linux下的错误捕获errno和strerror()

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-12 21:15:58 发布

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本文深入解析Linux系统中常见的API调用错误及其对应的错误代码，包括错误含义、解决步骤，并通过示例代码展示如何在本地打印errno对应的错误消息。旨在帮助开发者快速定位和解决API调用失败的问题。

经常在调用linux 系统api 的时候会出现一些错误，比方说使用open() write() creat()之类的函数有些时候会返回-1，也就是调用失败，这个时候往往需要知道失败的原因。这个时候使用errno这个全局变量就相当有用了。

1 errno和strerror()函数

1.1 errno

在程序代码中包含 #include <errno.h>，然后每次程序调用失败的时候，系统会自动用用错误代码填充errno这个全局变量，这样你只需要读errno这个全局变量就可以获得失败原因了。

1.2 strerror()函数

头文件：<string.h>

函数原型：char * strerror(int errnum);

将error编码errnum转换成错误消息，通过字符串返回。

1.3 perror()函数

头文件：<stdio.h>

函数原型：void perror(const char * msg);

将错误消息输出到错误输出（stderr），并换行。如果msg为空指针或者指向字符串为空，则向错误输出打印errno对应的错误消息；如果msg不为空，则向错误输出打印msg的内容后再打印冒号、空格和errno对应的错误消息。

2 errno含义

#define ESUC 0 /* Success */
#define EPERM 1 /* Operation not permitted */
#define ENOENT 2 /* No such file or directory */
#define ESRCH 3 /* No such process */
#define EINTR 4 /* Interrupted system call */
#define EIO 5 /* I/O error */
#define ENXIO 6 /* No such device or address */
#define E2BIG 7 /* Arg list too long */
#define ENOEXEC 8 /* Exec format error */
#define EBADF 9 /* Bad file number */
#define ECHILD 10 /* No child processes */
#define EAGAIN 11 /* Try again */
#define ENOMEM 12 /* Out of memory */
#define EACCES 13 /* Permission denied */
#define EFAULT 14 /* Bad address */
#define ENOTBLK 15 /* Block device required */
#define EBUSY 16 /* Device or resource busy */
#define EEXIST 17 /* File exists */
#define EXDEV 18 /* Cross-device link */
#define ENODEV 19 /* No such device */
#define ENOTDIR 20 /* Not a directory */
#define EISDIR 21 /* Is a directory */
#define EINVAL 22 /* Invalid argument */
#define ENFILE 23 /* File table overflow */
#define EMFILE 24 /* Too many open files */
#define ENOTTY 25 /* Not a typewriter */
#define ETXTBSY 26 /* Text file busy */
#define EFBIG 27 /* File too large */
#define ENOSPC 28 /* No space left on device */
#define ESPIPE 29 /* Illegal seek */
#define EROFS 30 /* Read-only file system */
#define EMLINK 31 /* Too many links */
#define EPIPE 32 /* Broken pipe */
#define EDOM 33 /* Math argument out of domain of func */
#define ERANGE 34 /* Math result not representable */
#define EDEADLK 35 /* Resource deadlock would occur */
#define ENAMETOOLONG 36 /* File name too long */
#define ENOLCK 37 /* No record locks available */
#define ENOSYS 38 /* Function not implemented */
#define ENOTEMPTY 39 /* Directory not empty */
#define ELOOP 40 /* Too many symbolic links encountered */
#define EWOULDBLOCK EAGAIN /* Operation would block */
#define ENOMSG 42 /* No message of desired type */
#define EIDRM 43 /* Identifier removed */
#define ECHRNG 44 /* Channel number out of range */
#define EL2NSYNC 45 /* Level 2 not synchronized */
#define EL3HLT 46 /* Level 3 halted */
#define EL3RST 47 /* Level 3 reset */
#define ELNRNG 48 /* Link number out of range */
#define EUNATCH 49 /* Protocol driver not attached */
#define ENOCSI 50 /* No CSI structure available */
#define EL2HLT 51 /* Level 2 halted */
#define EBADE 52 /* Invalid exchange */
#define EBADR 53 /* Invalid request descriptor */
#define EXFULL 54 /* Exchange full */
#define ENOANO 55 /* No anode */
#define EBADRQC 56 /* Invalid request code */
#define EBADSLT 57 /* Invalid slot */
#define EDEADLOCK EDEADLK
#define EBFONT 59 /* Bad font file format */
#define ENOSTR 60 /* Device not a stream */
#define ENODATA 61 /* No data available */
#define ETIME 62 /* Timer expired */
#define ENOSR 63 /* Out of streams resources */
#define ENONET 64 /* Machine is not on the network */
#define ENOPKG 65 /* Package not installed */
#define EREMOTE 66 /* Object is remote */
#define ENOLINK 67 /* Link has been severed */
#define EADV 68 /* Advertise error */
#define ESRMNT 69 /* Srmount error */
#define ECOMM 70 /* Communication error on send */
#define EPROTO 71 /* Protocol error */
#define EMULTIHOP 72 /* Multihop attempted */
#define EDOTDOT 73 /* RFS specific error */
#define EBADMSG 74 /* Not a data message */
#define EOVERFLOW 75 /* Value too large for defined data type */
#define ENOTUNIQ 76 /* Name not unique on network */
#define EBADFD 77 /* File descriptor in bad state */
#define EREMCHG 78 /* Remote address changed */
#define ELIBACC 79 /* Can not access a needed shared library */
#define ELIBBAD 80 /* Accessing a corrupted shared library */
#define ELIBSCN 81 /* .lib section in a.out corrupted */
#define ELIBMAX 82 /* Attempting to link in too many shared libraries */
#define ELIBEXEC 83 /* Cannot exec a shared library directly */
#define EILSEQ 84 /* Illegal byte sequence */
#define ERESTART 85 /* Interrupted system call should be restarted */
#define ESTRPIPE 86 /* Streams pipe error */
#define EUSERS 87 /* Too many users */
#define ENOTSOCK 88 /* Socket operation on non-socket */
#define EDESTADDRREQ 89 /* Destination address required */
#define EMSGSIZE 90 /* Message too long */
#define EPROTOTYPE 91 /* Protocol wrong type for socket */
#define ENOPROTOOPT 92 /* Protocol not available */
#define EPROTONOSUPPORT 93 /* Protocol not supported */
#define ESOCKTNOSUPPORT 94 /* Socket type not supported */
#define EOPNOTSUPP 95 /* Operation not supported on transport endpoint */
#define EPFNOSUPPORT 96 /* Protocol family not supported */
#define EAFNOSUPPORT 97 /* Address family not supported by protocol */
#define EADDRINUSE 98 /* Address already in use */
#define EADDRNOTAVAIL 99 /* Cannot assign requested address */
#define ENETDOWN 100 /* Network is down */
#define ENETUNREACH 101 /* Network is unreachable */
#define ENETRESET 102 /* Network dropped connection because of reset */
#define ECONNABORTED 103 /* Software caused connection abort */
#define ECONNRESET 104 /* Connection reset by peer */
#define ENOBUFS 105 /* No buffer space available */
#define EISCONN 106 /* Transport endpoint is already connected */
#define ENOTCONN 107 /* Transport endpoint is not connected */
#define ESHUTDOWN 108 /* Cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown */
#define ETOOMANYREFS 109 /* Too many references: cannot splice */
#define ETIMEDOUT 110 /* Connection timed out */
#define ECONNREFUSED 111 /* Connection refused */
#define EHOSTDOWN 112 /* Host is down */
#define EHOSTUNREACH 113 /* No route to host */
#define EALREADY 114 /* Operation already in progress */
#define EINPROGRESS 115 /* Operation now in progress */
#define ESTALE 116 /* Stale NFS file handle */
#define EUCLEAN 117 /* Structure needs cleaning */
#define ENOTNAM 118 /* Not a XENIX named type file */
#define ENAVAIL 119 /* No XENIX semaphores available */
#define EISNAM 120 /* Is a named type file */
#define EREMOTEIO 121 /* Remote I/O error */
#define EDQUOT 122 /* Quota exceeded */
#define ENOMEDIUM 123 /* No medium found */
#define EMEDIUMTYPE 124 /* Wrong medium type */

