    <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
    <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
    <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
    </div>
 
    Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
    Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
            @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
    Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
            <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
 
Literals(字面量)
      Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
      Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
      Boolean literals: true , false
      Null literal: null
      Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文本操作)
    String concatenation: +
    Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
    Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
    Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
    Binary operators: and , or
    Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
    Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
    Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
    If-then: (if) ? (then)
    If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
    Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
    No-Operation: _

4、SpringMVC自动配置

https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.5.10.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-developing-web-applications

1. Spring MVC auto-configuration

Spring Boot 自动配置好了SpringMVC

以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置:(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)

  • Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.

    • 自动配置了ViewResolver(视图解析器:根据方法的返回值得到视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何渲染(转发?重定向?))
    • ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:组合所有的视图解析器的;
    • 如何定制:我们可以自己给容器中添加一个视图解析器;自动的将其组合进来;
  • Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).静态资源文件夹路径,webjars

  • Static index.html support. 静态首页访问

  • Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico

  • 自动注册了 of Converter, GenericConverter, Formatter beans.

    • Converter:转换器; public String hello(User user):类型转换使用Converter
    • Formatter 格式化器; 2017.12.17===Date;
        @Bean
        @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format")//在文件中配置日期格式化的规则
        public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
            return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件
        }

自己添加的格式化器转换器,我们只需要放在容器中即可

  • Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below).

    • HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的;User—Json;

    • HttpMessageConverters 是从容器中确定;获取所有的HttpMessageConverter;

      自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要将自己的组件注册容器中(@Bean,@Component)

  • Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).定义错误代码生成规则

  • Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).

    我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的;(添加到容器)

    初始化WebDataBinder;
    请求数据=====JavaBean;
    

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有自动场景;

If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of type WebMvcConfigurerAdapter, but without @EnableWebMvc. If you wish to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components.

If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with @EnableWebMvc.

2、扩展SpringMVC

    <mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
            <bean></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

编写一个配置类(@Configuration),是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类型;不能标注@EnableWebMvc;

既保留了所有的自动配置,也能用我们扩展的配置;

//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
 
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
       // super.addViewControllers(registry);
        //浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
        registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
    }
}

原理:

​ 1)、WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自动配置类

​ 2)、在做其他自动配置时会导入;@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)

    @Configuration
    public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
      private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();
 
     //从容器中获取所有的WebMvcConfigurer
      @Autowired(required = false)
      public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
          if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
              this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
                //一个参考实现;将所有的WebMvcConfigurer相关配置都来一起调用; 
                @Override
             // public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
              //    for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
               //       delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
               //   }
              }
          }
    }

​ 3)、容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用;

​ 4)、我们的配置类也会被调用;

​ 效果:SpringMVC的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用;

3、全面接管SpringMVC;

SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要了,所有都是我们自己配置;所有的SpringMVC的自动配置都失效了

我们需要在配置类中添加@EnableWebMvc即可;

//使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
@EnableWebMvc
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
 
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
       // super.addViewControllers(registry);
        //浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
        registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
    }
}

原理:

为什么@EnableWebMvc自动配置就失效了;

1)@EnableWebMvc的核心

@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableWebMvc {

2)、

@Configuration
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {

3)、

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,
        WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
//容器中没有这个组件的时候,这个自动配置类才生效
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
        ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {

4)、@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来;

5)、导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能;

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