原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowenji/archive/2010/12/08/1900579.html
个人理解:具体而言就是view(比如textView )数目有限,因为Android会为你缓存视图。要显示新的内容,只需要使用缓存的view显示就行了,修改的只是view的内容,无需创建一个新的对象!!
***********
ListView 和 Adapter 的基础
工作原理:
- ListView 针对List中每个item,要求 adapter “给我一个视图” (getView)。
- 一个新的视图被返回并显示
如果我们有上亿个项目要显示怎么办?为每个项目创建一个新视图?NO!这不可能!
实际上Android为你缓存了视图。
Android中有个叫做Recycler的构件,下图是他的工作原理:

- 如果你有10亿个项目(item),其中只有可见的项目存在内存中,其他的在Recycler中。
- ListView先请求一个type1视图(getView)然后请求其他可见的项目。convertView在getView中是空(null)的。
- 当item1滚出屏幕,并且一个新的项目从屏幕低端上来时,ListView再请求一个type1视图。convertView此时不是空值了,它的值是item1。你只需设定新的数据然后返回convertView,不必重新创建一个视图。
请看下面的示例代码,这里在getView中使用了System.out进行输出
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public class MultipleItemsListextends ListActivity
{ private MyCustomAdapter
mAdapter; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle
savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); mAdapter
= new MyCustomAdapter(); for (int i
= 0;
i < 50;
i++) { mAdapter.addItem("item
" +
i); } setListAdapter(mAdapter); } private class MyCustomAdapterextends BaseAdapter
{ private ArrayList
mData = new ArrayList(); private LayoutInflater
mInflater; public MyCustomAdapter()
{ mInflater
= (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); } public void addItem(final String
item) { mData.add(item); notifyDataSetChanged(); } @Override public int getCount()
{ return mData.size(); } @Override public String
getItem(int position)
{ return mData.get(position); } @Override public long getItemId(int position)
{ return position; } @Override public View
getView(int position,
View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { System.out.println("getView
" +
position + "
" +
convertView); ViewHolder
holder = null; if (convertView
== null)
{ convertView
= mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null); holder
= new ViewHolder(); holder.textView
= (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text); convertView.setTag(holder); }else { holder
= (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag(); } holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position)); return convertView; } } public static class ViewHolder
{ public TextView
textView; }} |
执行程序,然后在Logcat中查看日志

getView 被调用 9 次 ,convertView 对于所有的可见项目是空值(如下)
02-05 13:47:32.559:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 0 null02-05 13:47:32.570:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 1 null02-05 13:47:32.589:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 2 null02-05 13:47:32.599:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 3 null02-05 13:47:32.619:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 4 null02-05 13:47:32.629:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 5 null02-05 13:47:32.708:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 6 null02-05 13:47:32.719:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 7 null02-05 13:47:32.729:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 8 null |
然后稍微向下滚动List,直到item10出现:

convertView仍然是空值,因为recycler中没有视图(item1的边缘仍然可见,在顶端)
02-05 13:48:25.169:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 9 null |
再滚动List

