本文深入探讨Redis的五种核心数据类型：string、list、hash、set和sorted set，详细解析每种类型的特点及应用场景，同时提供丰富的代码示例展示如何通过C#进行数据的增删查改操作。
需要引用：ServiceStack.Redis和RedisSessionProvider
public class RedisHelper : IDisposable
{
#region one
/*
* servicestack.redis为github中的开源项目
* redis是一个典型的k/v型数据库
* redis共支持五种类型的数据 string,list,hash,set,sortedset
*
* string是最简单的字符串类型
*
* list是字符串列表，其内部是用双向链表实现的，因此在获取/设置数据时可以支持正负索引
* 也可以将其当做堆栈结构使用
*
* hash类型是一种字典结构，也是最接近RDBMS的数据类型，其存储了字段和字段值的映射，但字段值只能是
* 字符串类型，散列类型适合存储对象，建议使用对象类别和ID构成键名，使用字段表示对象属性，字
* 段值存储属性值，例如：car:2 price 500 ,car:2 color black,用redis命令设置散列时，命令格式
* 如下：HSET key field value，即key，字段名，字段值
*
* set是一种集合类型，redis中可以对集合进行交集，并集和互斥运算
*
* sorted set是在集合的基础上为每个元素关联了一个“分数”，我们能够
* 获得分数最高的前N个元素，获得指定分数范围内的元素，元素是不同的，但是"分数"可以是相同的
* set是用散列表和跳跃表实现的，获取数据的速度平均为o(log(N))
*
* 需要注意的是，redis所有数据类型都不支持嵌套
* redis中一般不区分插入和更新操作，只是命令的返回值不同
* 在插入key时，如果不存在，将会自动创建
*
* 在实际生产环境中，由于多线程并发的关系，建议使用连接池，本类只是用于测试简单的数据类型
*/
/*
* 以下方法为基本的设置数据和取数据
*/
private static RedisClient _redisCli = null;
/// <summary>
/// 建立redis长连接
/// </summary>
/// 将此处的IP换为自己的redis实例IP，如果设有密码，第三个参数为密码，string 类型
public static void CreateClient(string hostIp, int port, string keyword)
{
if (_redisCli == null)
{
_redisCli = new RedisClient(hostIp, port, keyword);
}
}
public static void CreateClient(string hostIp, int port)
{
if (_redisCli == null)
{
_redisCli = new RedisClient(hostIp, port);
}
}
//private static RedisClient redisCli = new RedisClient("192.168.101.165", 6379, "*********");
/// <summary>
/// 获取key,返回string格式
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string GetValueString(string key)
{
string value = _redisCli.GetValue(key);
return value;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取key,返回byte[]格式
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static byte[] GetValueByte(string key)
{
byte[] value = _redisCli.Get(key);
return value;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获得某个hash型key下的所有字段
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hashId"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static List<string> GetHashFields(string hashId)
{
List<string> hashFields = _redisCli.GetHashKeys(hashId);
return hashFields;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获得某个hash型key下的所有值
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hashId"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static List<string> GetHashValues(string hashId)
{
List<string> hashValues = _redisCli.GetHashKeys(hashId);
return hashValues;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获得hash型key某个字段的值
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="field"></param>
public static string GetHashField(string key, string field)
{
string value = _redisCli.GetValueFromHash(key, field);
return value;
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置hash型key某个字段的值
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="field"></param>
/// <param name="value"></param>
public static void SetHashField(string key, string field, string value)
{
_redisCli.SetEntryInHash(key, field, value);
}
/// <summary>
///使某个字段增加
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="field"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static void SetHashIncr(string key, string field, long incre)
{
_redisCli.IncrementValueInHash(key, field, incre);
}
/// <summary>
/// 向list类型数据添加成员，向列表底部(右侧)添加
/// </summary>
/// <param name="Item"></param>
/// <param name="list"></param>
public static void AddItemToListRight(string list, string item)
{
_redisCli.AddItemToList(list, item);
}
/// <summary>
/// 向list类型数据添加成员，向列表顶部(左侧)添加
/// </summary>
/// <param name="list"></param>
/// <param name="item"></param>
public static void AddItemToListLeft(string list, string item)
{
_redisCli.LPush(list, Encoding.Default.GetBytes(item));
}
/// <summary>
/// 从list类型数据读取所有成员
/// </summary>
public static List<string> GetAllItems(string list)
{
List<string> listMembers = _redisCli.GetAllItemsFromList(list);
return listMembers;
}
/// <summary>
/// 从list类型数据指定索引处获取数据，支持正索引和负索引
/// </summary>
/// <param name="list"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string GetItemFromList(string list, int index)
{
string item = _redisCli.GetItemFromList(list, index);
return item;
}
/// <summary>
/// 向列表底部（右侧）批量添加数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="list"></param>
/// <param name="values"></param>
public static void GetRangeToList(string list, List<string> values)
{
_redisCli.AddRangeToList(list, values);
}
/// <summary>
