HAProxy+Keepalived

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本文介绍如何安装配置HAProxy实现负载均衡，并通过Keepalived实现高可用性集群。详细步骤包括安装依赖、编译配置文件及设置监控脚本。

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安装HAProxy请参考

[root@A local]# yum install -y gcc
[root@A local]# tar zxvf haproxy-1.4.24.tar.gz
[root@A local]# cd haproxy-1.4.24
[root@A haproxy-1.4.24]# make install
[root@A haproxy-1.4.24]# mkdir -p /usr/local/haproxy/etc
[root@A haproxy-1.4.24]# mkdir -p /usr/local/haproxy/sbin
[root@A haproxy-1.4.24]# cp examples/haproxy.cfg /usr/local/haproxy/etc
[root@A haproxy-1.4.24]# ln -s /usr/local/sbin/haproxy /usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy
[root@A haproxy-1.4.24]# vi /usr/local/haproxy/etc/haproxy.cfg

按 Ctrl+C 复制代码

global
        log 127.0.0.1 local0
        maxconn 4096                     #最大连接数
        chroot /usr/local/haproxy
        uid 99                           #所属运行的用户UID
        gid 99                           #所属运行用用户组
        daemon                           #以后台形式运行HAProxy
        nbproc 1                         #启动1个实例，可以启多个来提高效率
      
defaults
        log global
        mode http
        option httpclose       #每次请求完毕后主动关闭http通道
        option redispatch      #当serverId对应的服务器挂掉后，强制定向到其他健康的服务器
        option forwardfor      #
        option abortonclose    #当服务器负载很高的时候，自动结束掉当前队列处理比较久的链接
        option dontlognull     #保证HAProxy不记录上级负载均衡发送过来的用于检测状态没有数据的心跳包 
        retries 2
        maxconn 2000
        balance source         #如果想让HAProxy按照客户端的IP地址进行负载均衡策略，即同一IP地址的所有请求都发送到同一服务器时，需要配置此选项
        contimeout      5000
        clitimeout      50000
        srvtimeout      50000

listen web_proxy 10.10.3.163:80
        mode http
        server web1 10.10.3.13:8817 cookie app1inst1 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5
        server web2 10.10.3.151:8400 cookie app1inst2 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5

listen scoket_proxy 10.10.3.163:12315
        mode tcp
        server scoket1 10.10.3.158:12315 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5
        server scoket2 10.10.3.10:12315 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5

listen admin_stats
        bind *:1080               #监听端口
        mode http                       #http的7层模式
        option httplog                  #采用http日志格式
        log 127.0.0.1 local0 err
        maxconn 10
        stats refresh 30s               #统计页面自动刷新时间
        stats uri /stats                #统计页面url
        stats realm XingCloud\ Haproxy  #统计页面密码框上提示文本
        stats auth admin:admin          #统计页面用户名和密码设置
        stats hide-version              #隐藏统计页面上HAProxy的版本信息

按 Ctrl+C 复制代码

启动Haproxy

haproxy -f /usr/local/haproxy/etc/haproxy.cfg

停止Haproxy

killall haproxy

访问

http://10.10.3.163:1080/stats

配置直接重定向URL

现在HAProxy的算法也非常多，并不比专业的F5/LVS算法少，常用的算法有如下8种：
balance roundrobin，表示简单的轮询，建议关注；
balance static-rr，表示根据权重，建议关注；
balance leastconn，表示最少连接者先处理，建议关注；
balance source，表示根据请求源IP，跟Nginx的ip_hash算法相似，建议关注；
balance uri，表示根据请求的URI；
balance url_param，表示根据请求的URl参数；
balance hdr(name)，表示根据HTTP请求头来锁定每一次HTTP请求；
balance rdp-cookie(name)，表示根据据cookie(name)来锁定并哈希每一次TCP请求。

安装Keepalived

1、下载安装依赖包

yum install -y wget make gcc openssl-devel popt-devel

2、下载、安装Keepalived

wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.8.tar.gz
tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.8.tar.gz
cd keepalived-1.2.8
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
make
make install

3、安装成功后做成服务模式。

cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/

4、配置文件

mkdir -p /etc/keepalived/
cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

global_defs {
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
#监测haproxy进程状态，每2秒执行一次
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
    script "/etc/keepalived/chk_haproxy.sh"
    interval 2
    weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER          #从服务器为BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100             #从服务器要低于100
    advert_int 1
    mcast_src_ip 10.10.3.171    #MASTER服务器IP,从服务器写从服务器的IP
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 111111
    }
    track_script {
        chk_haproxy    #监测haproxy进程状态
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.10.3.170    #虚拟IP
    }
}

chk_haproxy.sh内容

vi /etc/keepalived/chk_haproxy.sh

status=$(ps aux|grep haproxy | grep -v grep | grep -v bash | wc -l)
if [ "${status}" = "0" ]; then
    /etc/init.d/haproxy start

    status2=$(ps aux|grep haproxy | grep -v grep | grep -v bash |wc -l)

    if [ "${status2}" = "0"  ]; then
            /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
    fi
fi

启动和关闭服务

service keepalived start
service keepalived stop

高可用测试

1、将Master上的keepalived停止

查看Master上的日志

tail -f /var/log/messages

Sep 23 01:24:34 181 Keepalived[3125]: Stopping Keepalived v1.2.8 (09/23,2013)
Sep 23 01:24:34 181 Keepalived_vrrp[3127]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sending 0 priority
Sep 23 01:24:34 181 Keepalived_vrrp[3127]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.

发现Master释放了VIP

再查看Backup上的日志

Sep 23 01:20:26 182 Keepalived_vrrp[2887]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Sep 23 01:20:27 182 Keepalived_vrrp[2887]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Sep 23 01:20:27 182 Keepalived_vrrp[2887]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Sep 23 01:20:27 182 Keepalived_vrrp[2887]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.10.3.180
Sep 23 01:20:27 182 Keepalived_healthcheckers[2886]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.3.180 added

发现Backup绑定了VIP

2、将Master上的keepalived启动

查看Master上的日志

tail -f /var/log/messages

Sep 23 01:27:56 181 Keepalived_vrrp[3450]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Sep 23 01:27:56 181 Keepalived_vrrp[3450]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Sep 23 01:27:56 181 Keepalived_vrrp[3450]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.10.3.180
Sep 23 01:27:56 181 Keepalived_healthcheckers[3449]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.3.180 added

发现Master绑定了VIP

再查看Backup上的日志

Sep 23 01:21:15 182 Keepalived_vrrp[2887]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert
Sep 23 01:21:15 182 Keepalived_vrrp[2887]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
Sep 23 01:21:15 182 Keepalived_vrrp[2887]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
Sep 23 01:21:15 182 Keepalived_healthcheckers[2886]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.10.3.180 removed

发现Backup释放了VIP