11.2.0.4 dataguard环境准备

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本文详细介绍了如何在Oracle数据库环境下，通过一系列步骤完成主库与备库的准备、配置及连接设置，确保数据库系统的高可用性和容灾能力。

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主库信息：数据库：11.2.0.4 OS：rhel as6.4 64位 SID：primary db_name：primary db_unique_name：primary

备库信息：数据库：11.2.0.4 OS：rhel as6.4 64位 SID：standby db_name：primary db_unique_name：standby

1.主库准备：

1.1 Enable ForcedLogging

select FORCE_LOGGING from v$database;

alter database force logging;

1.2 Configure Redotransport Authentication

orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SIDpassword=redhat entries=10 force=yes

1.3 Configure thePrimary Database to Receive Redo data

ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/primary/slog1.rdo') SIZE 50M;

ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/primary/slog2.rdo') SIZE 50M;

ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/primary/slog3.rdo') SIZE 50M;

ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/primary/slog4.rdo') SIZE 50M;

select * from V$STANDBY_LOG

1.4 Set PrimaryDatabase Initialization Parameters

DB_NAME=primary

DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary

LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(primary,standby)'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/archivelog/primary/VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=standby ASYNCVALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc

FAL_SERVER=standby

STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

#DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='standby','primary' 因为主库和备库的目录结构一致所以不用此参数

#LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/arch1/standby','/arch1/primary' 因为主库和备库的目录结构一致所以不用此参数

1.5 Enable Archiving

shutdown immediate;

startup mount;

alter database archivelog;

alter database open;

1.6create listener and tnsnames file

[oracle@primary dbs]$cd /u01/oracle/product/11g/network/admin/

[oracle@primaryadmin]$ vi listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER=

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = primary)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/11g)

(SID_NAME = primary)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =primary)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY =EXTPROC1521))

)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER =/u01/oracle

[oracle@primaryadmin]$ vitnsnames.ora

PRIMARY =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.100.30)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = primary)

)

STANDBY =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.100.20)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = standby)

)

2.备库准备

2.1 Create a Control File for the StandbyDatabase 在主库上操作为备库创建一个standbycontrolfile

startup mount;

alter database create standby controlfile as'/tmp/control01.ctl';

alter database open;

2.2Create aParameter File for the Standby Database在主库上操作为备库创建一个pfile;

createpfile='/tmp/initstandby.ora' from spfile;

然后修改pfile

DB_NAME=primary

DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby

LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(primary,standby)'

#DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='primary','standby'因为主库和备库的目录结构一致所以不用此参数

#LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/arch1/primary','/arch1/standby'因为主库和备库的目录结构一致所以不用此参数

LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=log%t_%s_%r.arc

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/archivelog/standby/VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=primary ASYNCVALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

FAL_SERVER=primary

2.3在备库上创建相应的目录并复制相应的文件到备库

[oracle@standbyoracle]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/primary/adump

[oracle@standbyoracle]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/primary/dpdump

[oracle@standbyoracle]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/primary/pfile

[oracle@standbyoracle]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/primary

[oracle@standbyoracle]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/fast_recovery_area/primary

[oracle@standbyoracle]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/primary/primary

[oracle@primaryprimary]$ pwd

/u01/oracle/oradata/primary

[oracle@primary primary]$ scp *standby:/u01/oracle/oradata/primary/ 复制数据文件和日志文件

[oracle@primary tmp]$pwd

/tmp

[oracle@primary tmp]$ scp control01.ctlstandby:/u01/oracle/oradata/primary复制standby控制文件到备库

[oracle@primary tmp]$scp control01.ctl standby:/u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/primary/control02.ctl

将修改后的参数文件也复制到备库的 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下

[oracle@primary tmp]$scp initstandby.ora standby:/u01/oracle/product/11g/dbs/

2.4 create listener and tnsnames file备库上也需要创建监听文件和tns文件

[oracle@standby dbs]$ cd/u01/oracle/product/11g/network/admin/

[oracle@standby admin]$ vi listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER=

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = standby)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/11g)

(SID_NAME = standby)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = standby)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY =EXTPROC1521))

)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER =/u01/oracle

[oracle@primaryadmin]$ vitnsnames.ora

PRIMARY =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.100.30)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = primary)

)

STANDBY =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.100.20)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = standby)

)

2.5ConfigureRedo transport Authentication备库也需要创建密码文件密码和主库的密码一致

orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SIDpassword=redhat entries=10 force=yes