本文介绍如何使用Apache POI库动态生成Excel文档，包括导入Maven依赖、创建封装类ExportExcel，以及通过反射机制读取JavaBean属性并将其写入Excel。文章还提供了示例代码和前端调用方法。
步骤一：导入maven包
<!--生成excel-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.10-FINAL</version>
</dependency>
步骤二：
导入封装类ExportExcel
package cn.stylefeng.guns.core.util;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
/**
* 利用开源组件POI3.0.2动态导出EXCEL文档 转载时请保留以下信息，注明出处！
*
* @author leno
* @version v1.0
* @param <T>
* 应用泛型，代表任意一个符合javabean风格的类
* 注意这里为了简单起见，boolean型的属性xxx的get器方式为getXxx(),而不是isXxx()
* byte[]表jpg格式的图片数据
*/
public class ExportExcel<T>
{
final static SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
public void exportExcel(Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out)
{
exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", null, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
}
public void exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,
OutputStream out)
{
exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
}
public void exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset,
OutputStream out, String pattern)
{
exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out, pattern);
}
/**
* 这是一个通用的方法，利用了JAVA的反射机制，可以将放置在JAVA集合中并且符号一定条件的数据以EXCEL 的形式输出到指定IO设备上
*
* @param title
* 表格标题名
* @param headers
* 表格属性列名数组
* @param dataset
* 需要显示的数据集合,集合中一定要放置符合javabean风格的类的对象。此方法支持的
* javabean属性的数据类型有基本数据类型及String,Date,byte[](图片数据)
* @param out
* 与输出设备关联的流对象，可以将EXCEL文档导出到本地文件或者网络中
* @param pattern
* 如果有时间数据，设定输出格式。默认为"yyy-MM-dd"
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void exportExcel(String title, String[] headers,
Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out, String pattern)
{
// 声明一个工作薄
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
// 生成一个表格
HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(title);
// 设置表格默认列宽度为15个字节
sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short) 15);
// 生成一个样式
HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
// 设置这些样式
style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index);
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
// 生成一个字体
HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();
font.setColor(HSSFColor.VIOLET.index);
font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
// 把字体应用到当前的样式
style.setFont(font);
// 生成并设置另一个样式
HSSFCellStyle style2 = workbook.createCellStyle();
style2.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW.index);
style2.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
style2.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
style2.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
// 生成另一个字体
HSSFFont font2 = workbook.createFont();
font2.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);
// 把字体应用到当前的样式
style2.setFont(font2);
// 声明一个画图的顶级管理器
HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
// 定义注释的大小和位置,详见文档
HSSFComment comment = patriarch.createComment(new HSSFClientAnchor(0,
0, 0, 0, (short) 4, 2, (short) 6, 5));
// 设置注释内容
comment.setString(new HSSFRichTextString("可以在POI中添加注释！"));
// 设置注释作者，当鼠标移动到单元格上是可以在状态栏中看到该内容.
comment.setAuthor("leno");
// 产生表格标题行
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
for (short i = 0; i < headers.length; i++)
{
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString(headers[i]);
cell.setCellValue(text);
}
// HSSFCell cell1 = row.createCell(0);
// cell1.setCellStyle(style);
// HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString("日期");
// cell1.setCellValue(text);
// 遍历集合数据，产生数据行
Iterator<T> it = dataset.iterator();
int index = 0;
while (it.hasNext())
{
index++;
row = sheet.createRow(index);
T t = (T) it.next();
// 利用反射，根据javabean属性的先后顺序，动态调用getXxx()方法得到属性值
Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
for (short i = 0; i < fields.length; i++)
{
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
cell.setCellStyle(style2);
Field field = fields[i];
String fieldName = field.getName();
String getMethodName = "get"
+ fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()
+ fieldName.substring(1);
try
{
Class tCls = t.getClass();
Method getMethod = tCls.getMethod(getMethodName,
new Class[]
{});
Object value = getMethod.invoke(t, new Object[]
{});
// 判断值的类型后进行强制类型转换
String textValue = null;
// if (value instanceof Integer) {
// int intValue = (Integer) value;
// cell.setCellValue(intValue);
// } else if (value instanceof Float) {
// float fValue = (Float) value;
// textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(
// String.valueOf(fValue));
// cell.setCellValue(textValue);
// } else if (value instanceof Double) {
// double dValue = (Double) value;
// textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(
// String.valueOf(dValue));
// cell.setCellValue(textValue);
// } else if (value instanceof Long) {
// long longValue = (Long) value;
// cell.setCellValue(longValue);
// }
if (value instanceof Boolean)
{
boolean bValue = (Boolean) value;
