CentOS 5.6 上安装 Oracle 11g R2 单实例数据库详解

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/xiangsir/article/details/8570422

一、硬件需求
1、检查物理内存需求(>=256MB)
[root@centos ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 1554748 kB

2、检查虚拟内存需求
RAM 1-2GB ：swap 1.5*RAM
RAM 2-16GB : swap =RAM
RAM > 16GB : swap 16GB
[root@centos ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal: 2096472 kB

3、查看系统体系架构
[root@centos ~]# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU P7450 @ 2.13GHz

[root@centos ~]# uname -am
Linux centos 2.6.9-55.ELsmp #1 SMP Wed May 2 14:28:44 EDT 2007 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

4、查看磁盘空间需求
/tmp 空间必须>=400MB
[root@centos ~]# df -m /tmp
Filesystem 1M-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 1004 18 936 2% /tmp

如果不够i全年共设置TMP和TMPDIR环境变量
必须至少存在 2.7GB 空闲空间用于安装 Oracle 11g 软件
[root@centos ~]# df -m
Filesystem 1M-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 8069 2875 4785 38% /
none 760 0 760 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda3 1004 18 936 2% /tmp
/dev/sda6 5035 43 4737 1% /u01
/dev/sda5 4031 723 3104 19% /u02
/dev/hdc 57 57 0 100% /media/cdrecorder

二、软件需求
2.1 操作系统版本需求
The following are the operating sytem requirements for Oracle Database 11g release 1:

Asianux 2 SP2

Asianux 3

Oracle Linux 4

Oracle Linux 5

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5

SUSE Enterprise Linux 10

The following or later version of packages for Asianux 2, Oracle Linux 4, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 should be installed:

binutils-2.15.92.0.2-18
compat-libstdc++-33.2.3-47.3
elfutils-libelf-0.97-5

elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97-5
glibc-2.3.4-2.19
glibc-common-2.3.4-2.19
glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.19
glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.19
gcc-3.4.5-2
gcc-c++-3.4.5-2
libaio-devel-0.3.105-2
libaio-0.3.105-2
libgcc-3.4.5
libstdc++-3.4.5-2
libstdc++-devel-3.4.5-2
make-3.80-5
numactl-0.6.4.i386
sysstat-5.0.5

rpm -qa | grep binutils-2.17.50.0.6
rpm -qa | grep compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
rpm -qa | grep elfutils-libelf-0.125
rpm -qa | grep elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
rpm -qa | grep elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125
rpm -qa | grep gcc-4.1.2
rpm -qa | grep gcc-c++-4.1.2
rpm -qa | grep glibc-2.5-24
rpm -qa | grep glibc-common-2.5
rpm -qa | grep glibc-devel-2.5
rpm -qa | grep ksh-20060214
rpm -qa | grep libaio-0.3.106

rpm -qa | grep libaio-devel-0.3.106

rpm -qa | grep libgcc-4.1.2
rpm -qa | grep libgomp-4.1.2
rpm -qa | grep libstdc++-4.1.2
rpm -qa | grep libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
rpm -qa | grep make-3.81

rpm -qa | grep sysstat-7.0.2

rpm -qa | grep elfutils-libelf-devel 1
rpm -qa | grep glibc
rpm -qa | grep glibc-common
rpm -qa | grep glibc-devel
rpm -qa | grep glibc-headers
rpm -qa | grep gcc
rpm -qa | grep gcc-c++
rpm -qa | grep libaio-devel 1
rpm -qa | grep libaio 1
rpm -qa | grep libgcc
rpm -qa | grep libstdc++
rpm -qa | grep libstdc++-devel
rpm -qa | grep make
rpm -qa | grep numactl
rpm -qa | grep sysstat 1

[root@centos ~]# rpm -qa | grep make
-----经检查却如下包-----
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97-5
libaio-devel-0.3.105-2
libaio-0.3.105-2
sysstat

三、创建所需的操作系统组和用户
The Oracle Inventory group (oinstall)
The Oracle database administrator group (dba)
The Oracle software owner (oracle)

1.To determine whether the oinstall group exists, enter the following command:
# more /etc/oraInst.loc
If the output of this command shows the oinstall group name, then the group already exists.

