Linux基本命令（四）

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Linux基本命令（四）

Linux基本命令

Linux基本命令

1.vi 命令

1.1 vi 编辑命令过程图

在这里插入图片描述

[root@hadoop001 jepson]# vi hadoop.log002 
[root@hadoop001 jepson]# cat hadoop.log002 
www.baidu.com
[root@hadoop001 jepson]#

1.2 粘贴时必须进入插入模式（i）才能出现不丢失。

1.3 查找error

cat xxx.log | grep -C 10 ERROR > error.log

[root@hadoop001 jepson]# cat error.log | grep -C 10 error > error001.log
[root@hadoop001 jepson]# cat error001.log 
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
error
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
[root@hadoop001 jepson]#

也可以通过cat、more和sz命令进行查找error。
进入尾行模式:/关键词回车自动匹配，按N键找寻下一个。

1.4 设置行号

进入尾行模式:
set nu ：设置行号
set nonu ：取消行号

1.5 清空文件内容

cat /dev/null > xxx.log 最佳的清空方法
echo ‘’ > xxx.log 此方式会存在1个字节
命令行模式常见的快捷键:
dd 删除当前行
dG 删除光标当前及以下的所有行
ndd 删除光标当前及以下的n行
gg 跳转到第一行的第一个字母
G 跳转到最后一行的第一个字母
shift+$ 最后一行行尾
gg + dG 清空：先gg在dG全部清空

场景: 从另外一个文本拷贝内容去覆盖这个文件
大数据的组件都是xml文件
1.官方的默认的配置文件 xxxxxxx 30行
2.window记事本 editplus编辑好对应的参数 300
坑： cp备份（进入插入模式粘贴）
mysql的 my.cnf

2.系统命令

[root@hadoop001 ~]# df -h //查看系统磁盘
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   48G  1.8G   47G   4% /   //生产中系统盘200G左右
devtmpfs                 3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    3.9G   12M  3.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  146M  869M  15% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home   24G  716M   23G   3% /home
tmpfs                    781M     0  781M   0% /run/user/0
[root@hadoop001 ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7802         180        7422          11         200        7361
Swap:          8063           0        8063
[root@hadoop001 ~]# top      //查看系统负载
top - 18:06:44 up  1:03,  1 user,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
Tasks: 106 total,   1 running, 105 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni,100.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem :  7990252 total,  7598804 free,   185260 used,   206188 buff/cache
KiB Swap:  8257532 total,  8257532 free,        0 used.  7537052 avail Mem 

   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND          
 12130 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.3  0.0   0:01.06 kworker/0:3      
 13185 root      20   0  161880   2196   1556 R  0.3  0.0   0:00.16 top              
     1 root      20   0  127960   6536   4136 S  0.0  0.1   0:01.82 systemd          
     2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kthreadd         
     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.11 ksoftirqd/0      
     5 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H     
     6 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.13 kworker/u256:0   
     7 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/0      
     8 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcu_bh           
     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.54 rcu_sched        
    10 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 lru-add-drain    
    11 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.02 watchdog/0       
    13 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kdevtmpfs        
    14 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 netns            
    15 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 khungtaskd       
    16 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 writeback        
    17 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kintegrityd      
    18 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 bioset           
//经验值 不要超过10  否则认为此物理服务器 IDC机房
//cpu、men 超过100% 有问题 代码级别 硬件级别(内存条坏了)

3.查看进程查看端口号

3.1 ps -ef 查看当前进程

[root@hadoop001 ~]# ps -ef|grep ssh
root       9750      1  0 13:19 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
root      10264   9750  0 13:23 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/0
root      10337  10268  0 14:34 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto ssh
[root@hadoop001 ~]# ps -ef|grep ssh | grep -v grep // -v 过滤grep
root       9750      1  0 13:19 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
root      10264   9750  0 13:23 ?        00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/0
//进程用户 进程的pid 父id                     进程用户的内容（进程所属的目录 log -Xmx -Xms）
[root@hadoop001 ~]#

3.2 查看进程端口号

[root@hadoop001 ~]# netstat -nlp | grep 9750
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      9750/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      9750/sshd           
    
    [root@hadoop001 ~]# netstat -nlp | grep ssh
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      9750/sshd           
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      9750/sshd           
[root@hadoop001 ~]# 
//通过pid找prot
//1、启动一个进程 ps 必须
//2:、可能启动一个port  netstat 不是必须