/// 向集合中添加数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="item"></param>
/// <param name="set"></param>
public static void GetItemToSet(string item, string set)
{
_redisCli.AddItemToSet(item, set);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获得集合中所有数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="set"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static HashSet<string> GetAllItemsFromSet(string set)
{
HashSet<string> items = _redisCli.GetAllItemsFromSet(set);
return items;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取fromSet集合和其他集合不同的数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fromSet"></param>
/// <param name="toSet"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static HashSet<string> GetSetDiff(string fromSet, params string[] toSet)
{
HashSet<string> diff = _redisCli.GetDifferencesFromSet(fromSet, toSet);
return diff;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获得所有集合的并集
/// </summary>
/// <param name="set"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static HashSet<string> GetSetUnion(params string[] set)
{
HashSet<string> union = _redisCli.GetUnionFromSets(set);
return union;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获得所有集合的交集
/// </summary>
/// <param name="set"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static HashSet<string> GetSetInter(params string[] set)
{
HashSet<string> inter = _redisCli.GetIntersectFromSets(set);
return inter;
}
/// <summary>
/// 向有序集合中添加元素
/// </summary>
/// <param name="set"></param>
/// <param name="value"></param>
/// <param name="score"></param>
public static void AddItemToSortedSet(string set, string value, long score)
{
_redisCli.AddItemToSortedSet(set, value, score);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获得某个值在有序集合中的排名，按分数的降序排列
/// </summary>
/// <param name="set"></param>
/// <param name="value"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static long GetItemIndexInSortedSetDesc(string set, string value)
{
long index = _redisCli.GetItemIndexInSortedSetDesc(set, value);
return index;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获得某个值在有序集合中的排名，按分数的升序排列
/// </summary>
/// <param name="set"></param>
/// <param name="value"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static long GetItemIndexInSortedSet(string set, string value)
{
long index = _redisCli.GetItemIndexInSortedSet(set, value);
return index;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获得有序集合中某个值得分数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="set"></param>
/// <param name="value"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static double GetItemScoreInSortedSet(string set, string value)
{
double score = _redisCli.GetItemScoreInSortedSet(set, value);
return score;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获得有序集合中，某个排名范围的所有值
/// </summary>
/// <param name="set"></param>
/// <param name="beginRank"></param>
/// <param name="endRank"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static List<string> GetRangeFromSortedSet(string set, int beginRank, int endRank)
{
List<string> valueList = _redisCli.GetRangeFromSortedSet(set, beginRank, endRank);
return valueList;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获得有序集合中，某个分数范围内的所有值，升序
/// </summary>
/// <param name="set"></param>
/// <param name="beginScore"></param>
/// <param name="endScore"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static List<string> GetRangeFromSortedSet(string set, double beginScore, double endScore)
{
List<string> valueList = _redisCli.GetRangeFromSortedSetByHighestScore(set, beginScore, endScore);
return valueList;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获得有序集合中，某个分数范围内的所有值，降序
/// </summary>
/// <param name="set"></param>
/// <param name="beginScore"></param>
/// <param name="endScore"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static List<string> GetRangeFromSortedSetDesc(string set, double beginScore, double endScore)
{
List<string> vlaueList = _redisCli.GetRangeFromSortedSetByLowestScore(set, beginScore, endScore);
return vlaueList;
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置缓存过期
/// </summary>
public static void SetExpire(string key, DateTime datetime)
{
_redisCli.ExpireEntryAt(key, datetime);
}
public void Dispose()
{
_redisCli.Dispose();
}
#endregion
#region two
public RedisClient Redis = new RedisClient("127.0.0.1", 6379, "********");
//缓存池
PooledRedisClientManager prcm = new PooledRedisClientManager();
//默认缓存过期时间单位秒
public int secondsTimeOut = 30 * 60;
