Spring MVC3入门教程
Java的WEB框架中,Struts2应该是最著名的,不过最近试了试Spring3 MVC,感觉好爽啊,像ASP.Net MVC3一样舒服,以后就用它了。简单记录一下过程,没有技术含量。
1、准备包
下载的是spring framework 3.2.0,从中抽取以下jar到工程的WEB-INF/lib下:
spring-beans-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar spring-context-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar spring-core-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar spring-expression-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar spring-web-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar spring-webmvc-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar
另外还需要几个第三方jar包,记录日志和处理json:
commons-logging-1.1.1.jar jackson-core-als-1.9.11.jar jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.11.jar
2、WEB-INF/web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <!--站点名--> <display-name>mvc</display-name> <!--指定spring配置文件--> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <servlet> <!--servlet名字,随意--> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <!--servlet名字--> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <!--拦截所有请求,对静态文件会有问题,在spring-servlet.xml中解决--> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
3、WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"> <!-- 启动注解驱动的Spring MVC功能,注册请求url和注解POJO类方法的映射--> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- 启动包扫描功能,以便注册带有@Controller、@Service、@repository、@Component等注解的类成为spring的bean --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.test.mvc.web" /> <!-- 对模型视图名称的解析,在WEB-INF/jsp目录下找对应的jsp文件 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/" p:suffix=".jsp" /> <!--放过/scripts下的静态文件--> <mvc:resources mapping="/scripts/**" location="/scripts/" /> </beans>
4、WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml spring的配置文件,由于我们不使用它的其它功能,暂时放个空的就好了。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd"> </beans>
5、写Controller
package com.test.mvc.web;
import org.springframework.stereotype.*;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.*;
/**
* 控制器,用Controller注解
*/
@Controller
public class HomeController {
/**
* 映射到/welcome
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/welcome")
public ModelAndView welcome(){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("welcome"); //使用welcome.jsp,如果不写,根据url默认也是welcome.jsp
mv.addObject("hello", "Hello"); //model中增加一个名为hello的字符串
Client client = new Client();
client.setName("User");
mv.addObject("client", client); //再增加一个名为client的自定义对象
return mv;
}
/**
* 如果不需要Model,直接返String更简单,对应的view为login_page.jsp
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/login")
public String login(){
return "login_page";
}
/**
* 一个返回json的方法,用ResponseBody标识
* 可以在url中定义参数中,实现RESTful真是太简单了
* 传参很灵活,可以从url中取,也可以定义普通的
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/client/{name}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public Client getClient(@PathVariable String name, String title){
Client client = new Client();
client.setName(title+ " " + name);
return client;
}
}
里面用到了Client,很简单的POJO:
package com.test.mvc.web;
/**
* 自定义一个POJO
*/
public class Client {
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
6、写视图
根据spring-servlet.xml中的配置,视图要放到WEB-INF/jsp下,新建welcome.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Spring MVC</title> <script src="scripts/jquery-1.4.2.js"></script> <script> $(function(){ $("#btnGet").click(function(){ $.ajax({ type: 'GET', url : 'client/Tian', //通过url传递name参数 dataType : 'json', data: {title: "Mr"}, //通过data传递title参数 success : function(data) { alert(data.name); }, error : function(data) { alert(data.responseText); } }); }); }); </script> </head> <body> ${hello} ${client.name} <br/> <input id="btnGet" type="button" value="get client" /> </body> </html>
一切就绪,把Tomcat跑起来吧,用浏览器访问 localhost:8080/mvc/welcome 就能看到页面了。