3 在本机打印errno对应错误消息

#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char * argv[]) 
{
    for(int i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
    {
        fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", strerror(i));
    }
    return 0;
}

0 Success
1 Operation not permitted
2 No such file or directory
3 No such process
4 Interrupted system call
5 Input/output error
6 No such device or address
7 Argument list too long
8 Exec format error
9 Bad file descriptor
10 No child processes
11 Resource temporarily unavailable
12 Cannot allocate memory
13 Permission denied
14 Bad address
15 Block device required
16 Device or resource busy
17 File exists
18 Invalid cross-device link
19 No such device
20 Not a directory
21 Is a directory
22 Invalid argument
23 Too many open files in system
24 Too many open files
25 Inappropriate ioctl for device
26 Text file busy
27 File too large
28 No space left on device
29 Illegal seek
30 Read-only file system
31 Too many links
32 Broken pipe
33 Numerical argument out of domain
34 Numerical result out of range
35 Resource deadlock avoided
36 File name too long
37 No locks available
38 Function not implemented
39 Directory not empty
40 Too many levels of symbolic links
41 Unknown error 41
42 No message of desired type
43 Identifier removed
44 Channel number out of range
45 Level 2 not synchronized
46 Level 3 halted
47 Level 3 reset
48 Link number out of range
49 Protocol driver not attached
50 No CSI structure available
51 Level 2 halted
52 Invalid exchange
53 Invalid request descriptor
54 Exchange full
55 No anode
56 Invalid request code
57 Invalid slot
58 Unknown error 58
59 Bad font file format
60 Device not a stream
61 No data available
62 Timer expired
63 Out of streams resources
64 Machine is not on the network
65 Package not installed
66 Object is remote
67 Link has been severed
68 Advertise error
69 Srmount error
70 Communication error on send
71 Protocol error
72 Multihop attempted
73 RFS specific error
74 Bad message
75 Value too large for defined data type
76 Name not unique on network
77 File descriptor in bad state
78 Remote address changed
79 Can not access a needed shared library
80 Accessing a corrupted shared library
81 .lib section in a.out corrupted
82 Attempting to link in too many shared libraries
83 Cannot exec a shared library directly
84 Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character
85 Interrupted system call should be restarted
86 Streams pipe error
87 Too many users
88 Socket operation on non-socket
89 Destination address required
90 Message too long
91 Protocol wrong type for socket
92 Protocol not available
93 Protocol not supported
94 Socket type not supported
95 Operation not supported
96 Protocol family not supported
97 Address family not supported by protocol
98 Address already in use
99 Cannot assign requested address
100 Network is down
101 Network is unreachable
102 Network dropped connection on reset
103 Software caused connection abort
104 Connection reset by peer
105 No buffer space available
106 Transport endpoint is already connected
107 Transport endpoint is not connected
108 Cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown
109 Too many references: cannot splice
110 Connection timed out
111 Connection refused
112 Host is down
113 No route to host
114 Operation already in progress
115 Operation now in progress
116 Stale NFS file handle
117 Structure needs cleaning
118 Not a XENIX named type file
119 No XENIX semaphores available
120 Is a named type file
121 Remote I/O error
122 Disk quota exceeded
123 No medium found
124 Wrong medium type
125 Operation canceled
126 Unknown error 126