Spring v3.0.2 Learning Note 14 - Send Email with Spring

本文介绍如何利用Spring框架发送电子邮件，包括使用JavaMail API和MailSender接口实现简单的邮件发送任务，并展示了如何配置邮件模板及发送MIME邮件的方法。

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Reference Library

%SPRING%/dist/org.springframework.core-3.0.2.RELEASE.jar
%SPRING%/dist/org.springframework.asm-3.0.2.RELEASE.jar
%SPRING%/dist/org.springframework.beans-3.0.2.RELEASE.jar
%SPRING%/dist/org.springframework.context-3.0.2.RELEASE.jar
%SPRING%/dist/org.springframework.context.support-3.0.2.RELEASE.jar
%SPRING%/dist/org.springframework.expression-3.0.2.RELEASE.jar
%SPRING%/dist/org.springframework.aspects-3.0.2.RELEASE.jar
%SPRING%/dist/org.springframework.aop-3.0.2.RELEASE.jar
%SPRING_DEP%/org.apache.commons/org.apache.common/com.springsource.org.apache.commons.logging/1.1.1/com.springsource.org.apache.commons.logging-1.1.1.jar
%SPRING_DEP%/javax.mail/com.springsource.javax.mail/1.4.0/com.springsource.javax.mail-1.4.0.jar
%SPRING_DEP%/org.aopalliance/com.springsource.org.aopalliance/1.0.0/com.springsource.org.aopalliance-1.0.0.jar

create a java project and add above library files to project classpath.

This is the interface class:
// interface class
package test.spring.email;

public interface AccountNotifier {
    public void notifyAccount(String accountId, String password);
}

Send Email Using JavaMail API

package test.spring.email;

import java.util.Properties;

import javax.mail.Authenticator;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class AccountNotifierImpl implements AccountNotifier {

    @Override
    public void notifyAccount(String accountId, String password) {
        Properties props = new Properties();
        props.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.gmail.com");
        props.put("mail.smtp.port", "587");
        props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
        props.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", "true");
        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props,
                new Authenticator() {
                    protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                        return new PasswordAuthentication("<gmail account>", "<gmail password>");
                    }
                });
        session.setDebug(true);
        try {
            Message message = new MimeMessage(session);
            message.setFrom(new InternetAddress("ABC@gmail.com"));
            message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, InternetAddress
                    .parse("DEF@yahoo.com"));
            message.setSubject("Account Notification Test");
            message.setText("Dear Customer,/n/n" + "Account No. : " + accountId
                    + "/n" + "Password : " + password);
            Transport.send(message);
            System.out.println("success!");
        } catch (MessagingException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

Firstly, open a mail session connecting to an SMTP server by defining the properties. Then create a message from this session for constructing your e-mail. After that, send the e-mail by making a call to Transport.send().

This is the spring configuration file.

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">
    <context:component-scan base-package="test.spring.email" />
</beans>

Run this junit test, you can see the email has been sent out.

// junit test
package test.spring.email;

import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class EmailTester {

    @BeforeClass
    public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
    }

    @AfterClass
    public static void tearDownAfterClass() throws Exception {
    }

    @Test
    public void testEmailSender() {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
                "spring.xml");

        AccountNotifier accountNotifier = (AccountNotifier) context
                .getBean("accountNotifierImpl");
        accountNotifier.notifyAccount("Account12", "pwd123");
    }
}

Send Email with Spring's MailSender

The core interface of Spring’s e-mail support is MailSender. If only sending plain text in the email, use this interface.

// implement class
package test.spring.email;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.springframework.mail.MailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class AccountNotifierMailSenderImpl implements AccountNotifier {
    @Resource
    private MailSender mailSender;

    public void setMailSender(MailSender mailSender) {
        this.mailSender = mailSender;
    }

    @Override
    public void notifyAccount(String accountId, String password) {
        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
        message.setFrom("ABC@yahoo.com");
        message.setTo("DEF@yahoo.com");
        message.setSubject("Account Notifier with Spring Mail Sender");
        message.setText("Dear Customer,/n/n" + "Account No. : " + accountId
                + "/n" + "Password : " + password);
        mailSender.send(message);
    }
}

then, configure mailSender in spring as follows.

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">
    <context:component-scan base-package="test.spring.email" />
    <bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">
        <property name="host" value="smtp.gmail.com" />
        <property name="port" value="587" />
        <property name="username" value="<your account>" />
        <property name="password" value="<your password>" />
        <property name="javaMailProperties">
            <props>
                
                <prop key="mail.smtp.auth">true</prop>
                
                <prop key="mail.smtp.starttls.enable">true</prop>
                 
                <prop key="mail.debug">true</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

If you have a JavaMail session configured in your application server, you can first look it up with the help of JndiObjectFactoryBean.

<bean id="mailSession" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean">
        <property name="jndiName" value="mail/Session" />
</bean>

Or you can look up a JavaMail session through the <jee:jndi-lookup> element if you are using Spring 2.0 or later.

<jee:jndi-lookup id="mailSession" jndi-name="mail/Session" />

You can inject the JavaMail session into JavaMailSenderImpl for its use. In this case, you no longer need to set the host, port, username, or password.

<bean id="mailSender"
class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">
<property name="session" ref="mailSession" />
</bean>

If you are using tomcat 6.x, you can define JavaMail session as follows.

