Creating a Windows 2008 Server or Win7 without 100 MB System Reserved Partition

本文提供了一步一步的操作指南,详细解释了如何在Windows 7安装过程中加载设置、打开命令提示符窗口、使用DiskPart工具创建分区,并继续安装过程。包括从选择语言、键盘布局开始,直至完成分区创建并准备继续安装。
1.Once Windows 7 Setup is loaded, press Shirt + F10 keys at the first setup screen (which allows selection of language, keyboard and locale). A Command Prompt window will be opened.

2.Run Diskpart, the built-in disk partitioning tool of Windows 2008 R2 or Win7 with the 
following command:

diskpart

3.Type in the following command one by one, follow by Enter key to create a partition (text in brackets are comments only):

list disk  (to show the ID number of the hard disk to partition, normally is Disk 0)

select disk 0  (change 0 to another number if applicable)

clean
create partition primary size=102400
 
(create a partition with 100 GB space; to use entire disk as one partition, omit the “size=value” parameter switch ” create partition primary”, you can also continue to create primary partitions like "create partition primary size" size is the number you want to allocate. The other commands are: "create partition extended", "create partition logical size=number")

select partition 1

active

format fs=ntfs quick

exit

4.Type exit at command prompt to close Command Prompt window.

5.Continue installation  select the partition just created when come to partition screen.
<think>We are addressing a specific technical issue about Windows installation and partition visibility. The user's core question: Does the absence of the system reserved partition in the installation interface cause the "cannot create new system partition" or "cannot find existing system partition" error during installation? Context: The user has provided several references, but we note that the issue is about Windows installation (likely Server or standard Windows) and partition handling. Key points from our previous answer and the current scenario: - We know that diskpart can see the reserved partition (like EFI, MSR) but the Windows setup GUI doesn't show it. - The user is now asking if this missing display is the cause of the specific installation errors about partitioning. Analysis: The error messages "无法新建系统分区" (cannot create new system partition) and "无法找到现有系统分区" (cannot find existing system partition) are classic symptoms of: 1. The disk being in a partition state that the Windows installer cannot handle (e.g., wrong disk format, corrupted partition table, missing required partitions). 2. Specifically, the absence of the system reserved partition (which typically includes the EFI system partition for UEFI boot or the MSR partition) in the installer's view can indeed cause these errors because the installer expects to either find a valid existing system partition or be able to create one. How does the visibility issue cause the error? - The Windows installer requires a system partition (EFI for UEFI, or a small active primary partition for BIOS) to place boot files. If it cannot see a suitable partition (or free space to create one), it will throw these errors. Steps to diagnose and resolve: 1. Check the disk partitioning state using diskpart (as done before) and verify: - Is the disk initialized with the correct partition style (GPT for UEFI, MBR for BIOS)? [Reference 3 shows converting to GPT and creating partitions] - Are the required partitions (EFI, MSR for GPT) present and with correct attributes? 2. If the partitions are present but not visible in the installer, then we must fix the visibility (as per our previous answer: formatting EFI as FAT32, setting the correct GUID, etc.). 