使用maven从头搭建SSM框架

SSM框架搭建步骤详解
本文详细介绍了如何使用maven从零开始搭建SSM(Spring、SpringMVC、Mybatis)框架。首先创建maven war项目,配置web.xml,接着在父工程中引入SSM及相关依赖,然后配置spring的IOC和AOP功能,以及Mybatis的数据库连接。接着配置springMVC入口及拦截路径,并设置视图解析器和JSON响应处理。最后,配置文件上传解析器,完成基础框架搭建。

1.创建maven项目,打包方式选择war(一般项目会分很多层,父工程会选择pom,非web工程会选择jar)

2.创建好后会报错,因为没有web.xml文件,这对web项目来说是必须的,后面的配置也会从这开始,如何快速创建web.xml文件在我之前的文章中有写,当然不怕麻烦也可以手动创建

3.接下来便是引入SSM及其相关的包,此时使用maven的好处就来了,可以保证每个项目引入的包的版本都是一样的,不会引起冲突,一般是在父工程中配置基础包,然后其他工程依赖父项目。
打开父工程的pom文件,复制下面的配置文件

<dependencies> 
  
  		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.annotation</groupId>
			<artifactId>jsr250-api</artifactId>
			<version>1.0</version>
		</dependency>
                                                               
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>                        
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>                          
        <version>2.5</version>                              
    </dependency>                                                           
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>                        
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>                       
        <version>2.1.3-b06</version>                              
    </dependency>                                                           
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>                        
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>                          
        <version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>                              
    </dependency>                                                           
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>                        
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>                       
        <version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>                              
    </dependency>                                                           
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>                        
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>                          
        <version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>                              
    </dependency>                                                           
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>                        
        <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>                           
        <version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>                              
    </dependency>                                                           
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>                        
        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>                           
        <version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>                              
    </dependency>                                                           
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>                        
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>                        
        <version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>                              
    </dependency>                                                           
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>                                
        <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>                                 
        <version>0.9.2</version>                                      
    </dependency>                                                           
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>cglib</groupId>                                      
        <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>                                
        <version>2.2</version>                                        
    </dependency>                                                           
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>                                
        <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>                        
        <version>1.6.8</version>                                      
    </dependency>                                                           
                                                                                  
    <!-- Spring整合MyBatis -->                                              
    <!-- MyBatis中延迟加载需要使用Cglib -->                                 
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis -->         
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>                                
        <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>                              
        <version>3.2.8</version>                                      
    </dependency>                                                           
                                                                                  
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>                                
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>                       
        <version>1.2.2</version>                                      
    </dependency>                                                           
                                                                                  
    <!-- 控制日志输出:结合log4j -->                                        
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>                                      
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>                                
        <version>1.2.17</version>                                     
    </dependency>                                                           
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>                                  
        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>                            
        <version>1.7.7</version>                                      
    </dependency>                                                           
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>                                  
        <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>                        
        <version>1.7.7</version>                                      
    </dependency>                                                           
                                                                                  
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>                                      
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>                 
        <version>5.1.37</version>                                     
    </dependency>                                                           
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>jstl</groupId>                                       
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>                                 
        <version>1.2</version>                                        
    </dependency>                                                           
                                                                                  
    <!-- ********其他****************************** -->                     
                                                                                  
    <!-- Ehcache二级缓存 -->                                                
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>                             
        <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>                              
        <version>1.6.2</version>                                      
    </dependency>                                                           
                                                                                  
                                                                                  
    <!-- 石英调度 - 开始 -->                                                
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>                       
        <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>                               
        <version>1.8.5</version>                                      
    </dependency>                                                           
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>                        
        <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>               
        <version>4.0.0.RELEASE</version>                              
    </dependency>                                                           
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>commons-collections</groupId>                        
        <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>                  
        <version>3.1</version>                                        
    </dependency>                                                           
    <!-- 石英调度 - 结束 -->                                                
                                                                                  
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>                       
        <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>                   
        <version>1.9.2</version>                                      
    </dependency>                                                           
                                                                                  
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>                             
        <artifactId>poi</artifactId>                                  
        <version>3.9</version>                                        
    </dependency>                                                           
                                                                                  
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.jfree</groupId>                                  
        <artifactId>jfreechart</artifactId>                           
        <version>1.0.19</version>                                     
    </dependency>                                                           
                                                                                  
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>                         
        <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>                   
        <version>1.3.1</version>                                      
    </dependency>                                                           
                                                                                  
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.freemarker</groupId>                             
        <artifactId>freemarker</artifactId>                           
        <version>2.3.19</version>                                     
    </dependency>                                                           
                                                                                  
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.activiti</groupId>                               
        <artifactId>activiti-engine</artifactId>                      
        <version>5.15.1</version>                                     
    </dependency>                                                           
                                                                                  