textValue = "男";
if (!bValue)
{
textValue = "女";
}
}
// else if (value instanceof Date)
// {
// Date date = (Date) value;
// SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);
// textValue = sdf.format(date);
// }
// else if (value instanceof byte[])
// {
// // 有图片时，设置行高为60px;
// row.setHeightInPoints(60);
// // 设置图片所在列宽度为80px,注意这里单位的一个换算
// sheet.setColumnWidth(i, (short) (35.7 * 80));
// // sheet.autoSizeColumn(i);
// byte[] bsValue = (byte[]) value;
// HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0, 0,
// 1023, 255, (short) 6, index, (short) 6, index);
// anchor.setAnchorType(2);
// patriarch.createPicture(anchor, workbook.addPicture(
// bsValue, HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));
// }
else
{
// 其它数据类型都当作字符串简单处理
if(value!=null&&!"".equals(value))
textValue = value.toString();
}
// 如果不是图片数据，就利用正则表达式判断textValue是否全部由数字组成
if (textValue != null)
{
Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^//d+(//.//d+)?$");
Matcher matcher = p.matcher(textValue);
if (matcher.matches())
{
// 是数字当作double处理
cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(textValue));
}
else
{
HSSFRichTextString richString = new HSSFRichTextString(
textValue);
HSSFFont font3 = workbook.createFont();
font3.setColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index);
richString.applyFont(font3);
cell.setCellValue(richString);
}
}
}
catch (SecurityException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (NoSuchMethodException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IllegalArgumentException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IllegalAccessException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (InvocationTargetException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally
{
// 清理资源
}
}
}
try
{
workbook.write(out);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// 测试学生
ExportExcel<String> ex = new ExportExcel<String>();
// String[] headers = { "日期" };
List<String> dataset = new ArrayList<String>();
dataset.add(sdf.format(new Date()));
dataset.add(sdf.format(new Date()));
dataset.add(sdf.format(new Date()));
// 测试图书
//ExportExcel<Book> ex2 = new ExportExcel<Book>();
// String[] headers2 = { "图书编号", "图书名称", "图书作者", "图书价格", "图书ISBN", "图书出版社", "封面图片" };
//List<Book> dataset2 = new ArrayList<Book>();
try
{
// BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("V://book.bmp"));
// byte[] buf = new byte[bis.available()];
// while ((bis.read(buf)) != -1)
// {
// //
// }
// dataset2.add(new Book(1, "jsp", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
// "清华出版社", buf));
// dataset2.add(new Book(2, "java编程思想", "brucl", 300.33f, "1234567",
// "阳光出版社", buf));
// dataset2.add(new Book(3, "DOM艺术", "lenotang", 300.33f, "1234567",
// "清华出版社", buf));
// dataset2.add(new Book(4, "c++经典", "leno", 400.33f, "1234567",
// "清华出版社", buf));
// dataset2.add(new Book(5, "c#入门", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567",
// "汤春秀出版社", buf));
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("E://a.xls");
// OutputStream out2 = new FileOutputStream("E://b.xls");
ex.exportExcel(dataset, out);
System.out.println(dataset);
// ex2.exportExcel(headers2, dataset2, out2);
out.close();
// out2.close();
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "导出成功!");
System.out.println("excel导出成功！");
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void exportExcel1(String title, String[] headers,
Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out, String pattern)
{
// 声明一个工作薄
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
// 生成一个表格
HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(title);
// 设置表格默认列宽度为15个字节
sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short) 15);
// 生成一个样式
HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
// 设置这些样式
style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index);
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
// 生成一个字体
HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();
font.setColor(HSSFColor.VIOLET.index);
font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
// 把字体应用到当前的样式
style.setFont(font);
// 生成并设置另一个样式
HSSFCellStyle style2 = workbook.createCellStyle();
style2.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW.index);
style2.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
style2.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
style2.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
// 生成另一个字体
HSSFFont font2 = workbook.createFont();
font2.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);
// 把字体应用到当前的样式
style2.setFont(font2);
// 声明一个画图的顶级管理器
HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
// 定义注释的大小和位置,详见文档
HSSFComment comment = patriarch.createComment(new HSSFClientAnchor(0,
0, 0, 0, (short) 4, 2, (short) 6, 5));
// 设置注释内容
comment.setString(new HSSFRichTextString("可以在POI中添加注释！"));
// 设置注释作者，当鼠标移动到单元格上是可以在状态栏中看到该内容.