If the oraInst.loc file exists, then the output from this command is similar to the following:

inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
The inst_group parameter shows the name of the Oracle Inventory group, oinstall.

2.If necessary, enter the following commands to create the oinstall group:
[root@centos u02]# groupadd oinstall
[root@centos u02]# groupadd dba
[root@centos u01]# groupadd oper

[root@rac1 ~]# groupadd -g 500 oinstall
[root@rac1 ~]# groupadd -g 501 dba
[root@rac1 ~]# groupadd -g 502 oper

3.To determine whether the oracle user exists and belongs to the correct groups, enter the following command:
[root@centos u02]# id oracle
uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oracle) groups=500(oracle)
[root@centos ~]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

4.If necessary, complete one of the following actions:
If the oracle user exists, but its primary group is not oinstall or it is not a member of the dba group, then enter the following command:

# /usr/sbin/usermod -g oinstall -G dba oracle
If the oracle user does not exist, enter the following command to create it:

# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
This command creates the oracle user and specifies oinstall as the primary group and dba as the secondary group.

[root@centos u02]# usermod -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
[root@ora11g ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper -d /home/oracle -p oracle -u 500 oracle
[root@centos u02]# id oracle
uid=500(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba)

四、创建安装Oracle所需的目录
4.1 查看当前系统上挂载的文件系统信息：
[root@centos u02]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 7.9G 2.9G 4.7G 38% /
none 760M 0 760M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda3 1004M 18M 936M 2% /tmp
/dev/sda6 5.0G 43M 4.7G 1% /u01
/dev/sda5 4.0G 1.6G 2.2G 42% /u02
/dev/hdc 57M 57M 0 100% /media/cdrecorder

4.2 确定满足安装所需空间需求的文件系统，然后在该文件系统上创建如下目录：
[root@centos u01]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
[root@centos u01]# chmod -R 775 /u01
[root@centos u01]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

五、配置Oracle 安装用户 shell 限制;
Add the following lines to the /etc/security/limits.conf file:

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536

六、配置系统内核参数
Using any text editor, create or edit the /etc/sysctl.conf file, and add or edit lines similar to the following:
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

[root@centos u01]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so

配置系统网络配置 /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost ora11g
192.168.8.246 ora11g.oracle.com ora11g

设置 Oracle 环境变量
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export ORACLE_SID=prod
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export DISPLAY=192.168.8.245:0.0
或改为本地IP 地址

配置用于存放数据库的 raw 设备
1、添加 4 GB硬盘，查看添加的磁盘
[root@ora11g ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/hda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 * 1 1300 10442218+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 1301 1580 2249100 82 Linux swap
/dev/hda3 1581 2610 8273475 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sda: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 522 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sda doesn't contain a valid partition table

------------注意：这里的新盘为 /dev/sda 是因为添加磁盘时使用的事 SCSI 控制器

2、创建物理卷
[root@ora11g ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda
Physical volume "/dev/sda" successfully created

3、创建卷组
[root@ora11g ~]# vgdisplay -v
Finding all volume groups
[root@ora11g ~]# vgcreate -s 8m oradatavg /dev/sda
Volume group "oradatavg" successfully created
[root@ora11g ~]# vgdisplay -v
Finding all volume groups
Finding volume group "oradatavg"
--- Volume group ---
VG Name oradatavg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 3.99 GB
PE Size 8.00 MB
Total PE 511
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 511 / 3.99 GB
VG UUID JvP8bk-3OXP-cgIf-8IIZ-aqa4-Bols-yYDTeD

--- Physical volumes ---
PV Name /dev/sda
PV UUID WsxYUK-9VXo-4YLX-rAqT-lKuV-8iL3-RhqhSF
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 511 / 511

