本文介绍了解决Java环境中PKIX认证路径构建失败的问题方法。通过一个示例程序，可以获取并信任目标URL的安全证书，从而避免出现SSL握手异常。
解决PKIX问题：unable to find valid certification path to requested target
话说前几天在测试服务器上遇到了这么个异常
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed:
sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
接着就拜Google大神，发现一篇文章能被N个人转来转去的，关键文章还不怎么靠谱
后来找到了一个办法，幸运的是在测试环境一弄，这个问题看上去就被解决了
我们要做的就是将所要访问的URL的安全认证证书导入到客户端
下面是获取安全证书的一种方法
/*
* Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
* IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
* CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
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import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
public class InstallCert {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String host;
int port;
char[] passphrase;
if ((args.length == 1) || (args.length == 2)) {
String[] c = args[0].split(":");
host = c[0];
port = (c.length == 1) ? 443 : Integer.parseInt(c[1]);
String p = (args.length == 1) ? "changeit" : args[1];
passphrase = p.toCharArray();
} else {
System.out.println("Usage: java InstallCert <host>[:port] [passphrase]");
return;
}
File file = new File("jssecacerts");
if (file.isFile() == false) {
char SEP = File.separatorChar;
File dir = new File(System.getProperty("java.home") + SEP + "lib" + SEP + "security");
file = new File(dir, "jssecacerts");
if (file.isFile() == false) {
file = new File(dir, "cacerts");
}
}
System.out.println("Loading KeyStore " + file + "...");
InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
ks.load(in, passphrase);
in.close();
SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
tmf.init(ks);
X509TrustManager defaultTrustManager = (X509TrustManager) tmf.getTrustManagers()[0];
SavingTrustManager tm = new SavingTrustManager(defaultTrustManager);
context.init(null, new TrustManager[]{tm}, null);
SSLSocketFactory factory = context.getSocketFactory();
System.out.println("Opening connection to " + host + ":" + port + "...");
SSLSocket socket = (SSLSocket) factory.createSocket(host, port);
socket.setSoTimeout(10000);
try {
System.out.println("Starting SSL handshake...");
socket.startHandshake();
socket.close();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("No errors, certificate is already trusted");
} catch (SSLException e) {
System.out.println();
e.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
X509Certificate[] chain = tm.chain;
if (chain == null) {
System.out.println("Could not obtain server certificate chain");
return;
}
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Server sent " + chain.length + " certificate(s):");
System.out.println();
MessageDigest sha1 = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
for (int i = 0; i < chain.length; i++) {
X509Certificate cert = chain[i];
System.out.println(" " + (i + 1) + " Subject " + cert.getSubjectDN());
System.out.println(" Issuer " + cert.getIssuerDN());
sha1.update(cert.getEncoded());
System.out.println(" sha1 " + toHexString(sha1.digest()));
md5.update(cert.getEncoded());
System.out.println(" md5 " + toHexString(md5.digest()));
System.out.println();
}
System.out.println("Enter certificate to add to trusted keystore or 'q' to quit: [1]");
String line = reader.readLine().trim();
int k;
try {
k = (line.length() == 0) ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(line) - 1;
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.println("KeyStore not changed");
return;
}
X509Certificate cert = chain[k];
String alias = host + "-" + (k + 1);
ks.setCertificateEntry(alias, cert);
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("jssecacerts");
ks.store(out, passphrase);
out.close();
System.out.println();
System.out.println(cert);
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Added certificate to keystore 'jssecacerts' using alias '" + alias + "'");
}
private static final char[] HEXDIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray();
private static String toHexString(byte[] bytes) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 3);
for (int b : bytes) {
b &= 0xff;
sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b >> 4]);
sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b & 15]);
sb.append(' ');
}
return sb.toString();
}
private static class SavingTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
private final X509TrustManager tm;
private X509Certificate[] chain;
SavingTrustManager(X509TrustManager tm) {
this.tm = tm;
}
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
this.chain = chain;
tm.checkServerTrusted(chain, authType);
}
}
}
执行方式：java InstallCert hostname eg:java InstallCert www.cebbank.com
接下来会看到下面的打印信息
java InstallCert www.cebbank.com
Loading KeyStore /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/lib/security/cacerts...