comment.setAuthor("leno");
// 产生表格标题行
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
for (short i = 0; i < headers.length; i++)
{
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString(headers[i]);
cell.setCellValue(text);
}
// 遍历集合数据，产生数据行
Iterator<T> it = dataset.iterator();
int index = 0;
while (it.hasNext())
{
index++;
row = sheet.createRow(index);
T t = (T) it.next();
// 利用反射，根据javabean属性的先后顺序，动态调用getXxx()方法得到属性值
Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
for (short i = 0; i < fields.length; i++)
{
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
cell.setCellStyle(style2);
Field field = fields[i];
String fieldName = field.getName();
String getMethodName = "get"
+ fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()
+ fieldName.substring(1);
try
{
Class tCls = t.getClass();
Method getMethod = tCls.getMethod(getMethodName,
new Class[]
{});
Object value = getMethod.invoke(t, new Object[]
{});
// 判断值的类型后进行强制类型转换
String textValue = null;
// if (value instanceof Integer) {
// int intValue = (Integer) value;
// cell.setCellValue(intValue);
// } else if (value instanceof Float) {
// float fValue = (Float) value;
// textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(
// String.valueOf(fValue));
// cell.setCellValue(textValue);
// } else if (value instanceof Double) {
// double dValue = (Double) value;
// textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(
// String.valueOf(dValue));
// cell.setCellValue(textValue);
// } else if (value instanceof Long) {
// long longValue = (Long) value;
// cell.setCellValue(longValue);
// }
if (value instanceof Boolean)
{
boolean bValue = (Boolean) value;
textValue = "男";
if (!bValue)
{
textValue = "女";
}
}
else if (value instanceof Date)
{
Date date = (Date) value;
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);
textValue = sdf.format(date);
}
else if (value instanceof byte[])
{
// 有图片时，设置行高为60px;
row.setHeightInPoints(60);
// 设置图片所在列宽度为80px,注意这里单位的一个换算
sheet.setColumnWidth(i, (short) (35.7 * 80));
// sheet.autoSizeColumn(i);
byte[] bsValue = (byte[]) value;
HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0, 0,
1023, 255, (short) 6, index, (short) 6, index);
anchor.setAnchorType(2);
patriarch.createPicture(anchor, workbook.addPicture(
bsValue, HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));
}
else
{
// 其它数据类型都当作字符串简单处理
textValue = value.toString();
}
// 如果不是图片数据，就利用正则表达式判断textValue是否全部由数字组成
if (textValue != null)
{
Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^//d+(//.//d+)?$");
Matcher matcher = p.matcher(textValue);
if (matcher.matches())
{
// 是数字当作double处理
cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(textValue));
}
else
{
HSSFRichTextString richString = new HSSFRichTextString(
textValue);
HSSFFont font3 = workbook.createFont();
font3.setColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index);
richString.applyFont(font3);
cell.setCellValue(richString);
}
}
}
catch (SecurityException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (NoSuchMethodException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IllegalArgumentException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IllegalAccessException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (InvocationTargetException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally
{
// 清理资源
}
}
}
try
{
workbook.write(out);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
步骤三：编写导出代码
- 首先到数据库中查询需要导出的数据，存入list集合中
- 修改导出文件的命名：fileName
- 修改excel各字段对应的注释：String[] headers
- 转移到目标list中，在这里转换要导出的数据创，建封装类，比如：转换type的int类型数据为string，还有时间格式等 导出
/**
* 获取列表
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/downlist")
@ResponseBody
public Object downlist(String condition,Integer answerType,Integer accountId,HttpServletResponse response,
@RequestParam(value = "time",required = false) String beginTime,
@RequestParam(required = false) String endTime) {
List<AnswerDto> answerDtos = answerService.list(condition,answerType,accountId,beginTime,endTime);
return creatExcel(response,answerDtos);
}
private Object creatExcel(HttpServletResponse response, List<AnswerDto> answerDtos) {
BufferedWriter bw = null;
try {
//生成对象
ExportExcel<AnswerExcel> ex = new ExportExcel<>();
//方法 1
String[] headers = new String[]{"序号", "姓名", "学号/工号", "身份","答题植物","答题类型","对比植物","答题分数","答题时间","题目","用户答案","正确答案","结果"};
ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
String format = formatter.format(new Date());
String fileName="答题记录";
fileName +=" "+format;
response.reset();
response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel;charset=utf-8");
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+ new String((fileName + ".xls").getBytes(), "iso-8859-1"));
//osw = new OutputStreamWriter(sos, "GBK");
bw =new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(sos));
System.out.println("准备进入");
//转移到目标list中
List<AnswerExcel> list = new ArrayList();
if(null!=answerDtos&&answerDtos.size()>0){
answerDtos.stream().forEach(answerDto -> {
AnswerExcel excel = new AnswerExcel();
BeanUtils.copyProperties(answerDto,excel);
excel.setCreateTime(formatter.format(answerDto.getCreateTime()));
excel.setAnswerType(answerDto.getAnswerType()==1?"观察考核":answerDto.getAnswerType()==2?"描述考核":answerDto.getAnswerType()==3?"对比考核":"错误");
excel.setType(answerDto.getType()==1?"学生":answerDto.getType()==2?"老师":"错误");
excel.setResult(answerDto.getResult()==1?"正确":answerDto.getResult()==2?"错误":"发生错误");
list.add(excel);
});
ex.exportExcel(headers, list, sos);
bw.flush();
}
return "success";
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
return "error";
}finally {
try {
if(bw != null){
bw.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
步骤四：前端页面调用
一定要在浏览器中打开页面，不能使用ajax调用，同时可以把一些条件传递过去
/**
* 导出excel
*/
function download() {
var condition = $("#condition").val();
var accountId = $("#accountId").val();
var answerType = $("#answerType").val();
var time = $("#time").val();
var endTime = $("#endTime").val();
window.location.href=Feng.ctxPath + "/answer/downlist?condition="+condition+"&accountId="+accountId+
"&answerType="+answerType+"&time="+time+"&endTime="+endTime;
};
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