A character in UTF8 can be from 1 to 4 bytes long, subjected to the following rules:
For 1-byte character, the first bit is a 0, followed by its unicode code.
For n-bytes character, the first n-bits are all one’s, the n+1 bit is 0, followed by n-1 bytes with most significant 2 bits being 10.
This is how the UTF-8 encoding would work:
Char. number range | UTF-8 octet sequence
(hexadecimal) | (binary)
--------------------±--------------------------------------------
0000 0000-0000 007F | 0xxxxxxx
0000 0080-0000 07FF | 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
0000 0800-0000 FFFF | 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
0001 0000-0010 FFFF | 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
Given an array of integers representing the data, return whether it is a valid utf-8 encoding.
Note:
The input is an array of integers. Only the least significant 8 bits of each integer is used to store the data. This means each integer represents only 1 byte of data.
Example 1:
data = [197, 130, 1], which represents the octet sequence: 11000101 10000010 00000001.
Return true.
It is a valid utf-8 encoding for a 2-bytes character followed by a 1-byte character.
Example 2:
data = [235, 140, 4], which represented the octet sequence: 11101011 10001100 00000100.
Return false.
The first 3 bits are all one’s and the 4th bit is 0 means it is a 3-bytes character.
The next byte is a continuation byte which starts with 10 and that’s correct.
But the second continuation byte does not start with 10, so it is invalid.
方法1:
思路:
对于UTF-8编码中的任意字节B,如果B的第一位为0,则B独立的表示一个字符(ASCII码);
如果B的第一位为1,第二位为0,则B为一个多字节字符中的一个字节(非ASCII字符);
如果B的前两位为1,第三位为0,则B为两个字节表示的字符中的第一个字节;
如果B的前三位为1,第四位为0,则B为三个字节表示的字符中的第一个字节;
如果B的前四位为1,第五位为0,则B为四个字节表示的字符中的第一个字节;
因此,对UTF-8编码中的任意字节,根据第一位,可判断是否为ASCII字符;根据前二位,可判断该字节是否为一个字符编码的第一个字节;根据前四位(如果前两位均为1),可确定该字节为字符编码的第一个字节,并且可判断对应的字符由几个字节表示;根据前五位(如果前四位为1),可判断编码是否有错误或数据传输过程中是否有错误。
首先判断之前是否出现标示字节。用count来计数,首先shift 5位之后是否等于0b110,如果等于,后面要跟count = 1个字节码;shift 4位和0b1110比,count = 2;shift 3位和0b111110,count = 3。如果都不是的话,还要排除首位为1的情况,是非法的标示,也非ASCII。如果没有被返回,说明是以0为开头,是ascii,可以let it pass。如果已经被标示,后面的每一个数字必须以10开始。最后还要检查是否承诺过的count都已经出现过了。
易错点:
- 最后还要检查是否承诺过的count都已经出现过了。
class Solution {
public:
bool validUtf8(vector<int>& data) {
int count = 0;
for (auto num: data) {
// 如果之前尚未出现标示字节,必须标示,否则必须是ASCII码
if (count == 0) {
if ((num >> 5) == 0b110) count = 1;
else if ((num >> 4) == 0b1110) count = 2;
else if ((num >> 3) == 0b11110) count = 3;
else if (num >> 7) return false;
}
else {
if ((num >> 6) != 0b10) return false;
count--;
}
}
return count == 0;
}
};