Opening connection to www.cebbank.com:443...
Starting SSL handshake...
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed:
sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:174)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(SSLSocketImpl.java:1731)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:241)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:235)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:1206)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.ClientHandshaker.processMessage(ClientHandshaker.java:136)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.processLoop(Handshaker.java:593)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.process_record(Handshaker.java:529)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:925)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1170)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1197)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1181)
at InstallCert.main(InstallCert.java:102)
Caused by: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed:
sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:323)
at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.engineValidate(PKIXValidator.java:217)
at sun.security.validator.Validator.validate(Validator.java:218)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.validate(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:126)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:209)
at InstallCert$SavingTrustManager.checkServerTrusted(InstallCert.java:198)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:1198)
... 8 more
Caused by: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
at sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilder.engineBuild(SunCertPathBuilder.java:174)
at java.security.cert.CertPathBuilder.build(CertPathBuilder.java:238)
at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:318)
... 14 more
Server sent 1 certificate(s):
1 Subject CN=www.cebbank.com, OU=Terms of use at www.verisign.com/rpa (c)05, OU=CEB, O="China Everbright Bank Co., Ltd", L=Beijing
Issuer CN=VeriSign Class 3 Extended Validation SSL CA, OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)06, OU=VeriSign Trust Network
sha1 5b d2 85 6e b3 a4 2b 07 a2 13 47 b3 be 3e 1f c9 d3 ce 46 57
md5 05 d8 ae ee f1 d9 51 63 6d 2f 11 e0 ac d0 e7 d7
Enter certificate to add to trusted keystore or 'q' to quit: [1]
[
[
Version: V3
Subject: CN=www.cebbank.com, OU=Terms of use at www.verisign.com/rpa (c)05, OU=CEB, O="China Everbright Bank Co., Ltd", L=Beijing
Signature Algorithm: SHA1withRSA, OID = 1.2.840.113549.1.1.5
Key: Sun RSA public key, 2048 bits
modulus: 30831246384548809540705228292841393062583732250993909916355780413722161557074568469738254573472093341710481517139910877
public exponent: 65537
Validity: [From: Mon Jul 02 08:00:00 CST 2012,
To: Thu Jul 03 07:59:59 CST 2014]
Issuer: CN=VeriSign Class 3 Extended Validation SSL CA, OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)06, OU=VeriSign Trust Network
SerialNumber: [ 5715ab25 6be8fa42 2fa28dd4 601bc732]
Certificate Extensions: 9
[1]: ObjectId: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.1 Criticality=false
AuthorityInfoAccess [
[
accessMethod: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.1
accessLocation: URIName: http://ocsp.verisign.com,
accessMethod: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.2
accessLocation: URIName: http://EVSecure-aia.verisign.com/EVSecure2006.cer]
]
[2]: ObjectId: 2.5.29.17 Criticality=false
SubjectAlternativeName [
DNSName: www.cebbank.com
]
[3]: ObjectId: 2.5.29.35 Criticality=false
AuthorityKeyIdentifier [
KeyIdentifier [
0000: FC 8A 50 BA 9E B9 25 5A 7B 55 85 4F 95 00 63 8F ..P...%Z.U.O..c.
0010: E9 58 6B 43 .XkC
]
]
[4]: ObjectId: 2.5.29.32 Criticality=false
CertificatePolicies [
[CertificatePolicyId: [2.16.840.1.113733.1.7.23.6]
[PolicyQualifierInfo: [
qualifierID: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.1
qualifier: 0000: 16 1C 68 74 74 70 73 3A 2F 2F 77 77 77 2E 76 65 ..https://www.ve
0010: 72 69 73 69 67 6E 2E 63 6F 6D 2F 63 70 73 risign.com/cps
]] ]
]
[5]: ObjectId: 2.5.29.19 Criticality=false
BasicConstraints:[
CA:false
PathLen: undefined
]
[6]: ObjectId: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.12 Criticality=false
Extension unknown: DER encoded OCTET string =
0000: 04 62 30 60 A1 5E A0 5C 30 5A 30 58 30 56 16 09 .b0`.^.\0Z0X0V..
