ROS-topic

ROS中的主题作为节点间传输数据的总线,允许发布者与订阅者无需直接连接即可通信。每个主题都有特定的消息类型,仅接受类型匹配的消息。ROS支持TCPROS(默认,基于TCP)和UDPROS(基于UDP,适用于低延迟需求)两种传输方式。rostopic工具提供了丰富的命令行操作,如查看带宽、输出消息、查找主题、检查发布率等。

主题:是节点间用来传输数据的总线,通过主题进行消息路由不需要节点之间直接连接。

也就意味着发布者和订阅者之间不需要知道彼此是否存在。同一个主题也可以有很多订阅者。

每个主题都是强类型的,发布到主题上的消息必须与主题的ROS消息类型相匹配,并且节点只能接收类型匹配的消息。

ROS的主题传输方式:TCP/IP和UDP传输。

基于TCP传输称为TCPROS,使用TCP/IP长连接。这是ROS默认的传输方式。

基于UDP传输称为UDPROS,它是低延迟高效率的传输方式,但可能产生数据丢失,所以适合远程操控任务。

        ROS有rostopic工具用于主题操作,它是一个命令行工具,允许我们获取主题的相关信息或直接发布数据。

        1)rostopic bw /topic 显示主题所使用的带宽。

        2)rostopic echo  /topic  将消息输出到屏幕。

        3)rostopic find message_type  按照类型查找主题

   &n

Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-shape-msgs' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ros2bag' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rmw-implementation' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ros2cli' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-foonathan-memory-vendor' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-composition-interfaces' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosidl-typesupport-fastrtps-cpp' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rcpputils' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-urdfdom-headers' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-unique-identifier-msgs' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-launch-xml' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosidl-default-generators' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-urdfdom' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ros2doctor' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-cpplint' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rcl-interfaces' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-geometry-msgs' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-cmake-ros' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-lint-cmake' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosidl-runtime-py' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-domain-coordinator' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rcl-logging-spdlog' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosidl-typesupport-c' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-io-context' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-tf2-tools' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rmw-implementation-cmake' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosidl-typesupport-cpp' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-flake8' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-sros2-cmake' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosbag2' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rcutils' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-cmake' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosapi-msgs' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rclcpp-lifecycle' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-nav-msgs' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosapi' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-cmake-copyright' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ros2service' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-urdf' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-fastcdr' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ros-workspace' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-yaml-cpp-vendor' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-lint-common' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-cmake-cppcheck' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ros2node' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-stereo-msgs' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosbag2-converter-default-plugins' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosidl-parser' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosbag2-compression' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ros-environment' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rpyutils' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-gmock-vendor' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-gtest-vendor' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosidl-typesupport-connext-c' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-zstd-vendor' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosbag2-storage-default-plugins' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-shared-queues-vendor' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-cppcheck' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-tf2-py' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-pep257' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ros2component' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ros2launch' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-eigen3-cmake-module' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ros2pkg' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-index-python' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-urg-node' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-cmake-export-targets' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosidl-adapter' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-tracetools' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosidl-runtime-c' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-cmake-gtest' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-cmake-xmllint' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ros2run' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-statistics-msgs' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-trajectory-msgs' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-cartographer-ros-msgs' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-tf2-geometry-msgs' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-package' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-cartographer' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-tf2-bullet' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rcl-action' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosidl-typesupport-connext-cpp' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-serial-driver' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-kdl-parser' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-launch-testing' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosidl-generator-c' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-cmake-export-link-flags' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-fastrtps' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosidl-typesupport-introspection-c' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosbag2-transport' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-launch-testing-ament-cmake' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-libyaml-vendor' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosidl-default-runtime' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ros2action' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-orocos-kdl' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-cartographer-ros' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-class-loader' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-diagnostic-updater' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-tf2-eigen' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosbag2-storage' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rclcpp' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-launch' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ros2lifecycle' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-launch-testing-ros' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-sdl2-vendor' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-cmake-pytest' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-urg-c' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosidl-cmake' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ros2topic' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-diagnostic-msgs' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-cmake-cpplint' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-tf2-kdl' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-fastrtps-cmake-module' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-cmake-lint-cmake' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-urg-node-msgs' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosidl-typesupport-fastrtps-c' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rclpy' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-cmake-auto' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosbridge-library' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rosidl-typesupport-introspection-cpp' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rmw-fastrtps-shared-cpp' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-example-interfaces' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-cmake-python' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-uncrustify' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-cmake-version' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-libstatistics-collector' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-sensor-msgs' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-cmake-gmock' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rclcpp-components' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ament-lint-auto' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-test-msgs' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-std-msgs' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-ros2param' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Note, selecting 'ros-foxy-rmw-fastrtps-cpp' for glob 'ros-foxy-*' Package 'ros-foxy-rmw-connext-cpp' is not installed, so not removed Package 'ros-foxy-rosidl-typesupport-connext-c' is not installed, so not removed Package 'ros-foxy-rosidl-typesupport-connext-cpp' is not installed, so not removed E: Unable to locate package ros2-* E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'ros2-*'
最新发布
08-07
在 Ubuntu 20.04 上从 ROS2 Foxy 切换到 ROS1 Noetic 的过程中,用户可能会遇到无法找到匹配的 `ros2-*` 包的问题,提示“无法定位包”或“未安装相关包”。此类问题通常是因为 ROS2 的软件源未正确配置或已被移除,导致系统无法识别相关包名。 为了解决这一问题,首先需要确认是否仍然保留 ROS2 的源配置。如果已经执行过类似以下命令来添加 ROS2 源: ```bash echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/ros-archive-keyring.gpg] http://packages.ros.org/ros2/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros2.list > /dev/null ``` 则仍可使用 `apt` 安装 ROS2 相关包。若已删除该源列表文件,则需重新添加 ROS2 Foxy 的源以恢复对 `ros2-*` 包的支持[^1]。 如果目标是完全切换到 ROS1 环境,则应优先卸载 ROS2 并添加 ROS1 的源。卸载 ROS2 的方式如下: ```bash sudo apt remove ros-foxy-* ros2-* -y sudo apt autoremove -y sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros2.list sudo apt update ``` 随后添加 ROS1 Noetic 的源: ```bash sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list' curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/ros.asc | sudo apt-key add - sudo apt update ``` 然后安装 ROS1 Noetic: ```bash sudo apt install -y ros-noetic-desktop-full ``` 为确保环境变量正确加载,需执行以下命令: ```bash echo "source /opt/ros/noetic/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc source ~/.bashrc ``` 此外,为支持 ROS1 的开发和构建,建议安装以下工具链: ```bash sudo apt install -y python3-rosinstall python3-rosinstall-generator python3-wstool build-essential ``` 通过上述步骤,可以有效解决从 ROS2 Foxy 切换到 ROS1 Noetic 时遇到的包缺失问题,并确保系统环境干净整洁,避免版本冲突。 ---
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