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.activiti</groupId>                               
        <artifactId>activiti-spring</artifactId>                      
        <version>5.15.1</version>                                     
    </dependency>                                                           
                                                                                  
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>                         
        <artifactId>commons-email</artifactId>                        
        <version>1.3.1</version>                                      
    </dependency>                                                           
                                                                                  
    <dependency>                                                            
        <groupId>org.activiti</groupId>                               
        <artifactId>activiti-explorer</artifactId>                    
        <version>5.15.1</version>                                     
        <exclusions>                                                        
            <exclusion>                                                     
                <artifactId>groovy-all</artifactId>                   
                <groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId>                
            </exclusion>                                                    
        </exclusions>                                                       
    </dependency>                                                           
</dependencies>

在其他工程依赖父工程后,这些包也就可以在各个项目中使用了

4.打开需要搭建SSM框架的web项目的web.xml文件,首先配置spring框架

	<!-- Spring -->
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath*:spring/spring-*.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>

这相当于是一个入口,它依赖的是一个监听器,需要告诉它spring主配置文件的路径,让项目好找到,这里classpath代表的是该项目及其所依赖项目的src/main/resource路径,classpath:spring/spring-*.xml表示的就是在src/main/resource的spring文件夹下,所有前缀名为spring-,后缀名为.xml的文件都是该项目spring框架的配置文件

5.配置spring配置文件内容。
文件头:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">


</beans>

(1)配置IOC功能

	<context:component-scan base-package="cn.xc.**" >
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>

根据扫描注解的方式更简单方便,所需要扫描的包在 base-package属性中设置,这里的配置中除去了对@Controller注解的扫描,因为@Controller与springMVC关联是更密切的,应该由它来扫描

(2)配置AOP功能

    <!-- 声明式事务 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" >
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    <tx:advice id="transactionAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager" >
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" isolation="DEFAULT" rollback-for="java.lang.Exception" />
            <tx:method name="query*" read-only="true" />
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>    
    <aop:config>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="transactionAdvice" pointcut="execution(* cn.xc..*Service.*(..))"/>
    </aop:config>

这里注意根据项目需求更改 aop:advisor标签的pointcut属性,上面配置的意思是在cn.xc下及其所有子包的所有XXService都使用事务功能,这可以在之后的测试中看生成的Service对象是否为代理对象来检验

(3)整合Mybatis

<!-- MyBatis -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean" >
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis/config.xml" />
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="mapperLocations" >
            <list>
                <value>classpath*:mybatis/mapper-*.xml</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
    
	<!-- 扫描dao -->
    <bean id="mapperScannerConfigurer" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer" >
        <property name="basePackage" value="cn.xc.rbac.**.dao" />
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 数据库连接池 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" >
        <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/rbac?rewriteBatchedStatements=true&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf8"/>
        <property name="user" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="123"/>
    </bean>

注意根据需求更改数据库连接池的相关配置信息

6.配置springMVC
打开web.xml文件

<!-- SpringMVC -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>classpath:spring/springmvc-context.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>

springMVC入口依赖的是一个Servlet,可以更改url-pattern来配置springMVC要拦截哪些请求,<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>表示当项目启动时就创建该Servlet,以免第一个请求到达时再创建造成的等待时间过久

7.配置springMVC主配置文件
文件头:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">


</beans>

刚才在spring配置文件中忽略对@Controller注解的扫描,这时要加上来

<context:component-scan base-package="cn.xc.*" use-default-filters="false" >
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>

在web.xml中配置的springMVC拦截路径为“/”,所以一些静态资源也会被拦截,如图片、css、js脚本等等,这里要放行

 <!-- 放行静态资源 -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

配置视图解析器:

<!-- 视图解析器  -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" >
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

表示的是在Controller中返回的页面路径都会自动加上"/WEB-INF/jsp/"前缀和“.jsp”后缀

web项目中数据传输会经常跟json打交道,配置响应json处理:

<mvc:annotation-driven />

还有另一种方式,效果是一样的:

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" >
        <property name="messageConverters" >
            <list>
                <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" >
                    <property name="supportedMediaTypes" >
                        <list>
                            <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
                        </list>
                    </property>
                </bean>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

配置文件上传解析器

<!-- 文件上传解析器MultipartResolver -->
     <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" p:defaultEncoding="UTF-8" >
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="2097152"/>
        <property name="resolveLazily" value="true"/>
    </bean>

之前在spring中配置了mybaitis的配置文件的路径,其实暂时并没有什么需要配置的,可以放一个空文件在那里:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <typeAliases>

    </typeAliases>
</configuration>

到此SSM框架就基本搭建完成,剩下的就只有Mybatis的mapper文件,这个就根据需求自己创建吧,注意要按配置文件中的路径来,不过简单的sql语句也可以直接在dao接口中使用注解完成,如@Select(“select * from t_text”)

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