CentOS 安装以及更新

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-06 16:50:34 发布

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作者：yukiooy

转自：http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/yukiooy/article/details/4829444

CentOS是Linux的一个发行版。
特点：
＝＝＝
1、可以把CentOS理解为Red Hat AS系列！它完全就是对Red Hat AS进行改进后发布的！各种操作、使用和RED HAT没有区别！
2、CentOS完全免费，不存在RED HAT AS4需要序列号的问题。
3、CentOS独有的yum命令支持在线升级，可以即时更新系统，不像RED HAT那样需要花钱购买支持服务！
4、CentOS修正了许多RED HAT AS的BUG！

一、使用更新源的国内镜像

CentOS 安装完毕，首先应该修改更新源，并升级到最新的系统。
国内速度较快的常用更新源：
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/
http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/
http://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/mirrors/centos.org/centos/
首先备份CentOS-Base.repo，然后再编辑 yum 的配置文件
[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo cp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
baseurl=http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/$releasever/os/$basearch/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
baseurl=http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
baseurl=http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
baseurl=http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
baseurl=http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
baseurl=http://centos.candishosting.com.cn/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
http://mirrors.ta139.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
http://mirror.be10.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
http://ftp.hostrino.com/pub/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
其中：
repositoryid:用于指定一个仓库
name：用于指定易读的仓库名称
baseurl：用于指定本仓库的URL，可以是以下的3种类型，如http,ftp,file
mirrorlist：用于指定仓库的镜像站点
enable：用于指定是否使用本仓库，默认值为1，即可用。
gpgcheck：用于指定是否检查软件包的GPG签名。
gpgkey：用于指定GPG签名文件的URL。
执行命令：
[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY*
二、使用非官方更新源
下面以安装rpmforge和DAG软件包为例添加非官方更新源
I、添加rmpforge软件库
1）到http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/rpmforge-release/查找适用于RHEL5/CentOS5的软件包。
2）下载适用于RHEL5/CentOS5的软件包。
[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo wget http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packag ... 6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.3.6-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-*
安装rpmforge-release软件包之后，就可以看到/etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo文件，以后yum就可以使用这个更新源了。
II、添加DAG更新仓库。
1)在/etc/yum.repos.d/下建立dag.repo
2)编辑dag.repo
[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/dag.repo
[dag]
name=Dag RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise Linux
baseurl=http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/i386/dag
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
保存退出。
然后导入Key,
[admingu@googe ~]$ sudo rpm --import http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
添加DAG可能会有点问题，这要看所在网速如何？
三、使用如下命令更新到最新系统
# yum upgrade
四、安装必要的软件工具
# yum install wget bzip2 unzip zip nmap tree lynx fileutils ncftp lftp
若您需要在本机编译源代码的软件，请安装开发工具组的软件包
# yum groupinstall "Development Tools"

二 RHEL5建立自己的源

为了解决软件包的依赖问题，红帽系列发行版最好的方式是利用yum，但用红帽子的yum源安装软件有诸多限制，弃之，还有两种方法，一个是用centos 对应版本的yum源，不过centos一般都是慢rhel半拍才出来，第二是自己用rhel安装光盘文件里的文件构建yum源，这里以http方式（还可以本地光盘方式，本地文件方式），本文记录简要过程，仅供参考。
1.挂载安装光盘到系统

mount /dev/cdrom /media/

复制代码

2.复制文件到web服务器rhel5目录下

cp -fr /media/* /var/www/htm/rhel5

复制代码

3.重建记录分组文件
首先，确认系统已经安装createrepo包。

cd /var/www/htm/rhel5/Server
rpm -ivh createrepo-0.4.11-3.el5.noarch.rpm

复制代码

然后重建rpm记录分组文件

createrepo -g /var/www/html/rhel5/VT/repodata/comps-rhel5-vt.xml /var/www/html/rhel5/VT
createrepo -g /var/www/html/rhel5/Cluster/repodata/comps-rhel5-cluster.xml /var/www/html/rhel5/Cluster
createrepo -g /var/www/html/rhel5/ClusterStorage/repodata/comps-rhel5-cluster-st.xml /var/www/html/rhel5/ClusterStorage
createrepo -g /var/www/html/rhel5/Server/repodata/comps-rhel5-server-core.xml /var/www/html/rhel5/Server

复制代码

4.在/etc/yum.repos.d目录下建立repo库文件 rhel5-http.repo
        (注：此文件名任意，文件后缀名必须是repo)
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
vi rhel5-http.repo
#我的机器IP是为192.168.171.3
[Cluster]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Cluster
baseurl=http://192.168.171.3/rhel5/Cluster
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[ClusterStorage]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - ClusterStorage
baseurl=http://192.168.171.3/rhel5/ClusterStorage
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[Server]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Server
baseurl=http://192.168.171.3/rhel5/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
[VT]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - VT
baseurl=http://192.168.171.3/rhel5/VT
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
   5.清除本机yum缓存
yum clean all
    6.测试
yum -y install vim*
引用
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Setting up Install Process
Parsing package install arguments
Package 2:vim-minimal-7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z.i386 already installed and latest version
Package 2:vim-common-7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z.i386 already installed and latest version
Package 2:vim-enhanced-7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z.i386 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package vim-X11.i386 2:7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================================================================
Package                    Arch                    Version                                  Repository                 Size
=============================================================================================================================
Installing:
vim-X11                    i386                    2:7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z                     Server                    1.4 M
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================
Install      1 Package(s)
Update       0 Package(s)
Remove       0 Package(s)
Total download size: 1.4 M
Downloading Packages:
vim-X11-7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z.i386.rpm                                                                   | 1.4 MB     00:00
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186
Importing GPG key 0x37017186 "Red Hat, Inc. (release key) " from /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing     : vim-X11                                           [1/1]
Installed: vim-X11.i386 2:7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z
Complete!
7.分发rhel5-http.repo到其他机器以供使用。