<Context path="/myapp" docBase="myapp">

<!-- JavaMail session factory -->



    <Resource name="mail/Session"



              auth="Container"



              type="javax.mail.Session"



              username="yourusername"



              password="yourpassword"



              mail.debug="true"



              mail.user="yourusername"



              mail.password="yourpassword"



              mail.transport.protocol="smtp"



              mail.smtp.host="your.smtphost.com"



              mail.smtp.auth="true"



              mail.smtp.port="25"



              mail.smtp.starttls.enable="true"/>



</Context>

Email Template

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"



 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"



 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"



 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans



  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 



  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 



  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd



  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 



  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">

<context:component-scan base-package="test.spring.email" />



 <bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl">



  <property name="host" value="smtp.gmail.com" />



  <property name="port" value="587" />



  <property name="username" value="<yourname>" />



  <property name="password" value="<password>" />



  <property name="javaMailProperties">



   <props>



    <!-- Use SMTP-AUTH to authenticate to SMTP server -->



    <prop key="mail.smtp.auth">true</prop>



    <!-- Use TLS to encrypt communication with SMTP server -->



    <prop key="mail.smtp.starttls.enable">true</prop>



    <prop key="mail.debug">true</prop>



   </props>



  </property>







 </bean>



 <bean id="mailMessage


" class="org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage">






  <!-- <property name="from" value="ABC@gmail.com" />  -->






  <property name="from">






   <value><![CDATA[Application Notifier <noreply@gmail.com>]]></value>






  </property>






  <!-- <property name="to" value="DEF@yahoo.com" />   -->






  <property name="to">






   <value><![CDATA[System Customer <DEF@yahoo.com>]]></value>






  </property>






  <property name="subject"






   value="Account Notification Test with Email Template" />






  <property name="text">






   <value>






<![CDATA[






Dear Customer,










Account No. : %s






Password : %s










XXX Administrator






]]>






   </value>






  </property>






 </bean>










</beans>

package test.spring.email;







import javax.annotation.Resource;







import org.springframework.mail.MailSender;



import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;



import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;







@Component



public class AccountNotifierMailSenderImpl implements AccountNotifier {



 @Resource



 private MailSender mailSender;






 @Resource



 private SimpleMailMessage mailMessage;










 public void setMailSender(MailSender mailSender) {



  this.mailSender = mailSender;



 }







 public void setMailMessage(SimpleMailMessage mailMessage) {



  this.mailMessage = mailMessage;



 }







 @Override



 public void notifyAccount(String accountId, String password) {



  SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage(mailMessage);



  message.setText(String.format(mailMessage.getText(), accountId,






    password));









  mailSender.send(message);



 }







}

Note the placeholders %s, which will be replaced by message parameters through String.format().Of course, you can also use a powerful templating language such as Velocity or FreeMarker to generate the message text according to a template. It’s also a good practice to separate mail message templates from bean configuration files.Each time you send e-mail, you can construct a new SimpleMailMessage instance from this injected template. Then you can generate the message text using String.format() to replace the %s placeholders with your message parameters.

Sending MIME Message

// change bean definition
    <bean id="mailMessage" class="org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage">
        
        <property name="from">
            <value><![CDATA[Application Notifier <noreply@gmail.com>]]></value>
        </property>
        
        <property name="to">
            <value><![CDATA[System Customer <xiang.wang@ufinity.com>]]></value>
        </property>
        <property name="subject"
            value="Account Notification Test with Email Template" />
        <property name="text">
            <value>
<![CDATA[               //---<<<<< include HTML tag within email content
<html><body>
Dear Customer,<p/>

Account No. :<b><style color="red"> %s</style></b><br/>
Password : %s<br/>
<br/>
Now you are allowed to access:<br/>
<ul>
<li><a href="www.yahoo.com">yahoo</a></li>
<li><a href="www.google.com">google</a></li>
</ul>
<br/>
XXX Administrator
</body></html>
]]>
            </value>
        </property>
    </bean>

// implement class
package test.spring.email;

import java.io.File;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;

import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessagePreparator;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class AccountNotifierMailSenderImpl implements AccountNotifier {
    @Resource
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;
    @Resource
    private SimpleMailMessage mailMessage;
    // should be JavaMailSende, not MailSender instead
    public void setMailSender(JavaMailSender mailSender) {
        this.mailSender = mailSender;
    }

    public void setMailMessage(SimpleMailMessage mailMessage) {
        this.mailMessage = mailMessage;
    }

    @Override
    public void notifyAccount(final String accountId, final String password) {

        MimeMessagePreparator preparator = new MimeMessagePreparator() {
            public void prepare(MimeMessage mimeMessage) throws Exception {
                MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage,
                        true);
                helper.setFrom(mailMessage.getFrom());
                helper.setTo(mailMessage.getTo());
                helper.setSubject(mailMessage.getSubject());
                helper.setText(String.format(mailMessage.getText(), accountId,
                        password), true); // must set true,otherwise, will show plain text in email
                // add attachment
                FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(
                        "d:/logo.jpg"));
                helper.addAttachment("mylog.jpg", file);
            }
        };
        mailSender.send(preparator);
    }
}

In the prepare() method, you can prepare the MimeMessage object, which is precreated for JavaMailSender. If there’s any exception thrown, it will be converted into Spring’s mail runtime exception automatically.