/// <summary>
/// 缓冲池
/// </summary>
/// <param name="readWriteHosts"></param>
/// <param name="readOnlyHosts"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static PooledRedisClientManager CreateManager(
string[] readWriteHosts, string[] readOnlyHosts)
{
return new PooledRedisClientManager(readWriteHosts, readOnlyHosts,
new RedisClientManagerConfig
{
MaxWritePoolSize = readWriteHosts.Length * 5,
MaxReadPoolSize = readOnlyHosts.Length * 5,
AutoStart = true,
});// { RedisClientFactory = (IRedisClientFactory)RedisCacheClientFactory.Instance.CreateRedisClient("127.0.0.1", 6379) };
}
/// <summary>
/// 构造函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="openPooledRedis">是否开启缓冲池</param>
public RedisHelper(bool openPooledRedis = false)
{
if (openPooledRedis)
{
prcm = CreateManager(new string[] { "127.0.0.1:6379" }, new string[] { "127.0.0.1:6379" });
Redis = prcm.GetClient() as RedisClient;
}
}
#region Key/Value存储
/// <summary>
/// 设置缓存
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key">缓存建</param>
/// <param name="t">缓存值</param>
/// <param name="timeout">过期时间，单位秒,-1：不过期，0：默认过期时间</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool Set<T>(string key, T t, int timeout = 0)
{
if (timeout >= 0)
{
if (timeout > 0)
{
secondsTimeOut = timeout;
}
Redis.Expire(key, secondsTimeOut);
}
return Redis.Add<T>(key, t);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public T Get<T>(string key)
{
return Redis.Get<T>(key);
}
/// <summary>
/// 删除
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool Remove(string key)
{
return Redis.Remove(key);
}
public bool Add<T>(string key, T t, int timeout)
{
if (timeout >= 0)
{
if (timeout > 0)
{
secondsTimeOut = timeout;
}
Redis.Expire(key, secondsTimeOut);
}
return Redis.Add<T>(key, t);
}
#endregion
#region 链表操作
/// <summary>
/// 根据IEnumerable数据添加链表
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="listId"></param>
/// <param name="values"></param>
/// <param name="timeout"></param>
public void AddList<T>(string listId, IEnumerable<T> values, int timeout = 0)
{
Redis.Expire(listId, 60);
IRedisTypedClient<T> iredisClient = Redis.As<T>();
if (timeout >= 0)
{
if (timeout > 0)
{
secondsTimeOut = timeout;
}
Redis.Expire(listId, secondsTimeOut);
}
var redisList = iredisClient.Lists[listId];
redisList.AddRange(values);
iredisClient.Save();
}
/// <summary>
/// 添加单个实体到链表中
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="listId"></param>
/// <param name="Item"></param>
/// <param name="timeout"></param>
public void AddEntityToList<T>(string listId, T Item, int timeout = 0)
{
IRedisTypedClient<T> iredisClient = Redis.As<T>();
if (timeout >= 0)
{
if (timeout > 0)
{
secondsTimeOut = timeout;
}
Redis.Expire(listId, secondsTimeOut);
}
var redisList = iredisClient.Lists[listId];
redisList.Add(Item);
iredisClient.Save();
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取链表
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="listId"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public IEnumerable<T> GetList<T>(string listId)
{
IRedisTypedClient<T> iredisClient = Redis.As<T>();
return iredisClient.Lists[listId];
}
/// <summary>
/// 在链表中删除单个实体
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="listId"></param>
/// <param name="t"></param>
public void RemoveEntityFromList<T>(string listId, T t)
{
IRedisTypedClient<T> iredisClient = Redis.As<T>();
var redisList = iredisClient.Lists[listId];
redisList.RemoveValue(t);
iredisClient.Save();
}
/// <summary>
/// 根据lambada表达式删除符合条件的实体
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="listId"></param>
/// <param name="func"></param>
public void RemoveEntityFromList<T>(string listId, Func<T, bool> func)
{
IRedisTypedClient<T> iredisClient = Redis.As<T>();
var redisList = iredisClient.Lists[listId];
T value = redisList.Where(func).FirstOrDefault();
redisList.RemoveValue(value);
iredisClient.Save();
}
#endregion
//释放资源
#endregion
}
public class RedisRegistor
{
public static void RegistRedis()
{
StackExchange.Redis.ConfigurationOptions redisConfigOpts =
StackExchange.Redis.ConfigurationOptions.Parse("127.0.0.1:6379");
redisConfigOpts.Password = "********";
RedisSessionProvider.Config.RedisConnectionConfig.GetSERedisServerConfig =
(context) =>
new KeyValuePair<string, StackExchange.Redis.ConfigurationOptions>("DefaultConnection",
redisConfigOpts);
RedisSessionProvider.Config.RedisSessionConfig.SessionTimeout = TimeSpan.MaxValue;
}
}
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