4、创建逻辑卷 oradata、fra、backup
[root@ora11g ~]# lvcreate -L 2000 -n oradata oradatavg
Logical volume "oradata" created
[root@ora11g ~]# lvcreate -L 2000 -n orafra oradatavg
Logical volume "orafra" created
[root@ora11g ~]# lvcreate -L 4000 -n backup oradatavg
Logical volume "backup" created

[root@ora11g ~]# ls -l /dev/oradatavg|grep -v total
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Aug 15 16:29 backup -> /dev/mapper/oradatavg-backup
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Aug 15 16:28 oradata -> /dev/mapper/oradatavg-oradata
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Aug 15 16:29 orafra -> /dev/mapper/oradatavg-orafra

[root@ora11g ~]# ls -l /dev/mapper |grep -v total
crw------- 1 root root 10, 63 Aug 15 16:17 control
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 2 Aug 15 16:29 oradatavg-backup
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 0 Aug 15 16:28 oradatavg-oradata
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 1 Aug 15 16:29 oradatavg-orafra

激活卷组
[root@ora11g ~]# vgscan
Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while...
Found volume group "oradatavg" using metadata type lvm2
[root@ora11g ~]# vgchange -a y oradatavg
3 logical volume(s) in volume group "oradatavg" now active

将 raw 设备映射到 lv
[root@ora11g ~]# ls -l /dev/mapper |grep -v total
crw------- 1 root root 10, 63 Aug 15 16:17 control
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 2 Aug 15 16:29 oradatavg-backup
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 0 Aug 15 16:28 oradatavg-oradata
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 1 Aug 15 16:29 oradatavg-orafra
[root@ora11g ~]# raw /dev/raw/raw1 253 0
/dev/raw/raw1: bound to major 253, minor 0
[root@ora11g ~]# raw /dev/raw/raw2 253 1
/dev/raw/raw2: bound to major 253, minor 1
[root@ora11g ~]# raw /dev/raw/raw3 253 2
/dev/raw/raw3: bound to major 253, minor 2
[root@ora11g ~]# raw -qa | awk '{print $1,$5,$7}' | tr ':' ' ' | tr ',' ' ' >> /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices
[root@ora11g ~]# more /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices
/dev/raw/raw1 253 0
/dev/raw/raw2 253 1
/dev/raw/raw3 253 2

------------将 oracle 用户添加到disk组
[root@ora11g ~]# ll /dev/raw/
total 0
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 1 Aug 15 16:37 raw1
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 2 Aug 15 16:37 raw2
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 3 Aug 15 16:37 raw3

[root@ora11g ~]# usermod -g oinstall -G dba,oper,disk oracle
[root@ora11g ~]# id oracle
uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),6(disk),501(dba),502(oper)
或修改 vi /etc/group 将oracle 用户
disk:x:6:root,oracle

配置 ASM 步骤：
1、启动 dbca ，选择“配置 ASM 管理”
2、以 root 执行如下命令：
[root@ora11g ora11g]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/bin/localconfig add
/etc/oracle does not exist. Creating it now.
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
Operation successful.
Configuration for local CSS has been initialized

Cleaning up Network socket directories
Setting up Network socket directories
Adding to inittab
Startup will be queued to init within 30 seconds.
Checking the status of new Oracle init process...
Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds.
Cluster Synchronization Services is active on these nodes.
ora11g
Cluster Synchronization Services is active on all the nodes.
Oracle CSS service is installed and running under init(1M)

3、创建磁盘组
ORADATA /dev/raw/raw1
ORAFRA /dev/raw/raw2
BACKUP /dev/raw/raw3

4、ASM 配置完毕

创建数据库
如果配置 OEM 的话，需要先配置listener，窗口会有提示

修改用户密码：
SYS
SYSTEM
DBSNMP
SYSMAN

选择 common-managed files

转载请注明出处及原文链接：

http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/xiangsir/article/details/8570422