第 5 章 ZooKeeper 分布式锁案例
什么叫做分布式锁呢?
比如说"进程 1"在使用该资源的时候，会先去获得锁，"进程 1"获得锁以后会对该资源保持独占，这样其他进程就无法访问该资源，"进程 1"用完该资源以后就将锁释放掉，让其 他进程来获得锁，那么通过这个锁机制，我们就能保证了分布式系统中多个进程能够有序的 访问该临界资源。那么我们把这个分布式环境下的这个锁叫作分布式锁。
5.1 原生 Zookeeper 实现分布式锁案例
1)分布式锁实现
java
package com.atguigu.case2;
import org.apache.zookeeper.*;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
public class DistributedLock {
private final String connectString = "hadoop102:2181,hadoop103:2181,hadoop104:2181";
private final int sessionTimeout = 2000;
private final ZooKeeper zk;
private CountDownLatch connectLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
private CountDownLatch waitLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
private String waitPath;
private String currentMode;
public DistributedLock() throws IOException, InterruptedException, KeeperException {
// 获取连接
zk = new ZooKeeper(connectString, sessionTimeout, new Watcher() {
@Override
public void process(WatchedEvent watchedEvent) {
// connectLatch 如果连接上zk 可以释放
if (watchedEvent.getState() == Event.KeeperState.SyncConnected){
connectLatch.countDown();
}
// waitLatch 需要释放
if (watchedEvent.getType()== Event.EventType.NodeDeleted && watchedEvent.getPath().equals(waitPath)){
waitLatch.countDown();
}
}
});
// 等待zk正常连接后，往下走程序
connectLatch.await();
// 判断根节点/locks是否存在
Stat stat = zk.exists("/locks", false);
if (stat == null) {
// 创建一下根节点
zk.create("/locks", "locks".getBytes(), ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
}
}
// 对zk加锁
public void zklock() {
// 创建对应的临时带序号节点
try {
currentMode = zk.create("/locks/" + "seq-", null, ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);
// wait一小会, 让结果更清晰一些
Thread.sleep(10);
// 判断创建的节点是否是最小的序号节点，如果是获取到锁；如果不是，监听他序号前一个节点
List<String> children = zk.getChildren("/locks", false);
// 如果children 只有一个值，那就直接获取锁； 如果有多个节点，需要判断，谁最小
if (children.size() == 1) {
return;
} else {
Collections.sort(children);
// 获取节点名称 seq-00000000
String thisNode = currentMode.substring("/locks/".length());
// 通过seq-00000000获取该节点在children集合的位置
int index = children.indexOf(thisNode);
// 判断
if (index == -1) {
System.out.println("数据异常");
} else if (index == 0) {
// 就一个节点，可以获取锁了
return;
} else {
// 需要监听 他前一个节点变化
waitPath = "/locks/" + children.get(index - 1);
zk.getData(waitPath,true,new Stat());
// 等待监听
waitLatch.await();
return;
}
}
} catch (KeeperException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 解锁
public void unZkLock() {
// 删除节点
try {
zk.delete(this.currentMode,-1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeeperException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}2)分布式锁测试
java
package com.atguigu.case2;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import java.io.IOException;
public class DistributedLockTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, IOException, KeeperException {
final DistributedLock lock1 = new DistributedLock();
final DistributedLock lock2 = new DistributedLock();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
lock1.zklock();
System.out.println("线程1 启动，获取到锁");
Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
lock1.unZkLock();
System.out.println("线程1 释放锁");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
lock2.zklock();
System.out.println("线程2 启动，获取到锁");
Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
lock2.unZkLock();
System.out.println("线程2 释放锁");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
}(1)创建两个线程
(2)观察控制台变化:
线程1获取锁
线程1释放锁
线程2获取锁
线程2释放锁5.2 Curator 框架实现分布式锁案例
1)原生的 Java API 开发存在的问题
(1)会话连接是异步的，需要自己去处理。比如使用 CountDownLatch
(2)Watch 需要重复注册，不然就不能生效
(3)开发的复杂性还是比较高的
(4)不支持多节点删除和创建。需要自己去递归
2)Curator 是一个专门解决分布式锁的框架，解决了原生 Java API 开发分布式遇到的问题。
详情请查看官方文档:Apache Curator
3)Curator 案例实操
(1)添加依赖
xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
<artifactId>curator-framework</artifactId>
<version>4.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
<artifactId>curator-recipes</artifactId>
<version>4.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
<artifactId>curator-client</artifactId>
<version>4.3.0</version>
</dependency>(2)代码实现
java
package com.atguigu.case3;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.locks.InterProcessMutex;
import org.apache.curator.retry.ExponentialBackoffRetry;
public class CuratorLockTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建分布式锁1
InterProcessMutex lock1 = new InterProcessMutex(getCuratorFramework(), "/locks");
// 创建分布式锁2
InterProcessMutex lock2 = new InterProcessMutex(getCuratorFramework(), "/locks");
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
lock1.acquire();
System.out.println("线程1 获取到锁");
lock1.acquire();
System.out.println("线程1 再次获取到锁");
Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
lock1.release();
System.out.println("线程1 释放锁");
lock1.release();
System.out.println("线程1 再次释放锁");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
lock2.acquire();
System.out.println("线程2 获取到锁");
lock2.acquire();
System.out.println("线程2 再次获取到锁");
Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
lock2.release();
System.out.println("线程2 释放锁");
lock2.release();
System.out.println("线程2 再次释放锁");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
private static CuratorFramework getCuratorFramework() {
ExponentialBackoffRetry policy = new ExponentialBackoffRetry(3000, 3);
CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder().connectString("hadoop102:2181,hadoop103:2181,hadoop104:2181")
.connectionTimeoutMs(2000)
.sessionTimeoutMs(2000)
.retryPolicy(policy).build();
// 启动客户端
client.start();
System.out.println("zookeeper 启动成功");
return client;
}
}(2)观察控制台变化:
线程1获取锁
线程 1 再次获取锁
线程1释放锁
线程 1 再次释放锁
线程2获取锁
线程 2 再次获取锁
线程2释放锁
线程 2 再次释放锁
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