3.3 安装服务，打开web

[root@hadoop001 ~]# service httpd start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start httpd.service
[root@hadoop001 ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@hadoop001 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2017-11-26 15:04:43 CST; 54s ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
 Main PID: 10438 (httpd)
   Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:   0 B/sec"
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─10438 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─10439 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─10440 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─10441 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─10442 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─10443 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Nov 26 15:04:43 hadoop001 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Nov 26 15:04:43 hadoop001 httpd[10438]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's full...sage
Nov 26 15:04:43 hadoop001 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@hadoop001 ~]# ps -ef|grep http
root      10438      1  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    10439  10438  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    10440  10438  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    10441  10438  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    10442  10438  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    10443  10438  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
root      10453  10268  0 15:08 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto http
[root@hadoop001 ~]# netstat -nlp | grep 10438
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      10438/httpd

3.4 场景：在centos部署大数据组件，发现一个错误 Connection refused ，防火墙 web iptables
ping ip 测试ip
telnet ip port 测试ip和端口号
部署telnet命令
window系统 cmd黑窗口不带 telnet命令，需要去安装一下重启电脑
Linux 系统

[root@hadoop001 ~]# yum install -y telnet
[root@hadoop001 ~]# telnet 192.168.110.141 80
Trying 192.168.110.141...
Connected to 192.168.110.141.
Escape character is '^]'.

4.高危命令

rm -rf / 删除根目录
vi 生产配置文件时，先进行复制一份
ps进程xxx，
kill -9 进程pid
kill -9 进程pid 进程pid 进程pid
kill -9 $(pgrep -f 匹配关键词)
杀进程之前，先ps 找到相关的进程，搞清楚，哪些是你要杀的，不然造成生产事故

[root@hadoop001 ~]# ps -ef |grep http
root      10438      1  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    10439  10438  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    10440  10438  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    10441  10438  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    10442  10438  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    10443  10438  0 15:04 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
apache    10466  10438  0 15:23 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
root      10473  10268  0 15:49 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto http
[root@hadoop001 ~]# kill -9 $(pgrep -f http)
[root@hadoop001 ~]# ps -ef |grep http
root      10480  10268  0 15:50 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto http
[root@hadoop001 ~]#

5.安装yum软件

yum search xxx 查找
yum install -y xxx-yyy 安装
yum remove xxx-yyy 移除

[root@hadoop001 ~]# rpm -e httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64
error: Failed dependencies:
	httpd-tools = 2.4.6-90.el7.centos is needed by (installed) httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64
[root@hadoop001 ~]# rpm -e httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64
[root@hadoop001 ~]# rpm -e httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64
[root@hadoop001 ~]# rpm -qa | grep http
[root@hadoop001 ~]# rpm -e --nodeps httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 //不效验删除
[root@hadoop001 ~]#

6.wget下载安装包

[root@hadoop001~]# wget http://archive.cloudera.com/cdh5/

7.压缩与解压

zip压缩与解压
zip -r xxx.zip ./* 在文件夹里面
zip -r ruozedata.zip ruozedata/* 在外面

[root@hadoop001 jepson]# zip -r 100.zip ./error001.log hadoop.log002 
  adding: error001.log (deflated 32%)
  adding: hadoop.log002 (stored 0%)
[root@hadoop001 jepson]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 395 Nov 26 16:19 100.zip
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root   6 Nov 18 13:06 3
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  27 Nov 18 13:24 a
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root  15 Nov 18 13:01 b
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  78 Nov 24 17:36 error001.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 147 Nov 18 14:06 error.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  14 Nov 24 17:25 hadoop.log002
[root@hadoop001 jepson]# rm -f error001.log hadoop.log002 
[root@hadoop001 jepson]# unzip 100.zip
Archive:  100.zip
  inflating: error001.log            
 extracting: hadoop.log002           
[root@hadoop001 jepson]# ll
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 395 Nov 26 16:19 100.zip
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root   6 Nov 18 13:06 3
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  27 Nov 18 13:24 a
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root  15 Nov 18 13:01 b
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  78 Nov 24 17:36 error001.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 147 Nov 18 14:06 error.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  14 Nov 24 17:25 hadoop.log002
[root@hadoop001 jepson]#

tar的解压与压缩
大数据组件的压缩包几乎都是后缀 tar.gz
tar -xzvf hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.16.2.tar.gz
tar -czvf hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.16.2.tar.gz hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.16.2/*
Examples:
tar -cf archive.tar foo bar # Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.
tar -tvf archive.tar # List all files in archive.tar verbosely.
tar -xf archive.tar # Extract all files from archive.tar.