3. If the partitions are missing, then we need to create them. However, note that the error might also occur if the installer cannot use the existing partitions (because they are not configured correctly) and also cannot create new ones (due to disk space issues or disk write protection). Solution steps (as derived from our previous answer and reference [3]): a. During installation, when at the partition selection screen, press Shift+F10 to open a command prompt. b. Run `diskpart` and then: - `list disk` (to see available disks) - `select disk X` (where X is the target disk) - `clean` (WARNING: erases entire disk) [if the disk has no important data or if backed up] - `convert gpt` (for UEFI) or `convert mbr` (for legacy BIOS) [^3] - Create the required partitions (for UEFI: EFI and MSR; for BIOS: a primary partition marked active for system and then the rest for OS) [^3]: ```diskpart create partition efi size=100 format quick fs=fat32 create partition msr size=128 create partition primary size=<desired size for C: in MB> format quick fs=ntfs assign letter=C ``` - Exit diskpart and the command prompt, then refresh the installation screen. Important: The user must know the boot mode (UEFI or BIOS) of their system and partition accordingly. How does this relate to the user's question? - The lack of visibility of the system reserved partition in the installer is a symptom of incorrect configuration (like wrong file system or missing attributes). This same incorrect configuration prevents the installer from recognizing the partition as a valid system partition, hence the error when trying to install. Additional note from reference [3]: The steps provided in reference [3] are exactly for solving the "cannot create new partition" error by cleaning the disk and manually creating the partitions. Therefore, the answer to the user's question is: Yes, the installer's failure to display the system reserved partition (due to incorrect configuration) can lead to the errors "无法新建系统分区" and "无法找到现有系统分区". Steps to fix: Follow the steps in our previous answer (which are reinforced by reference [3]) to clean the disk (if acceptable) and create the partitions manually with the correct attributes. If the user does not want to lose data, then they should try to repair the existing partitions (without cleaning): - Format the existing EFI partition as FAT32. - Set the correct GUID for the EFI partition. - Set the partition as active (for MBR) or set the required GPT attributes. But note: if the partition table is corrupted, cleaning might be necessary. Let's structure the answer accordingly. </think>安装程序未显示系统保留分区**正是导致安装时报错“无法新建系统分区/找不到现有分区”的核心原因**,这与分区结构异常直接相关。以下是具体分析及解决方案: --- ### 错误原因深度解析 1. **保留分区未正确初始化** - 安装程序依赖特定分区(EFI/MSR)存储引导文件: - EFI分区需满足:`FAT32`格式 + **GUID标识符** `c12a7328-f81f-11d2-ba4b-00a0c93ec93b`[^3] - MSR分区需为**无文件系统**的保留空间 - 若分区格式或标识错误(如EFI被格式化为NTFS),安装程序无法识别,导致报错[^1][^3] 2. **分区表状态冲突** - 混合使用MBR/GPT分区表(如旧硬盘遗留MBR结构) - 存在隐藏分区或未分配空间干扰(常见于多系统环境)[^1] 3. **磁盘底层状态异常** - 分区未标记为**活动(Active)** 或缺少**系统(System)** 属性 - 磁盘包含无效分区表(如通过`diskpart clean`可清除的残留数据)[^3] --- ### 终极解决方案(命令行操作) 通过安装界面的 **`Shift+F10`** 打开命令提示符,执行: ```diskpart diskpart list disk # 确认目标磁盘编号 select disk 0 # 选择目标磁盘 clean # ★ 清除所有分区(备份数据!) convert gpt # 转换为GPT格式(UEFI必需) create partition efi size=100 # 创建EFI分区 format quick fs=fat32 # 强制格式化为FAT32 create partition msr size=128 # 创建MSR分区 create partition primary size=102400 # 创建系统分区(单位MB) format quick fs=ntfs # 格式化为NTFS assign letter=C # 分配盘符 exit ``` > **关键步骤说明**: > - `clean`会清空整个磁盘,确保无残留分区冲突[^3] > - EFI分区必须使用`fat32`格式,否则安装程序无法识别 > - 完成后关闭CMD,点击安装界面的**刷新**按钮即可显示分区 --- ### 特殊场景处理 ▶ **保留数据的修复方案(不执行clean)** ```diskpart select disk 0 select partition 1 # 选择保留分区(EFI) format fs=fat32 quick # 重格式化为FAT32 set id=c12a7328-f81f-11d2-ba4b-00a0c93ec93b # 修正GUID gpt attributes=0x8000000000000001 # 设置EFI属性标记 active # 标记为活动分区 ``` ▶ **Legacy BIOS模式安装(需MBR分区)** ```diskpart convert mbr # 替代 convert gpt create partition primary size=100 # 创建100MB系统保留分区 format fs=ntfs quick active # 必须标记活动 create partition primary # 主系统分区 ``` --- ### 根本预防措施 1. **安装前初始化磁盘** ```diskpart select disk 0 clean # 清除所有残留分区 convert gpt # 或 convert mbr ``` 2. **严格遵循分区创建顺序** GPT磁盘顺序:`EFI → MSR → Primary` MBR磁盘顺序:`System Reserved (Active) → Primary` 3. **使用64位安装介质**,避免32位系统对UEFI支持不全 > **重要提示**:操作前备份数据!若修复后仍报错,需检查硬件连接(如SATA接口松动)或存储控制器驱动[^3]。 --- ###
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