0010: 69 6D 61 67 65 2F 67 69 66 30 21 30 1F 30 07 06 image/gif0!0.0..
0020: 05 2B 0E 03 02 1A 04 14 4B 6B B9 28 96 06 0C BB .+......Kk.(....
0030: D0 52 38 9B 29 AC 4B 07 8B 21 05 18 30 26 16 24 .R8.).K..!..0&.$
0040: 68 74 74 70 3A 2F 2F 6C 6F 67 6F 2E 76 65 72 69 http://logo.veri
0050: 73 69 67 6E 2E 63 6F 6D 2F 76 73 6C 6F 67 6F 31 sign.com/vslogo1
0060: 2E 67 69 66 .gif
[7]: ObjectId: 2.5.29.37 Criticality=false
ExtendedKeyUsages [
serverAuth
clientAuth
]
[8]: ObjectId: 2.5.29.31 Criticality=false
CRLDistributionPoints [
[DistributionPoint:
[URIName: http://EVSecure-crl.verisign.com/EVSecure2006.crl]
]]
[9]: ObjectId: 2.5.29.15 Criticality=false
KeyUsage [
DigitalSignature
Key_Encipherment
]
]
Algorithm: [SHA1withRSA]
Signature:
0000: 42 0A 89 BF 48 08 1E F4 98 F2 E5 DB 0D 83 EF 37 B...H..........7
0010: EC 27 6F 4D 81 69 C6 4A 4C 17 EC 57 F5 48 2A 14 .'oM.i.JL..W.H*.
0020: 3C 54 B2 C5 49 39 42 BA EC 83 78 02 F9 96 6C 63 <T..I9B...x...lc
0030: 80 BC 60 61 BB 20 D1 AD C3 D3 76 47 6F 0C 7B AC ..`a. ....vGo...
0040: 76 B2 C7 2D B1 0A 7A 00 CA 40 38 86 FF 9F 12 F5 v..-..z..@8.....
0050: BE 5A E7 42 97 2F DF DE 0C 19 C5 F6 92 58 17 7A .Z.B./.......X.z
0060: 9A 1D 2C 2C DA 8B 83 83 2D BE 07 58 56 36 92 E7 ..,,....-..XV6..
0070: B1 F8 A0 B5 00 F4 C3 30 D1 34 37 3D 94 75 28 04 .......0.47=.u(.
0080: A2 D8 C3 FE B1 E1 C2 2E 51 A8 6F D5 09 6D 49 DB ........Q.o..mI.
0090: 2E 1D 4B F7 A8 06 30 B4 97 E7 C2 33 26 FD 6A DF ..K...0....3&.j.
00A0: D6 B0 10 A1 F2 73 DD 5A 60 DE 51 5E EA 80 46 86 .....s.Z`.Q^..F.
00B0: 25 0B 53 FC C2 57 80 35 09 2D 31 55 28 35 EE 0F %.S..W.5.-1U(5..
00C0: 62 50 4B 12 75 0B 02 9F 2F 0B D2 8A 0D 23 E3 C1 bPK.u.../....#..
00D0: 48 28 56 33 E1 DE 31 DD 72 78 15 96 EE 2B A5 1D H(V3..1.rx...+..
00E0: 37 85 1B E5 88 53 80 88 02 6D 90 F3 E6 4A 74 AC 7....S...m...Jt.
00F0: D2 CA 0E 04 BC 46 A0 57 34 FA CF 9D E5 D7 0E 4B .....F.W4......K
]
Added certificate to keystore 'jssecacerts' using alias 'www.cebbank.com-1'
再将名为jssecacerts的证书拷贝\\%JAVA_HONME%\\jre\\lib\\security\\目录中
最后重启下应用的服务，证书就会生效了。。
补充：有人说生成证书后不用拷贝，直接代码里加句话就行，结果试了一下发现不管用
System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore", "jssecacerts证书路径");
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