convertView不是空值了!item1离开屏幕到Recycler中去了,然后item11被创建
02-05 13:48:42.879:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 10 android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8 |
再滚动:
02-05 14:01:31.069:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 11 android.widget.LinearLayout@437447d002-05 14:01:31.142:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 12 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744ff802-05 14:01:31.279:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 13 android.widget.LinearLayout@43743fa802-05 14:01:31.350:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 14 android.widget.LinearLayout@4374582002-05 14:01:31.429:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 15 android.widget.LinearLayout@4374604802-05 14:01:31.550:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 16 android.widget.LinearLayout@4374687002-05 14:01:31.669:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 17 android.widget.LinearLayout@4374709802-05 14:01:31.839:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 18 android.widget.LinearLayout@437478c002-05 14:03:30.900:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 19 android.widget.LinearLayout@43748df002-05 14:03:32.069:
INFO/System.out(947):
getView 20 android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8 |
convertView 如我们所期待的非空了,在item11离开屏幕之后,它的视图(@437430f8)作为convertView容纳item21了
不同的项目布局(item layout)
我们再举一个稍微复杂的例子,在上例的list中加入一些分隔线
你需要做这些:
- 重(@Override)写 getViewTypeCount() – 返回你有多少个不同的布局
- 重写 getItemViewType(int) – 由position返回view type id
- 根据view item的类型,在getView中创建正确的convertView
以下是代码:
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public class MultipleItemsListextends ListActivity
{ private MyCustomAdapter
mAdapter; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle
savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); mAdapter
= new MyCustomAdapter(); for (int i
= 1;
i < 50;
i++) { mAdapter.addItem("item
" +
i); if (i
% 4 ==0)
{ mAdapter.addSeparatorItem("separator
" +
i); } } setListAdapter(mAdapter); } private class MyCustomAdapterextends BaseAdapter
{ private static final int TYPE_ITEM
= 0; private static final int TYPE_SEPARATOR
= 1; private static final int TYPE_MAX_COUNT
= TYPE_SEPARATOR + 1; private ArrayList
mData = new ArrayList(); private LayoutInflater
mInflater; private TreeSet
mSeparatorsSet = new TreeSet(); public MyCustomAdapter()
{ mInflater
= (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); } public void addItem(final String
item) { mData.add(item); notifyDataSetChanged(); } public void addSeparatorItem(final String
item) { mData.add(item); //
save separator position mSeparatorsSet.add(mData.size()
- 1); notifyDataSetChanged(); } @Override public int getItemViewType(int position)
{ return mSeparatorsSet.contains(position)
? TYPE_SEPARATOR : TYPE_ITEM; } @Override public int getViewTypeCount()
{ return TYPE_MAX_COUNT; } @Override public int getCount()
{ return mData.size(); } @Override public String
getItem(int position)
{ return mData.get(position); } @Override public long getItemId(int position)
{ return position; } @Override public View
getView(int position,
View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { ViewHolder
holder = null; int type
= getItemViewType(position); System.out.println("getView
" +
position + "
" +
convertView + "
type = " +
type); if (convertView
== null)
{ holder
= new ViewHolder(); switch (type)
{ case TYPE_ITEM: convertView
= mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null); holder.textView
= (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text); break; case TYPE_SEPARATOR: convertView
= mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item2, null); holder.textView
= (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.textSeparator); break; } convertView.setTag(holder); }else { holder
= (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag(); } holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position)); return convertView; } } public static class ViewHolder
{ public TextView
textView; }} |
运行程序,你会看到每4个item一个分割线

看看日志,无异常,所有的convertView都是空的
02-05 15:19:03.080:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 0 null type
= 002-05 15:19:03.112:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 1 null type
= 002-05 15:19:03.130:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 2 null type
= 002-05 15:19:03.141:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 3 null type
= 002-05 15:19:03.160:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 4 null type
= 102-05 15:19:03.170:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 5 null type
= 002-05 15:19:03.180:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 6 null type
= 002-05 15:19:03.190:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 7 null type
= 002-05 15:19:03.210:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 8 null type
= 002-05 15:19:03.210:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 9 null type
= 1 |
滚动list:
02-05 15:19:54.160:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 10 null type
= 002-05 15:19:57.440:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 11 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744528 type
= 002-05 15:20:01.310:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 12 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744eb0 type
= 002-05 15:20:01.880:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 13 android.widget.LinearLayout@437456d8 type
= 002-05 15:20:02.869:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 14 null type
= 102-05 15:20:06.489:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 15 android.widget.LinearLayout@43745f00 type
= 002-05 15:20:07.749:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 16 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747170 type
= 002-05 15:20:10.250:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 17 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747998 type
= 002-05 15:20:11.661:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 18 android.widget.LinearLayout@437481c0 type
= 002-05 15:20:13.180:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 19 android.widget.LinearLayout@437468a0 type
= 102-05 15:20:16.900:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 20 android.widget.LinearLayout@437489e8 type
= 002-05 15:20:25.690:
INFO/System.out(1035):
getView 21 android.widget.LinearLayout@4374a8d8 type
= 0 |
convertView对于分割线是空的,直到第一个分割线可见,当其离开屏幕,视图去到Recycler并且convertView开始起作用。
本文详细解析了Android中ListView的工作原理及其缓存机制,通过示例代码展示了如何利用convertView提高性能,尤其适用于大量数据的场景。
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